Impact of BRICS Trade Facilitation on China's Exports Using Cross-Border E-Commerce

With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.

CGE Model Measures Carbon Duty's Impact on China's Exports

Carbon-motivated border tax adjustment is a unilateral international trade policy aimed at compensating for the loss ofcompetitiveness of carbon-intensive products due to carbon dioxide abatement actions.It violates fundamental principlesof the UNFCCC and potentially conflicts with the core WTO principle of non-discrimination as reflected in the GATTArticle Ⅰ and Article Ⅲ.Based on an analysis of carbon emissions embodied in China’s industrial exports,this paperevaluates with a recursive dynamic CGE model the potential impacts of the carbon duty on China’s industrial production,exports and employment.The results of a simulation show that with a tariff rate of US＄30 or US＄60 per ton of carbon,theoutput of China’s industrial sectors would decline by 0.62-1.22 percent,exports by 3.53-6.95 percent,and employment by1.22-2.39 percent.The authors suggest several measures of alleviating the impacts of carbon duty and put forward a carbonduty policy based on carbon consumption per capita as a countermeasure.

Cross-border E-commerce and China's Exports during the COVID-19 Pandemic

China's exports experienced a rapid recovery after the outbreak of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.A primary engine was cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)trade,which bucked the downward export trend during the pandemic.By exploring the variation in the number of CBEC comprehensive pilot zones across provinces,we identified the causal impact of CBEC on exports using monthly province-product-destination data for 2019 and 2020.We found strong and robust evidence that CBEC contributed to exports during the pandemic by promoting the expansion of incumbent exports(intensive margin)rather than through the expansion of product categories and exporting partners(extensive margin).Specifically,higher pandemic risk suppressed the role of CBEC at the intensive margin while enhancing it at the extensive margin.Exports to developed countries benefited more from CBEC,both intensively and extensively.Compared with final products,a larger number of intermediate products were exported through CBEC after the outbreak of the pandemic.

Does the Domestic Value Added Induced by China's Exports Really Belong to China?

Since 2001, the exports of foreign-invested enterprises （FIEs） have accounted for more than 50percent of China＇s total exports. As foreign capital occupies a high proportion of the total capital of FIEs, most FIEs ＇ capital gains are foreign factor income. Although these gains are calculated as apart of China＇s GDP, they do not belong to China＇s national income. To determine the real contribution of exports to China ＂s welfare, the present paper analyses the impact of exports on China ＂s national income using a non-competitive input output model capturing processing trade. The results show that every US$1000 of China＇s exports generates US$506.8 of national income. The real contribution of exports to China ＂s welfare is much smaller than what we expected. This suggests that China should endeavor to improve the gains from international markets orfind another engine to maintain its economic growth.

Income and Price Elasticities of China's Exports

The appearance of new product varieties and improvements in the quality of goods have both played key roles in the rapid growth of China＇s exports. However, these two important elements have not been formally integrated into the demand equations for China＇s exports. As we demonstrate in this paper, income elasticity will be underestimated if new varieties of goods and quality improvements are omitted in price index and quantity index calculations, which are necessary for estimating the export demand function. Moreover, the faster new product varieties enter export markets, the greater the underestimation will be. In this paper, we develop an export demand equation that takes into account newproduct varieties and improvements in quality, and then calculate the demand function for China＇s exports using the data from 1992 to 2006. According to our estimation, the short-term income elasticity of demand for China ＂s exports is approximately 2.34, and the short-term price elasticity is approximately-0. 65. Our estimation predicts an increase in China＇s export value in the case of an RMB appreciation or export rebate rates reduction in the short term, due to the low price elasticity of China＇s exports, whose absolute value is less than 1. Our findings are novel and could have significant policy implications.

Driving Force of China's Agricultural Exports to Japan

Japan is the largest export destination for Chinese agricultural products. The export status to Japan is directly related to the overall trend of China's agricultural exports. Based on the HS9-coded agricultural product trade data of the Japanese Ministry of Finance in 2001-2017,using the ternary marginal analysis method,the driving force of China's agricultural exports to Japan was analyzed in this paper from a static and dynamic perspective. The results showed that 98. 89% of the driving force of China's agricultural exports to Japan was from the contribution of quantity margin. The contribution of the extensive margin had been decreasing year by year after 2006,and it has been negative for many years. The reason was that technical barriers such as the Positive List System lead to less export of agricultural product in varieties and types. The average marginal contribution rate of price was 8. 26%. The average price of exported agricultural products has been basically higher than the world average level since 2013,suggesting that the quality of exported agricultural products has been improved. While maintaining the quantity of agricultural exports,improving the quality of agricultural products,expanding export varieties and increasing export value added are the sources of sustainable growth of China's agricultural exports in the future.

China's Imports and Exports Have Maintained Rapid Growth

Imports and exports In the period of January-October,Chinese imports and exports have maintained rapid growth,the structure has continued to be optimized,the transformation of growth drivers has been accelerated,the quality and efficiency have improved,and momentum of steady growth has been further consolidated.

Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports Situation

China＇s oil import dependence had risen to 72% in 2017, while its net imports of various oil products, including crude oil, refined oil, liquefied petroleum gas （LPG） and other products, had climbed to 418.8 million tons, an increase by10.7% over 2016. China＇s crude oil import reached 420 million tons, surpassed the United States for the first time, and China had become the biggest crude oil importing country in the world. Net export of the rejqned oil, mainly the diesel, continued to increase to 22.7 million tons, as driven by the oversupply situation of the domestic market. Last year, China＇s LPG import was 18.45 million tons, but its growth was diminishing. Oil price would continue to rise in 2018, while the domestic demand of refined oil would be maintained at a lower rate of growth. However, driving by new refining capacities to be brought online, it is estimated that the crude oil import would still be increased remarkably. LPG import would reach a new high due to the growth potential and strong demand for feedstocks in the petrochemical product market.

How can technology and efficiency alleviate the dilemma of economic growth and carbon emissions in China's industrial economy? A metafrontier decoupling decomposition analysis

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO_(2) emissions(ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during2000-2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market.

China's Exports of Mechano-electrical Products in 1997

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China's Maritime Governance:Practical Evolution and Theoretical Construction

Increasingly engaged in maritime governance,China has developed its distinct vision and gradually established a complete theoretical system surrounding it.In terms of discourse,China has proposed a collection of concepts and ideas including a maritime community with a shared future,the 2lst Century Maritime Silk Road,Blue Partnerships,and marine ecological civilization.In terms of connotations,China champions such values as lasting peace,common prosperity,openness and inclusiveness,and cleanness and beautifulness.Exteriorly and interiorly,we can observe the unique character of China's vision concerning maritime governance,which will continue to upgrade and bear fruit in future practices,boosting the development of Chinese maritime governance theories,multilateral maritime cooperation,and ocean-related international legislation.Guided by its vision,China is expected to contribute more to global maritime security and marine ecological civilization.

Multi-scenario Simulation and Spatial-temporal Analysis of LUCC in China's Coastal Zone Based on Coupled SD-FLUS Model

Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.

China's Textile and Apparel Exports to US Increases 1.53 percent in 2009

2009 was a disappointing year to export sector. In January to November of 2009, China’s textile and garment exports fell by 11.02percent year on year to US $154.12 billion,

China:In the fourth quarter of 2023,exports of yarn and fabric to ASEAN ceased declining and rebounded

On January 8th,the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles released data showing that in the fourth quarter,China’s textile and clothing exports gradually stabilised.The proportion of intermediate exports in textile and clothing exports continued to rise,providing a new impetus for the substantial expansion of exports to traditional markets and international supply chain cooperation.

China's rare earth import and export analysis in the 1st half of 2024

1.Export situation from January to June 20241.1 Overall export situation of rare earth products Export value of rare earth products showed a wholistic down trend affected by the continuousdecline in rare earth prices in the first half year,however,export volume increased.According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs,from January to June 2024,China's cumulative export of rare earth products was 29,095 tons,an increase of 11%year-on-year,with a cumulative export value of 256 million US dollars,a decrease of 43% year-on-year,Figure 1.