HAVING FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE TIMES, COMPLYING WITH THE TREND, STANDING FAST AND MAKING INNOVATIONS: ON CHINA'S DIPLOMACY IN FOUR DECADES OF REFORM AND OPENING-UP

The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.

The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Reform and Development Governance

This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.

The Monetary Reform of Hong Kong and Its Enlightenment for China's Mainland

The monetary system of Hong Kong has experienced several reforms, now it can effectively control the money supply and restrain inflation. The reform of monetary system is very meaningful for China's Mainland, as China's Mainland also wants to restrain inflation. The focus of this article is to analyze the process of monetary system＇s reform of Hong Kong, and the development of money supply system. The conclusion is that central bank of China's Mainland should learn from Hong Kong＇s experience and carry out more reasonable monetary reform.

Reform and Opening-up and China's Participation in International Human Rights Cooperation Process

The process of China’s participation in international human rights cooperation is closely related to the process of reform and opening-up launched at the end of the 1970s, while participation in international human rights cooperation is based on the process of reform and opening-up. It is the fruit of the reform and opening-up policy and the emancipation of the mind for China to decide to participate in international human rights cooperation. Since then, along with the process, the process of China participating in international cooperation can be divided into four periods. The first established the multi-ministries cooperative group to do research on international human rights activities in 1980. The second, was the first white paper on human rights published by the government in 1991. The third was the incorporation of human rights in the Constitution in 2004, and the fourth been putting forward the idea "a community with shared future for human beings" in 2013. All of these are landmark events for China to participate in international human rights cooperation against the general background of the reform and opening-up policy.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅰ)

As the industry of knowledge diffusion and civilization spreading, printing industry has been paid much attention by Party and Government.

Social Security Internationalization During China's Reform and Opening Up from 1978 to 2018——Viewed from the Paradigm of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

China's reform and opening-up policy,launched in 1978,marks the start of the internationalization process of its social security system.This paper takes the notion of "a community with a shared future" as the perspective to analyze the internationalization of social security in the process of China's reform and opening up.Based on China's developments in globalization,it divides the internationalization process of China's social security from 1978 to 2018 into three stages: the stage of reshaping the domestic social security system with reference to the best international practice; the stage of achieving bilateral or multilateral alignment on the premise of equality and mutual benefit,and the stage of injecting Chinese wisdom in social security into the development of global social security.The trajectory of the development of China's social security internationalization shows the incremental evolution within the country,between nations,and in the world community.This paper studies the internationalization process to show China's grand achievements in the four decades of reform and opening-up and to demonstrate Chinese wisdom and confidence.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries (Ⅱ)

Ⅳ.Development of Printing Technology i.16 characters guideline and 28 characters guidefine directed the development of China’s printing technology Mr.Fan Muhan chaired 16 characters guideline in September,1982,which includes laserphototypesetting,

The Development of China's Intellectual Property Law over the Past Forty Years of Reform and Opening Up

Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China has experienced vigorous development of Intellectual Property Law.During this period,it has successively enacted and promulgated a range of basic laws,among which are the Trademark Law of the PRC,the Patent Law of the PRC,the Copyright Law of the PRC and the AntiUnfair Competition Law of the PRC; and many other related laws and regulations,such as the Regulations of the PRC on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,Regulations on Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout Design and Provisions on the Protection of Geographical Indication Products.In this way,China has gradually established a relatively sound and complete intellectual property law system.Since the beginning of reform and opening-up,China's practice of intellectual property legislation has adhered to its institutional positioning of being subject to its civil law,safeguarding effective market competition and ensuring the implementation of national strategies.It has followed the development rules of relying on scientific & technological progress,targeting economic and social development and adjusting public policies for guiding purposes.Thanks to this,China has formed multiple coordinating mechanisms to settle conflicts of interests between the protection of intellectual property rights(IPR) and the protection of basic human rights,public health,genetic resources,traditional knowledge,etc.In the future development of China's intellectual property law,a trend of codification will emerge,which will primarily "include intellectual property law in the civil code" or "enact an intellectual property code." The modernization of China's Intellectual Property Law will be manifested in the changes of the defining standard of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)subjects,the utilization patterns of IPR objects and the protection models of intellectual property.This internationalization will center on creating a new order for international IPR protection.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅲ)

(connected to the last month’s Print China) V.Regional Economy Regional imbalance appeared in development of China’s printing industry because of impact of gov-

Chongqing,An Epitome of China's Reform and Open Policy

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On China's Reform and Opening-up and the Evolution of the Views of Human Rights

The dominant human rights views in a country or region is closely related to the economic and social development of that country or region and is closely related to human rights practices. Since the launch of reform and opening-up, the development of China’s conception of human rights has gone through many stages. The changes of contemporary Chinese human rights conceptions have gone through the stages from the views of human rights to the theories of human rights, to the norms and practices of human rights, and human rights conceptions developed from avoidance to controversy, from passiveness to initiative, and from learning to construction, which reflects the continuous development of China’s human rights cause. By analyzing the journal records through a search of the human rights and its related keywords, it is possible to chart the evolution and historical context of contemporary Chinese human rights theory.

Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

Review of China's Oil and Gas Policies in 2018

In 2018, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas System was implemented, and supporting measures were introduced one after another to promote the further expansion of the oil and gas market. The promotion of the competitive transfer of mining rights has continued, and Xinjiang has for the first time sold the exploration rights of five oil and gas exploration blocks through listing. The supervision of the fair opening of oil and gas pipeline networks has been strengthened, and oil and gas infrastructure will be opened to third parties. Market access for oil sales has been further relaxed, and restrictions on more than 30 foreign-funded chain gas stations requiring Chinese ownership have been lifted.The management system of oil and gas import and export has been improved, and non-state-owned trading enterprises in the free trade zone have for the first time been granted the right to import crude oil. The pricing mechanism of natural gas has been further improved; the price management of residential gas has been changed from the highest gate station price management to reference gate station price management so as to realize the connection between residential gas and nonresidential gas reference price levels. The promotion of the successful listing of Shanghai crude oil futures will promote the formation of Asian pricing power for crude oil and enhance China's influence on pricing in the international oil market. In addition, the state has issued the Opinions on Promoting the Coordinated and Stable Development of Natural Gas, which is conducive to solving the problems of the incomplete natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing system, and unbalanced industrial development in China. Focusing on enhancing domestic oil and gas exploration and development,such fiscal and taxation support policies as shale gas tax cuts and the proposed extension of subsidy years have been introduced so as to slow down the excessive rise in oil and gas dependence on foreign countries, and enhance the ability to ensure national energy security.

Analysis of the Changes in Rural Chinese Family Structure since Reform and Opening Up

This article uses data from censuses since 1982 to reveal changes in the family structure of rural China since the launch of reform and opening up and against the backdrop of institutional relocation,social transformation and an aging population.Since the advent of reform and opening up,rural family structure and its changes can be divided into two phases.Before the 1990 s,the household contract responsibility system was implemented,labor in rural villages was still mainly engaged in farming,and the number of nuclear families remained stable with a steady rise.After the 1990 s,as reform progress deepened,substantial numbers of young and middle-aged laborers in rural villages began to relocate into non-farming sectors and aging in rural villages rose.As those born in the early days of the family planning policy gradually matured,family structure was directly affected and changed in new ways and forms not seen before.Vocational divisions of labor among the parents of young families and married offspring emerged and the significance of cooperation for family economy and daily life between parents and offspring rose in importance.Also,the prevalence of immediate families with three generations climbed while the standard nuclear families declined,the ratio of middle-aged couples with young children that worked outside the home increased,the function of middle-aged and senior parents in the upbringing of infants and children enhanced,and the commonness of incomplete family types such as only grandparents with grandchildren increased.During this phase,the number of seniors living alone surged to the point of becoming a matter worthy of attention.

Forty Years of Reform and Opening Up and the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society

Over the past forty years of reform and opening up,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has led people of all ethnic groups in the country to carry out the practice of building a moderately prosperous society.Combining Marxism with the contemporary reality of China,the CPC has adapted Marxism to the Chinese context and enriched the theory of building a moderately prosperous society since its initiation.In practice,China already achieved the goal of ensuring the people a moderately prosperous life and is now striving to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,making tremendous progress in economic and social development.To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the intended goal,China should accelerate the advancement of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy,continue to improve the people’s livelihood,and maintain sustained and sound economic and social development.

The 40-year Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up

In 1978,the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee started the implementation of opening-up and reform policies,starting a new chapter of China’s economic development.A grand gathering to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up was held by the CPC Central Committee and State Council on December 18,2018.President Xi Jinping addressed the gathering,saying“we shall never forget our original determination and keep in mind our commitment to carry forward reform and opening-up to the end.We shall endeavor to fulfill the people’s demands for beautiful lives and create a new miracle in a new era that amazes the world”.

China's 30-year Industrial Reform in Retrospect

Industrial reform in China truly embodies the rich content and hard experience of exploration along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. At the first stage of industrial reform,a thought revolution was started,which laid the foundation for the development of the market economy,i.e. "to get away from poverty,we have to help ourselves and pursue self-interests". Society then began to realize that the action of individuals and enterprises to pursue income,profit and wealth was not only a proper and rational behavior of discrete entities,but also a reasonable behavior bene cial to society. This profound thought revolution played a decisive role in the transformation from a planned to market economy. At the second stage of industrial reform,some bold assaults were launched on every aspect of the planned economy,while the socialist market economy was identified as the objective of system reform. In this process,Chinese industry courageously,boldly and confidently moved towards an open market economy. As a result,China can now proclaim to the world:"we are not afraid of market competition,but rather,we look forward to it!" At the third stage of industrial reform,the focus has shifted from resolving issues of the transition from a planned to market economy into addressing common institutional and policy issues facing countries worldwide with regard to the effective operation of the market economy. From then on,industrial reform in China was no longer the business of China alone,but the business of the whole world.

Higher Education Reform for Computer Major Students in Open and Research Environments

This paper analyzes the requirement of professional computer talents in Chinese universities,and introduces the practice in innovative educational methods taken by Shandong University in an open and research environment.In order to improve educational quality,we have carried out a serial of reforms,including "Four Experiences" aiming at diversifying study environments and fostering their adaptability and extending their vision.Students are encouraged to join "Research Assistant" program and participate in scientific projects to improve their ability in research and innovation.They also conduct "Engineering Practice" to learn latest modeling and programming skills.Compound talents characterized of solid foundation,high quality and strong practical ability are shaped through these initiatives.

Practical Significance of Rural Survey of the Communist Party of China after Reform and Opening up

Conducting rural social investigation is the excellent tradition of the Communist Party of China.Since the reform and opening up,the Communist Party of China has undertaken several times of rural investigation,fully grasped the first-hand data of rural development situation of China,and formulated scientific policies and measures.These promote tremendous changes in rural development.Rural investigation of the Communist Party of China covers a wide range of topics,including politics,economy,education,science and technology,health care,sanitation,and population.Undertaking detailed investigation in rural areas is of great significance for development of rural society,scientific administration of the Communist Party of China,and the construction of the socialist society with Chinese characteristics.

Reform of the World Trade Organization:Challenges, Progress, and China’s Position

Since the founding of the World Trade Organization(WTO), the high heterogeneity among its members and the difficulty of coordinating those members’ interests, coupled with the guiding principle of consensus decision-making, have repeatedly led WTO negotiations into deadlocks.Recently, the US, increasingly dissatisfied with the distribution of interests in the current international economic system, has been forcing its major trading partners to make concessions more frequently, using unilateral trade policies intended to reshape the global trade order. Thus, WTO reform is becoming even more complicated due to increased competition among great powers. Expanding regionalism is also likely to turn into a tool for geopolitical competition, posing a greater threat to the institutional basis of the multilateral trading system. China should support the multilateral trading system and guide reforms toward justice,inclusiveness, and openness. Furthermore, as it accelerates the pace of its own reform and opening up, China should narrow its divergence of rules with western countries within reasonable scope, ensure that due attention is given to the appeals of developing countries, and defend the goals and principles of the WTO.