How can technology and efficiency alleviate the dilemma of economic growth and carbon emissions in China's industrial economy? A metafrontier decoupling decomposition analysis

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO_(2) emissions(ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during2000-2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market.

China's Maritime Governance:Practical Evolution and Theoretical Construction

Increasingly engaged in maritime governance,China has developed its distinct vision and gradually established a complete theoretical system surrounding it.In terms of discourse,China has proposed a collection of concepts and ideas including a maritime community with a shared future,the 2lst Century Maritime Silk Road,Blue Partnerships,and marine ecological civilization.In terms of connotations,China champions such values as lasting peace,common prosperity,openness and inclusiveness,and cleanness and beautifulness.Exteriorly and interiorly,we can observe the unique character of China's vision concerning maritime governance,which will continue to upgrade and bear fruit in future practices,boosting the development of Chinese maritime governance theories,multilateral maritime cooperation,and ocean-related international legislation.Guided by its vision,China is expected to contribute more to global maritime security and marine ecological civilization.

Multi-scenario Simulation and Spatial-temporal Analysis of LUCC in China's Coastal Zone Based on Coupled SD-FLUS Model

Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.

Technical foundation research on high resolution remote sensing system of China's coastal zone

China's coastal zone is a region with a highly developed economy that contrasts clearly with the slow paced regular investigation on its natural environment,which cannot keep pace with the requirement of economic development and modern management.Laying a theoretical foundation for the modern management of China's costal zone is aimed at. This research focuses on the following processing and analyzing technologies for coastal zone high-resolution remote sensing data: organization and management of large amounts of high-resolution remote sensing data, quick and precise spatial positioning system,algorithms for image fusion in feature level and coastal zone feature extraction. They will form a technical foundation of the system. And, if combined with other research results such as coastal zone remote sensing classification system and its mapping subsystem, an advanced technical frame for remote sensing investigation of coastal zone resource will be constructed.

Construction and implementation of multisource spatial data management system of China's coastal zone and offshore

To meet the increasing demand of national spatial database infrastructure construction and application, a concept model of China's coastal zone scientific data platform is established based on the information feature analysis of a compound dataset, consisting of remote sensing data and conventional data. Based on this concept model, the detailed logical database structure and the storage strategy of remote sensing data and their metadata using ArcSDE are designed. The complicated technology of multisources data combination in this research is crucial to the future coastal zone and offshore database construction and practical running, which will provide intelligent information analysis and technological service for coastal zone and offshore investigation, research, development and management.

Cenozoic giant coal-bearing basin belt discovered in China's sea and its adjacent areas

Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.

土司制度与王朝国家的治理

受制于落后的交通和信息技术,传统国家治理的模式迥异于现代国家。广土众民的传统中国,长期以编户国家的模式进行治理,堪称人类历史上的奇迹。但在边远且有着自身“君长传统”与“毋君长传统”的西南地区,中央王朝总体上是用一种接近领地国家的模式进行治理。即便在所谓“改土归流”之后的地区,常常也存在“土流并治”的情形,或者即便制度上已无土官,但实际上却在很大程度上容忍过去土司政权中享有权力者继续在地方事务中发挥作用。同时,在内地流官治理的地区,士绅、宗族、胥吏等也常常控制着地方社会并世袭权力,因此土司制度与内地以编户齐民为核心的流官制度虽有较大差异,但也不无共通之处。

明代中央王朝与播州杨氏土司的文教互动研究

中央王朝与治下少数民族地方政权的文教互动是巩固国家大一统局面、强化中华民族共同体的重要手段,也是中华民族多元一体性的具体体现。明代中央王朝为强化对播州的统治,在“以夏变夷”“因俗而治”的民族政策下,与播州杨氏土司展开了积极的文教互动。在双方互动中,直接或间接、明里或暗里展示出各自的利益诉求与博弈。这些诉求与博弈客观上为双方构筑起了彼此交往、交流和交融的合理空间,促使双方在儒学建设、儒学教育、史学教育和凶礼等方面总体展现出自觉、有序、和谐、积极的发展态势。双方的文教互动不仅提升了播州官民对中央王朝文化、政治的认同感和接受度,强化了明代中央王朝对播州的统治,也促进了播州杨氏土司的政治存续和播州社会经济与文化的发展。

“在在皆耕兵”:明后期广西东部耕兵体系的形成

土司制度在明代西南边疆治理中发挥着重要作用。兵源主要来自土司地区的耕兵是明代广西创设的一种特殊军事力量。明正德、嘉靖之际,由于广西地区募兵政策的小范围运用,来自桂西土司的土兵逐渐进入到既有兵堡之中,并与自明初以来就已经在桂东地区颇为普遍的“招獞防猺”政策相结合,嘉靖九年(1530)最先在桂林形成了第一次大规模的耕兵创设。随着隆庆六年(1572)古田善后模式的确立,耕兵制度进一步被广西当局所鼓励,广西耕兵体系在桂东地区得以大规模的推行开来。到了万历中期,已经形成了取代卫所旗军、地方民壮最为重要的维系桂东地方稳定的防卫力量,分布于桂东“猺獞”动乱最为突出的区域周边。随着时间推移,大量来自桂西的耕兵在桂东落地生根,渐次融入地方社会之中,并对后世广西民族分布格局产生了深远影响。

明代纳西族木氏土司文学家族诗歌用韵研究——以《明代纳西族木氏土司文学家族诗集》为例

云南诸土官,知诗书,好礼守义,以丽江木氏为首。以木公为中心的明代丽江木氏土司文学家族的著述是木氏家族精神和文化的集萃,他们的诗歌深深烙印着独具特色的民族史与多样的民族文化,具有较为鲜明的地方民族特点,其诗歌用韵中少数民族文化与汉文化交往融合痕迹较为突出。

权力的纠缠——从《尘埃落定》看藏区土司秩序的解构

阿来在《尘埃落定》中通过权力叙事反映嘉绒藏区土司社会蒙昧与复苏的状态。文章通过福柯的权力理论,从权力话语、权力话语的主体、权力的运行机制三个层面解读被权力场域所覆盖的政治、经济、宗教等多元纠缠的关系,以此观照藏区通向现代社会秩序的艰难的进程。

马边大风顶国家级自然保护区人兽冲突现状调查

全球范围内,人兽冲突现已经成为保护生物学家亟需解决的重大挑战。为了解马边大风顶自然保护区周边社区人兽冲突现状,以提出科学的缓解人兽冲突方案,本研究于2024年1月在与保护区接壤的梅林、白家湾、高卓营和永红四个乡镇通过问卷调查与实地走访对其人兽冲突情况展开调查。结果显示:(1)受访的4个乡镇11个村庄共386户农户中有281户遭遇过人兽冲突,人兽冲突发生率为73%,事件主要发生在保护区周边8 km范围以内。(2)冲突类型主要包括破坏庄稼(90.36%)、掠食牲畜(25.36%)和攻击人类(1.07%)。破坏庄稼的兽类有藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris);掠食牲畜的兽类有豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、藏酋猴、野猪。(3)受访村共253户农户有农作物损失的情况,损失面积占种植总面积的25.56%,有17户获得赔偿;70户农户有家畜被捕食的情况,有1户获得赔偿;攻击人类事件发生过3起,受害者未获得任何赔偿。(4)年龄、文化程度、收入来源以及财产损失情况是影响农户对野生动物保护态度的关键因素。上述结果为保护区制定科学有效的管理政策提供科学依据,对促进当地人与野生动物和谐相处,保护生物多样性和生态环境具有重要意义。

土司书写的影视表达:隐喻、渐进与地方知识——以羌族电影《红色土司》为例

土司制度是中国历史上地方治理的方式之一。近年兴起的关涉土司的文学书写和影视表达,引发了历史研究和跨学科探讨。在土司影视的成长过程中,2019年上映的《红色土司》成为反映羌族革命英雄主义的里程碑。本文从该片的背景介绍出发,重点分析影片中的隐喻意涵、线性叙事的渐进手法以及地方知识的嵌入。余论展望土司影视艺术,期待土司影视系统化的规制和发展;相关史料需要进一步做艺术和情感方面的处理,使历史时代的具体经验为今所用、于今有利。

Enhanced Cooling Efficiency of Urban Trees on Hotter Summer Days in 70 Cities of China

Increasing the urban tree cover percentage(TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter days, depending on the physiological response of urban trees to rising ambient temperature. However, the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature remains poorly quantified for China's cities. In this study, we quantify the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature at noontime [~1330 LT(local time), LT=UTC+8] in 17summers(June, July, and August) from 2003–19 in 70 economically developed cities of China based on satellite observations. The results show that urban trees have stronger cooling efficiency with increasing temperature, suggesting additional cooling benefits provided by urban trees on hotter days. The enhanced cooling efficiency values of urban trees range from 0.002 to 0.055℃ %-1 per 1℃ increase in temperature across the selected cities, with larger values for the lowTCP-level cities. The response is also regulated by background temperature and precipitation, as the additional cooling benefit tends to be larger in warmer and wetter cities at the same TCP level. The positive response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature is explained mainly by the stronger evapotranspiration of urban trees on hotter days.These results have important implications for alleviating urban heat risk by utilizing urban trees, particularly considering that extreme hot days are becoming more frequent in cities under global warming.

土司制度内“自相君长”的西南实践:以容美土司为例

土司制度是传统时期王朝国家治理在西南地区展开的一个重要制度。通过考察容美土司种种所谓“非理越份”的僭越之举,本研究强调如下三点:其一,土司制度的推行并不意味着西南“自相君长”传统的消失,而是制度与传统的共舞,并呈现出“土王”相当大的主体性;其二,土司制度内“自相君长”传统的延续是当时为不同类型的人群所共享的一种观念,也是王朝国家治理过程中所建立的弹性、多元与包容的疆土管理体系的有机组成部分;其三,不能被近代民族国家观念所桎梏,想当然地视土司制度内“自相君长”为国家治理与社会整合的阻力。事实上,他们先于中原王朝而在其治域内用一套挪用、模仿内地州县的制度与机制,整合土民,为后改土归流时代王朝国家实施州县治理奠定了坚实的基础。

清中期虚衔土司改授土官的过程及实质

从行政成本、文化隔膜及维护边疆民族地区稳定等因素考量,明王朝在推进改土归流进程中,曾将原土司辖区改设流官州县并编设里甲,同时原土司职衔由武职改授为文职,令其在原地继续世袭。这些仍能世袭但失去了旧有土地、人民的土司,即为虚衔土司。清中期虚衔土司袭职改革是清政府持续推进对边疆民族地区治理的内容之一,其改革内容并不是职衔改授,而是裁汰职衔、按品秩改授土官、追销印信及换给号纸,从制度规范上进一步对虚衔土司加以限制,以抽离其对基层社会的控制。虚衔土司改授土官后,仍在边疆民族地区扮演着重要角色,呈现了王朝国家边疆治理的复杂情形。

景东傣族陶氏土司的兴衰与民族变迁关系探析

景东傣族陶氏土司,从元中统三年(1262年)平定景东后,直到同治六年(1867年)在回民大起义的浪潮中最终土崩瓦解,世袭25代、长达500多年,最终“民国末年,仅数百人”。本文探析景东傣族陶氏土司的兴衰与景东民族变迁的关系,从而助推全面系统地了解景东发展历史脉络。

“得远人以安边”:明代贵州司学发展及价值

司学作为明代贵州学校教育中官学的重要类型,其存在对地区文化教育事业影响深远。明王朝经营贵州以“怀柔远人”为先,恩威并施,宽猛得宜,司学教育的开展正好适应了“能得远人之心”的需要。明代贵州司学的设置、发展以及政府对司学的管理在一定程度上满足了当时贵州土司的教育需求,推动了儒学教化,增强了贵州少数民族对中原文化的认同。同时,司学的发展培育了诸多优秀的少数民族人才,达到了“教化安边”的目的,进一步巩固了中央对地方的统治,对促进地区文化社会的发展及稳定具有重要意义。

明代左江流域的城池修筑及差役分配变化——以太平府为中心的考察

明代太平府城池、关隘的修筑是为弹压左江土司、防御安南入寇,加大明廷对于广西边疆地区的管控力度。而其下辖的流属政区城池修筑进程则较为缓慢,属于“改土归流”以后的延伸措施,亦是开展各项善政的首要前提。城池的修筑对于推动地方开发、移风易俗的进程起到了积极的影响,诸位兴修城池的知州倍受后人敬仰。明代太平府城池修筑差役的分配变化是地方社会变迁的一个缩影,随着卫所军户的减员,民户与地方衙门成为修筑城池的主力。从明初的卫所军士主导的筑城差役,演变为“军七民三”再至“军三民七”的差役分配模式,并形成地方衙门出办工料、民户与军户仅出力役的协作方式。由于太平府流属政区的编户齐民有限,大部分筑城力役是由土属政区的土民来承担,这又考验着明廷对于左江土司的控制程度。崇祯年间,太平府城池的重新修筑刻意回避左江土司的参与,显示出在国力式微的处境下,地方官员对于土司参与筑城的复杂心态。

铸牢中华民族共同体视域下黔南土司文化遗产可持续保护与开发研究

土司文化遗产对于了解中华民族形成的历史,铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要的意义。黔南州土司文化遗产种类丰富,但现阶段存在保护力度不够,有不同程度的损毁;相关部门认识不足,缺少切实可行的保护规划等问题。因此,应制定区域性法规,为土司文化遗产保护提供法治保障;建设“黔南州土司文化陈列馆”,进一步做好宣传工作;推动申报保护名录,鼓励和支持土司文化遗产活化利用;协调土司家族参与,多元力量参与土司文化遗产保护;依托全域旅游,深度推进土司文旅融合;组织学界深入研究,抢救与保存土司遗存。