Choice of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability among Smallholder Farmers in the Maize Based Cropping System in Namutumba District, Uganda

Smallholder farmers in Namutumba district draw on a combination of adaptation strategies to respond to effects of climate variability. However, there is limited scholarly evidence and explanation that has been conducted on the factors that influence the choice of alternative sets of strategies that smallholder farmers use in response to climate variability specific stress and literature that disentangles climatic stressors specific adaptation options. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the study area and household respondents. The study used cross-sectional research design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Household data was collected from 160 respondents with a structured questionnaire supported by key informant interviews. Multinomial logit modeling (MNL) was used to determine the relative influence of selected household socio-demographic factors on the choice of adaptation strategies against the dry spell. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to create weighted adaptation index for categorizing various similar adaptation strategies. In order to respond to the impact of climate variability stresses, smallholder farmers have adapted growing drought-resistant crops (12.2%), extension of the agricultural frontier into wetlands during the dry spells (37%), whereas use of crop rotation (9.8%) is the most dominant strategies used to manage pest and diseases, similarly soil and water conservation (15.3%) and climate-smart planning basin (11%) are the most dominant adaptation strategies use to manage flood. Empirical results from multinomial logit modeling showed that predictor variables gender, level of education, years of farming, house size, access to credit, and own radio have a significant influence on the choice of adaptation strategies with differences significant level during the dry spell. The study recommends that future policies should focus on strengthening the existing extension training package, strengthening the existing farmer’s groups and cooperatives, encouraging informal social networks in order to boost smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate variability.

Open Source Software Movement: A Challenging Opportunity for the Development of China's Software Industry

The software industries in developing countries are facing enormous challenges in order to grow amid fierce competition of import from the software makers in developed countries. Open source software (OSS) movement, which is a particular phenomenon in the software industries, seems to be a challenging opportunity for the developing countries that wants to move their own software industries up the value chain. This paper, using China as an example, identifies the issues that need to be addressed for the software industry, as well as the special characteristics of software products that need to be dealt with carefully. It proposes promoting OSS as a strategy the Chinese government should adopt to grow the software industry and the specific actions that should be taken.

Review on the challenges and strategies in oil and gas industry's transition towards carbon neutrality in China

In light of carbon-neutral pledge, the oil and gas industry has been facing several critical new challenges in China. The current status and new challenges in terms of market mechanism reform, supply-consumption balance and key technology innovation in China's oil and gas industry are reviewed in the present study, and new strategies and roadmaps are proposed to cope with the challenges. The study found that (i) the oil and gas market faces challenges such as incomplete pricing mechanisms, unclear subject rights, and the lack of recognition and trading of carbon assets. (ii) the trade-off between short-term supply security and long-term low-carbon supply is the most critical issue. (iii) in addition to typical challenges such as immature technology and lack of funding support, the unclear multiple technology coupling development mode also poses problems for the low-carbon transformation of the oil and gas industry. To address these new challenges, comprehensive strategies and roadmaps for China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality are proposed and discussed in the aspects of participating in market transactions, restructuring production and consumption, deploying key technology innovations, and planning enterprise strategies. The present study is expected to provide a blueprint for the future development of China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality.

China's Common Interest Theory in the Context of International Strategy

Common interest is the shared and convergent parts of national interests in the state of inter-dependency, composed of common benefits and common threats, and provides the foundation for international cooperation under bilateral, multilateral and global frameworks. This paper will take the concept of common interest on the level of international politics as the core and supplement it with thoughts, ideas and practices of the CPC and China's government leaders to sort out innovations made in China's common interest theory and international strategic thoughts since 1989, as well as sum up the basic implications of China's common interest theory and the rules of its evolution so as to offer a brand new dimension for Marxist international strategic studies in China.

民营企业带动资金变股金服务乡村振兴战略的路径选择

构建民营企业带动资金变股金的“铁三角”模型,探讨民营企业、农民与村集体等主体在乡村振兴战略实施过程中的内在关系及其相互作用,分析民营企业入股资金少、贷款入股效果不佳、资金吸引力不强,农民本身没有太多资金、厌恶风险投资、资金投入不稳定,村集体利用扶持资金不充分、资金投资方向和收益难确定等问题,探讨充分发挥民营企业自身“资金变股金”,民营企业带动农民的“资金变股金”、带动村集体的“资金变股金”服务乡村振兴战略的路径。

改进量子位初始映射的综合SWAP优化策略

在嘈杂的中尺度量子时代,传统的初始映射策略忽略了后续操作中可能出现的邻接性的问题。针对这一挑战,综合考虑量子比特间的距离、交互时间和门操作的错误率,设计了一个多因素交互成本函数,并提出综合SWAP优化策略(comprehensive SWAP optimization strategy,CSOS)。该策略包括最佳SWAP选择和基于SWAP的批量更新策略,用于优化量子电路的局部量子位映射。最佳SWAP选择通过对比SWAP操作的效益,选择最佳收益的SWAP门;批量更新策略在映射阶段考虑即将执行的量子操作序列,预先执行批量的SWAP操作。二者综合可以减少整个电路执行过程中的SWAP数量,以最大程度减少映射开销。实验结果显示,CSOS优化方式可以平均减少38.1%的插入SWAP门数量,并降低约12%的硬件门计数开销。

考虑现金补贴的内容平台定价策略选择

基于多边市场和博弈论理论,针对内容平台建立了免费、收费和现金补贴3种定价策略模型,并通过对各定价策略下的参数进行比较,确定平台最优定价策略.结果表明:广告干扰成本和广告边际收益影响平台定价策略的选择和现金补贴额度的设置,当两者处于特定阈值范围内时采用现金补贴策略,当广告干扰成本非常高时采用收费策略,其他情况下采用免费策略;现金补贴策略下,现金补贴额度与广告干扰成本负相关,与广告边际收益正相关;相同条件下,采用现金补贴策略比其他2种定价策略对各方利益主体和社会福利更好;现金补贴策略和免费策略下的一些参数受广告边际收益的影响趋势相反.

粮食扦样检验质量提升的现实困境与对策建议

粮食扦样检验是保障粮食安全的关键环节,也是库存粮食质量监管的重要技术支撑。当前粮食扦样检验质量较企业期待仍存在不少差距,对北京、河北、内蒙古、上海、江苏、宁夏等粮食储存企业开展了实地调查,并对相关数据进行了基本态度分析,多角度挖掘了当前粮食扦样检验面临的现实困境,体现在法律、标准、监管、技术和行业水平上面的欠缺。建议有关部门进一步健全法律法规、完善标准化体系、创新监管模式、强化技术供应和推动行业建设,有序提升粮食扦样检验质量水平,确保国家粮食供应稳定和质量安全。

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer in China's Mainland

AIM:To investigate the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) management,as well as the usage of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) in China's Mainland.METHODS:A potentially curative therapeutic strategy for selecting patients with PC,known as "Techniques",consists of CRS in combination with HIPEC.A systemic search of published works and clinical trials was performed.Additional papers were retrieved by crosschecking references and obtaining information from Chinese oncologists and relevant conferences.One hundred and one papers and one registered clinical trial on HIPEC were included.RESULTS:A literature review identified 86 hospitals in 25 out of all 31 areas of China's Mainland that perform HIPEC.The earliest report included in our survey was published in 1993.Different approaches to HIPEC have been utilized,i.e.palliative,prophylactic,and possiblycurative treatment.Only one center has consistently performed HIPEC according to the "Sugarbaker Protocol",which involves evaluating the extent of PC with peritoneal cancer index and the results of CRS with the completeness of cytoreduction.Positive preliminary results were reported:7 of 21 patients with PC survived,free of tumors,during an 8-43-mo follow-up period.Hyperthermic strategies that include HIPEC have been practiced for a long time in China's Mainland,whereas the "Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques" has been only rarely implemented in China.The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International hosts a biannual workshop with the intent to train more specialists in this field and provide support for the construction of quality treatment centers,especially in developing countries like China,whose population is huge and has a dramatically increased incidence of cancer.CONCLUSION:To popularize Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques in China's Mainland in PC management arising from gastric cancer or colorectal cancer will be the responsibility of the upcoming Chinese Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group.

Adaptation strategy for sea level rise in vulnerable areasalong China's coast

It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.

Simplified Iterative Tikhonov Regularization and Posteriori Parameter Choice Rules

In this paper, a simplified iterative regnlarization method was used to solve the operator equations of the first kind involving semi-positive definite operators, the convergence rates of regularized solutions were obtained and a posteriori parametr choice strategy was given.

The Interactive Development of China’s Retail Industry “Going global” Strategy in the Context of the Belt & Road Initiative

Helping China’s retail industry to "go global" and get actively involved in global value chain competition is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China’s retail industry and an important measure to enhance the Chinese manufacturing industry’s position in international markets. The Belt and Road Initiative is China’s national strategy providing guidance for strategic decision-making for China’s retail industry in terms of overseas target market selection, market access selection and overseas investment risk management. As such, efforts should be made to maximize the interactive development of China’s retail industry through the strategies outlined in the Belt and Road Initiative.

情绪调节策略使用习惯和选择偏好的分离效应:特质焦虑的调节作用

探索大学生五种具体情绪调节策略使用习惯和选择偏好的关系以及特质焦虑的作用机制。研究1采用问卷法和行为实验法分别考察五种策略的使用习惯和选择偏好及其分离效应;研究2考察特质焦虑对五种策略使用习惯和选择偏好间的分离效应的影响。结果发现:大学生只在表情宣泄使用习惯和选择偏好间呈显著负相关,不出现分离效应。特质焦虑不影响认知重评、表达抑制、接受、注意分散使用习惯和选择偏好间的分离效应,但会影响表情宣泄在两者间的分离效应。

平台供应链视角下直播推荐服务模式选择策略

直播平台如何选择合理的推荐服务模式是提升其市场竞争力的关键.以平台供应链视角,考虑直播平台的独家推荐与非独家推荐两种服务模式,分别建立Stackelberg博弈模型并求解,探讨直播平台的最优推荐服务模式选择策略,进而分析直播平台推荐成本系数,佣金率与推荐费用对品牌商品售价,直播平台推荐水平及利润的影响.研究表明,直播平台的最优推荐服务模式受到平台推荐成本系数和推荐费用的影响,当直播平台的推荐成本系数或推荐费用较低时,直播平台选择独家推荐模式,否则选择非独家推荐模式.此外,当直播平台的推荐成本系数与推荐费用同时较低或较高时,品牌商能够与直播平台实现合作,达到双方共赢的局面.

不同籍地CEO对企业战略选择的影响

参照任职地,不同籍地CEO可分为外地CEO和本地CEO。二者不同的行事风格会影响企业战略选择。企业战略差异度是企业战略的重要特征之一。从企业战略差异度这一视角切入,选用2010—2019年沪深A股上市公司为样本进行实证检验。结果表明:外地CEO所在的企业战略差异度更高。截面差异分析显示,外地CEO对企业战略的影响在非国企、CEO权力更大、CEO连任和CEO原生地风险偏好低时更明显。在进行替换被解释变量、倾向得分匹配的稳健性分析后,结果仍然稳健。进一步地,CEO过度自信部分中介外地CEO对于企业战略的选择。研究结论有助于进一步认识CEO个人特征对于企业战略的影响,并提醒企业内外部相关者关注外地CEO与本地CEO在战略选择上的差异,为企业战略管理与经营带来思考与启示。

国家战略视阈的自贸港、自贸区着力点与地方政府选择

自贸区与自贸港建设是新时期中国推进全方位高水平对外开放的重要举措,与这个举措并行不悖的是两个空间层面的国家级发展战略,分别为国家级区域战略和国家级总体战略。由此引出的关系不少于三重:其一是自贸区与自贸港之间的关系;其二是国家级区域战略与国家级总体战略之间的关系;其三是自贸区、自贸港建设与国家级区域战略和国家级总体战略之间的关系。在审视与总览这些举措和国家级战略内涵及彼此关系的基础上,本文就分散于多个省市的自贸区建设和聚力于海南一省的自贸港建设的关键环节、面临的约束条件及所在区域地方政府可行的选择,做了较为系统的分析并提出了相应的资政建议。研究显示,国家级区域战略的主旨聚力于世界级城市群建设,国家级总体战略致力于构建双循环新发展格局,分散于二十多个省市区的自贸区建设从属于国家级区域战略,而海南自贸港建设则从属于国家级总体战略。因此两类自贸区面对的约束条件不尽相同。但就推动内外市场链接乃至无缝对接而言,两类自贸区所在地方政府政策选择方面则有许多相近之处。

弱势高校战略选择陷阱分析——基于对十所高校“十三五”规划指标设置及执行情况的考察

高等教育体制转轨期,弱势高校战略规划指标适切性和执行情况长期不尽如人意。战略选择频频陷入偏差或摇摆不定的迷失状态,即战略选择陷阱。研究依据非概率配额抽样法,选取十所弱势高校作为调查样本。“场域-规则-惯习”分析框架下,选择陷阱是战略竞赛的产物。弱势高校战略选择陷阱表征为战略目标选择偏差、任务选择冲突和路径选择悖论。战略选择陷阱由三股动力交织而成:战略空间负反馈不足形成的场域动力、规则供给适应性困境形成的基本动力和惯习调适能动性不佳形成的原初动力。走出战略选择陷阱,既需要外部规则致力于创建良序竞争空间,也需要弱势高校聚焦基于组织学习的战略能力提升。

网络语言伦理教育的策略选择

在深度技术化、深度媒介化的时代,网言网语成为人类文明和价值的承载体,是网民行为的生成物。提升全民网络素养,建构网络使用者和人类决策者行为的伦理和道德标准,需要进行伦理教育。教育工作的一项重要任务就是帮助人们树立善良、正直、公正等正确的价值道德标准。本文从建家校社分布式协同育人格局、大中小幼一体化教育体系建构、科普赋能于网络语言伦理教育、事前事中事后闭环式风险管理四个方面探讨网络语言伦理教育的策略选择。伦理教育的目的就是要将伦理道德准则内化于心,外化于行,以此规避伦理风险,明确伦理规则,规范伦理行为。

商业综合体消费者行为决策机制及空间优化模拟研究

商业综合体的业态组合及空间布局呈现同质化趋势,难以与电商网络背景下消费者体验式随机消费行为相匹配。研究通过分析商业综合体内消费者行为的影响因素建立离散选择模型,并运用多智能体仿真建模技术模拟空间优化策略的实施效果。针对不同类型消费者存在的消费偏好差异,通过提升品牌知名度、调整业态布局,可以有效改善商业空间的客流分布,为商业动态运营提供可视化的决策工具。

基于顾客分类的多质量等级生鲜农产品零售商定价策略

针对生鲜农产品易腐性特点,以零售商的收益最大化为目标,根据消费者选择行为对顾客进行分类,研究了零售商采用分离模式对高、低两种质量等级的生鲜农产品销售时的最优定价策略。分析结果表明,与混合销售模式相比,零售商采用分离模式销售可以获得更高收益。在分离模式下,当市场上质量偏好型顾客比例较大时,零售商可以通过提高高质量生鲜农产品的定价提高收益;当高质量生鲜农产品占比较大时,零售商可以通过降低定价获得更大收益。