Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban resilience in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

To clarify the connotations and extensions of urban resilience,this study focuses on the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle with 16 cities as research subjects.A comprehensive evaluation index system was constructed to measure the resilience of each city from 2003 to 2020.The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics were analyzed using Kernel density estimation,standard deviation ellipse,and spatial Markov chain analysis,and the spatial Tobit model was introduced to discover the influencing factors.The results indicate the following:①Urban resilience in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle displays an upward trend,with the center of gravity moving to the southwest,and the polarization phenomenon intensifying.②The urban resilience level in a region has certain spatial and geographical dependence,while the probability of urban resilience transfer differs in adjacent cities with different resilience levels.③Urban centrality,economic scale,openness level,and financial development promote urban resilience,whereas government scale significantly inhibits it.Finally,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve the urban resilience of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.

Eco-economic evolution, emergy evaluation and policy options for the sustainable development of Tibet

As economies and ecological support systems become more interdependent, new disciplines are needed to 'bridge the gap' of understanding between societies and nature. It is now clear that neither ecology nor economics alone can address the problems of our global commons. New measures of wealth, of value, of contributions and production are needed that acknowledge the 'natural capital' and 'ecosystem services' provided from healthy environments. A new interface is now being recognized termed 'eco-economics'. It is an ambitious and necessary attempt to understand the affairs of humanity and nature as a single, interdependent system. New tools are being invested to measure wealth. services and production fairly and equitably. In this report we use systems analysis approach to study the combined ecological-economic system of Tibet We use an alternative measure of value, based on real contributions to system performance, termed EMERGY, spelt with an 'M'. It is an accounting unit of total contributions, direct and indirect. used in generating a product or service. It is a concept derived from understanding whole systems, their interactions and interdependence, and the resources driving and maintaining them. This broader approach will help us to investigate Tibetan resources utilization and potentialities and exchange. Emergy analysis allows comparison and incroporation of environmental costs and benefits with variables of traditional economic costs and benefits to provide a more comprehensive perspective for public policy directives. Through this research, we think: 1) China has made a great effort in making Tibet develop from a closed regional system to a more and more opened regional system which is very important to the sustainable development of Tibet. 2) The increase of economic development and population growth has a close relationship with the total emergy storage and use in transportation. Education in modern science and technology increased the shared emergy of Tibetans to modern science and technology and stimulated the process of matching material and energy imports from outside with local resources. 3) There is great potential to develop hydropower and geothermal reserves that may stimulate not only economic development but also the better use of environment. 4) The better trained population can increase the empower of Tibet eco-economic system. Future development needs all kinds of talent exchanges with the outside system to develop education. 3) Compared with the Tibet economic system, Taiwan economic system is much more competitive. GNP and emergy use are very useful functions for comparing the competitive power of different ecological economic systems.

EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF FREE ECONOMIC ZONES——Different Generations and Structural Features

Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy.

EVOLUTION OF URBAN SYSTEM IN NEW ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES AND PLANNING COUNTERMEASURES

Urban system is the spatial reflection of the inner-deep social economic movement. New economic circumstances not only make the evolution of urban system present one brand-new landscape, but also put forward a new subject for planning of urban system. This article analyzes the properties of the traditional economic process and its essential effect on urban system; it makes a complete survey on the properties of new economic circumstances and its effect on re-forming of urban system; the complicated influential process and result are concluded into the aspects, such as new growth motive force, new economic organization, new location factor and new spatial phenomenon, and its inner effect mechanism is shown as well. In this article, the change process of urban system space is explained in four aspects: (1) dissimulation in the process of spatial agglomeration and diffusion; (2) change of “center-periphery ”effect; (3) acceleration growth of axial regions; (4) re-forming of the world and regional urban system. Based on the above theoretical analysis and the properties ＆requests of new economic circumstances, this article finally puts forward four philosophies emphasized by urban system planning, and forms the new frame for drawing-up of urban system planning.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of China’s Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

In the 21 st century, economic interdependence between countries has gradually become an important source of state power. Globalization and the rise of China’s economy have had a significant impact on other economies around the world. China’s economic influence is becoming more and more important. On the basis of the sensitivity dependence and vulnerability dependence of asymmetric interdependence theory, the economic spillover between countries is selected to construct a quantitative model to measure economic power. This paper analyzes the evolution of China’s economic power both in time and space from 2000 to 2014. Four conclusions were drawn from the study: 1) The spatial spillover effect of China’s economy on other countries has been continuously growing since the beginning of the 21 st century, which has brought about the rapid increase in China’s economic power;2) China’s economic power has been significantly strengthened both in intensity and scope, having expanded from the surrounding countries to the whole world. In 2014, China had a high amount of economic power over 18 countries from the 41 main countries in the world, compared to 2 in 2000;3) China’s power in terms of sensitivity dependence takes on an evolutionary trend from point distribution to flaky growth, and it shows a process ‘from point to line’ from the aspect of spatial diffusion. Furthermore, China’s power in terms of vulnerability dependence shows a trend that extends from the surrounding countries to European and South American countries;4) comprehensively, China’s power in terms of vulnerability dependence is higher than that of sensitivity dependence, and the spatial distribution pattern demonstrates a process from centralization to decentralization from 2000 to 2014.

Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.

A Novel Solution Based on Differential Evolution for Short-Term Combined Economic Emission Hydrothermal Scheduling

This paper presents a novel approach based on differential evolution for short-term combined economic emission hydrothermal scheduling, which is formulated as a bi-objective problem: 1) minimizing fuel cost and 2) minimizing emission cost. A penalty factor approach is employed to convert the bi-objective problem into a single objective one. In the proposed approach, heuristic rules are proposed to handle water dynamic balance constraints and heuristic strategies based on priority list are employed to repair active power balance constraints violations. A feasibility-based selection technique is also devised to handle the reservoir storage volumes constraints. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated and the test results are compared with those of other methods reported in the literature. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can obtain better-quality solutions with higher precision than any other optimization methods. Hence, the proposed method can well be extended for solving the large-scale hydrothermal sched-uling.

A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao

Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.

The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Reform and Development Governance

This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body and the Member States,is concerned with finalizing directives and future development strategies.Of course,the fundamental objective of the European Union would be to establish strategies to ensure economic growth in all the Member States of the European Union and,on the other hand,to establish how each Member State seeks to implement the European directives aimed at this end desideratum.There are a number of areas in which some countries,especially those that have joined European Union in recent waves,still have difficulty responding to the European Union’s desires and concerns to ensure economic growth,with a tendency to level the playing field trains in the next period.It aims at establishing a minimum wage in the European Union,divides a number of other issues in the field of environment,in the field of economic development,being important challenges for all Member States.Of course,it should be noted that these Member States have different possibilities to respond to these challenges,through strategies that correlate,on the one hand,the individual interests of each of the Member States,but at the same time,in close coordination(correlation)with the major objectives set by the European Union.All these aspects are important,but must be reconsidered,in the context of the global effect of the pandemic and financial-economic crisis.The European Union is now considering a program to support all states,but especially those most affected by the above-mentioned crisis.

An Improved Differential Evolution Whale Algorithm for Economic Load Distribution

An improved optimization algorithm combining the differential evolution algorithm and the whale algorithm is proposed for the problem of not being able to get rid of the local optimum in the economic load distribution algorithm. The algorithm adopts a nonlinear convergence strategy, a crossover strategy of differential evolution and the introduction of an elimination mechanism, which balances the global search and local exploitation ability of the algorithm and improves the accuracy of the solved optimal solution. The 13-unit and 40-unit systems are selected for economic load distribution calculation, and the experimental results show that the proposed improved algorithm is superior in distributing the economic load of the power system and can effectively reduce the economic cost.

Analysis of economic operation of China's apparel industry

2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. To China’s apparel industry, 2018 was a year full of challenges, changes and tests. Faced with the volatile international situ-ations and the tremendous pressure of the domestic structural adjustment, China’s apparel industry had maintained an overall steady development momentum characterized by steady performance on the domestic and foreign sales market, steady improvement of the operation quality and efficiency, improvement of transformation and upgrade effects, regardless of gathering crises and uncertainties.

Economic Evolution Despite a slowdown in growth, China remains a major influence on the global economy

Stock traders in New York,factory workers in Shenzhen,freight companies in Seoul,technology and retail companies in Hangzhou and luxury fashion executives in ParEs all have one thing in common.The state of the Chinese economy matters to them.

Economic recovery in Greater China—Surveys in Hong Kong and China's Mainland predict a positive outlook for both economies

Two surveys conducted in Hong Kong and China's Mainland reveal predictions of a quick recovery ahead for both economies.The surveys were conducted by CPA Australia,with the Hong Kong survey jointly sponsored by Deloitte China and CPA Australia’s Hong Kong China division.

中国省域经济韧性与生态效率测度及其协同演化分析

统筹经济韧性与生态效率间的动态平衡关系是实现区域可持续发展的重要抓手。以中国30个省份为研究对象,采用组合权重模型、全局非期望超效率SBM模型分别测度国内省级区域适应性循环理论与驱动-压力-状态-响应(DPSR)模型分析框架下的经济韧性、投入产出理论下的生态效率,并通过改进的哈肯模型刻画经济韧性与生态效率间的协同演化特征。结果表明:(1)经济韧性能力在样本观测期内显著上升,区域差异明显扩张,南北区域发展不平衡,存在一定的“东-中-东北-西”阶梯效应。(2)生态效率水平总体呈下降的趋势,区域差异历经“扩张-缩小-再扩张”变化,存在显著性阶梯失衡现象,空间呈“沿海-内陆”递减分布。(3)经济韧性与生态效率的协同演化历经稳定、下降及稳定三阶段,区域间基本不存在阶梯性失衡现象,经济韧性作为协同演化的序参量,主导区域可持续发展。

海洋渔业碳排放效率的时空演变及影响因素——以北部海洋经济圈为例

促进海洋渔业低碳化、绿色化、可持续发展既是海洋生态文明建设要求,也是促进海洋经济高质量发展的重要手段。从碳排与碳汇视角核算海洋渔业碳排放,采用超效率SBM模型测算2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放效率,并借助STIRPAT模型分析海洋渔业碳排放效率影响因素。结果显示:(1)2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放量不断上升;海洋渔业碳排放量区域差异较大;海洋渔业碳排放增长率的变化趋势较为一致。(2)海洋渔业碳排放效率总体水平不高,呈现缓慢下降—波动上升—波动下降变化态势;各项效率指数均具有一定波动性;分地区看,山东整体明显高于河北、辽宁和天津。(3)海洋渔业科技水平是海洋渔业碳排放效率最主要影响因素,海洋渔业规模、海洋经济规模、对外开放程度、海洋产业结构是重要影响因素。

数字金融与区域经济发展的耦合协调性测度及其动态演进

以中国八大综合经济区为例,运用耦合协调度模型分析数字金融对区域经济发展的耦合协调关系,并基于Dagum基尼系数与Kernel核密度揭示数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调关系的地区差异及动态演进规律。结果表明:八大综合经济区的经济发展水平总体呈现稳定增长态势,具有“东高西低”阶梯形的异质性和阶段性特征;数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调发展水平逐年提升,八大综合经济区普遍由失调阶段跨入协调阶段;数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调关系存在明显的地区差异,沿海经济区的协调水平明显高于内陆经济区,但地区间协调程度的差距呈现逐渐缩小的演进态势。

数字金融与经济高质量发展:双向赋能还是单向驱动——基于时空交互视角

本文以中国30个省份为研究对象,应用耦合协调度模型考察数字金融与经济高质量发展耦合协调时空演变特征,刻画两者相互影响、相互作用的典型事实后,构建空间联立方程模型研究数字金融与经济高质量发展的交互作用。研究发现:数字金融与经济高质量发展存在耦合协调关系,时序演化上两者耦合协调度呈现稳定上升趋势,且表现出区域间的差异性和收敛性,但仍存在较大提升空间;空间演变上表现为明显的“分散→聚集”特征。在本地内,数字金融与经济高质量发展已形成双向赋能的良性循环,数字金融赋能经济高质量发展存在“中部>西部>东部”的强度差异,经济高质量发展赋能数字金融的提质效应明显高于增量效应。在邻域内,仅存在着数字金融对经济高质量发展的单向驱动作用,暂未实现双向赋能。

地理探测器方法下长江经济带(江苏段)土地城镇化时空演变及驱动因子分析

定量分析土地城镇化时空演变驱动力可为城市可持续发展提供科学依据。本文将对地观测数据与人口、经济数据相结合,以长江经济带(江苏段)沿江8市为例,基于2000—2020年5期Landsat影像、夜间灯光影像、年末人口总数和GDP,采用GeDetector对其近20年间空间、人口及经济维度的演化及多尺度分化的进程进行探讨,分析土地城镇化时空演变规律及驱动因子。研究结果表明:(1)城镇化过程直接驱动地表类型的变化,且人口数量和GDP总量能够作为城镇化过程强度的定量指标;(2)夜间灯光(NTL)数据耦合人口或经济统计数据能够较好解释区域城镇化过程中的时空差异;(3)长江经济带(江苏段)沿江8市城镇化过程经历了由数量向质量的转变。研究结果为引导城镇建设用地合理配置提供科学依据,为城市可持续发展提供决策参考。

我国粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展耦合协调的时空演化分析

利用2006—2020年中国31个省级行政区面板数据,在分析我国粮食仓储设施建设综合水平的基础上,对粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展耦合协调的时空演变特征进行研究,得出以下结论:在研究期内,我国粮食仓储设施建设综合评价值波动上升,空间上呈东高西低态势;粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的耦合协调度偏低,呈上升-下降-上升趋势;耦合协调度的空间关联性自2009年开始逐渐显著,空间集聚程度呈北高南低的态势,空间演变格局具有向东北方向移动的集聚态势。根据研究结论,建议未来因地制宜提升不同省份粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的协调匹配程度,以高耦合协调度地区带动周边地区发展,实现全国范围内粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的协调进步。