How can technology and efficiency alleviate the dilemma of economic growth and carbon emissions in China's industrial economy? A metafrontier decoupling decomposition analysis

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO_(2) emissions(ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during2000-2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market.

MTTSNet:Military time-sensitive targets stealth network via real-time mask generation

The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time-sensitive Targets Stealth Network via Real-time Mask Generation(MTTSNet).According to our knowledge,this is the first technology to automatically remove military targets in real-time from videos.The critical steps of MTTSNet are as follows:First,we designed a real-time mask generation network based on the encoder-decoder framework,combined with the domain expansion structure,to effectively extract mask images.Specifically,the ASPP structure in the encoder could achieve advanced semantic feature fusion.The decoder stacked high-dimensional information with low-dimensional information to obtain an effective mask layer.Subsequently,the domain expansion module guided the adaptive expansion of mask images.Second,a context adversarial generation network based on gated convolution was constructed to achieve background restoration of mask positions in the original image.In addition,our method worked in an end-to-end manner.A particular semantic segmentation dataset for military time-sensitive targets has been constructed,called the Military Time-sensitive Target Masking Dataset(MTMD).The MTMD dataset experiment successfully demonstrated that this method could create a mask that completely occludes the target and that the target could be hidden in real time using this mask.We demonstrated the concealment performance of our proposed method by comparing it to a number of well-known and highly optimized baselines.

Ultra reliability and massive connectivity provision in integrated internet of military things(IoMT)based on tactical datalink

One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.

Multi-scenario Simulation and Spatial-temporal Analysis of LUCC in China's Coastal Zone Based on Coupled SD-FLUS Model

Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.

China's Maritime Governance:Practical Evolution and Theoretical Construction

Increasingly engaged in maritime governance,China has developed its distinct vision and gradually established a complete theoretical system surrounding it.In terms of discourse,China has proposed a collection of concepts and ideas including a maritime community with a shared future,the 2lst Century Maritime Silk Road,Blue Partnerships,and marine ecological civilization.In terms of connotations,China champions such values as lasting peace,common prosperity,openness and inclusiveness,and cleanness and beautifulness.Exteriorly and interiorly,we can observe the unique character of China's vision concerning maritime governance,which will continue to upgrade and bear fruit in future practices,boosting the development of Chinese maritime governance theories,multilateral maritime cooperation,and ocean-related international legislation.Guided by its vision,China is expected to contribute more to global maritime security and marine ecological civilization.

Pushing the frontiers of military medical excellence:updates,progress and future needs

Since its establishment in 2014,Military Medical Research has come a long way in becoming a premier journal for scientific articles from various different specialties,with a special emphasis on topics with military relevance.The field of military medicine may be obscure,and may not be readily encountered by the typical clinician on a day-today basis.This journal aims not only to pursue excellence in military research,but also to keep current with the latest advancements on general medical topics from each and every specialty.This editorial serves to recap and synthesize the existing progress,updates and future needs of military medical excellence,discussing foremostly the unique traits of literature published in this journal,and subsequently presenting the discourse regarding wartime and peacetime medicine,the role of the military in a public health emergency,as well as wound healing and organ regeneration.Special attention has been devoted to military topics to shed light on the effects of Chemical,Biological,Radiological and Explosive warfare,environmental medicine and military psychiatry,topics which rarely have a chance to be discussed elsewhere.The interconnectedness between military combat and soldier physical and mental well-being is intricate,and has been distorted by pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This journal has come a long way since its first article was published,steadily contributing to the existing knowledge pool on general medical topics with a military slant.Only with continuous research and sharing,can we build upon the work of the scientific community,with hopes for the betterment of patient care.

Research of vibrations effect on hydraulic valves in military vehicles

The paper discusses minimizing the effect of external mechanical vibration on hydraulic valves in different military hydraulic drive systems.The current research work presents an analysis of the potential to reduce vibration on the valve casing by installing a valve flexibly on a vibrating surface,i.e.,by introducing a material with known stiffness and damping characteristics between the valve casing and the vibrating surface-a steel spring package or special cushions made of elastomer material or of oilresistant rubber.The article also demonstrates that elastomer cushions placed inside the valve casingbetween the casing and the centering springs-can be used as a supplementary or alternative solution in the analyzed method for mitigating the transfer of vibrations.By using materials with appropriately selected elastic and dissipative properties,the effectiveness of vibro-isolation can be increased.The presented theoretical analyzes by linear and non-linear mathematical models have been verified experimentally.

Cenozoic giant coal-bearing basin belt discovered in China's sea and its adjacent areas

Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.

Lethal means and suicide prevention among military veterans

Dear Editor,Suicide amongst the military veteran population is a significant publichealthproblemintheUnitedStates.TheNational VeteranSuicidePreventionAnnualReportrevealedthat6261 died by suicide in 2019[1]. The lingering effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may account for an increase in veteran suicide rates[1].

Could Military Commanders’ Good LeadershipInfluence Subordinates’ Smartphone Overdependence? A Serial Mediation Analysis

Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematicside effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying thepotentially self-damaging use of smartphones. Here, we address this question by analyzing how heterogeneity in commander’sgood leadership explains subordinate soldiers’ differences in self-control and smartphone use. Specifically, we found thatsubordinate soldiers who thought their commander's leadership was good were self-regulated, less dependent on smartphones,less stressed, and finally had good mental health. This result indicates that commander’s good leadership can be used toestimate whether subordinate soldiers exert control over their impulses and use their smartphones properly. Thus, the currentfindings help to identify external factors that lead to a better understanding of problematic smartphone use and can potentiallyhelp to design appropriate preventive mechanisms or interventions that target commander’s good leadership.

Epidemio-Clinical Profile of Psychotrauma in Military Victims of Terrorists Attacks in Benin in December 2021

Introduction: In December 2021, Beninese soldiers were victims of armed terrorist attacks. This study aims to determine the psychological impact of the events experienced on the victims in order to better prevent post-traumatic stress disorder. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 13 to 14, 2021, i.e. 12 days after the oldest event and 4 days after the most recent. The experience of the event was assessed with the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and the Peritraumatic Dissociation Experiences Questionnaire. Symptoms experienced in the hours and days after the event were assessed with the Revised Event Impact Scale. Results: 36 soldiers were included out of the 38 survivors, i.e. 94.73%. They were 51.43% victims of the night assault, 37.14% of the ambush on patrol and 11.43% of the explosion of vehicle on mine, all male. The average age was 31 years with extremes of 25 and 49 years. The 25 - 30 year olds predominated, 52.78%. 100% of soldiers had significant peritraumatic dissociation, of which 94.44% also had significant peritraumatic distress. 100% of the soldiers had manifestations of intrusion, 89% of manifestations of avoidance and 83% of manifestations of hyperexcitation. 88.89% had an index for acute stress including 100% of victims of night assault and vehicle explosion on mine. Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of peritraumatic reactions, recognized factors favoring post-traumatic stress disorder, and the interest of their evaluation for medical and psychological help adapted to the victims.

Masquelet technique in military practice:specificities and future directions for combat-related bone defect reconstruction

Because of its simplicity,reliability,and replicability,the Masquelet induced membrane technique(IMT)has become one of the preferred methods for critical bone defect reconstruction in extremities.Although it is now used worldwide,few studies have been published about IMT in military practice.Bone reconstruction is particularly challenging in this context of care due to extensive soft-tissue injury,early wound infection,and even delayed management in austere conditions.Based on our clinical expertise,recent research,and a literature analysis,this narrative review provides an overview of the IMT application to combat-related bone defects.It presents technical specificities and future developments aiming to optimize IMT outcomes,including for the management of massive multi-tissue defects or bone reconstruction performed in the field with limited resources.

High risk for obstructive sleep apnea and risk of hypertension in military personnel: The CHIEF sleep study

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed an association between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and hypertension in the general population,while the association in military personnel was rarely investigated.AIM To examine the association between high risk for OSA and hypertension by phenotypes in military young adults.METHODS A total of 746 military personnel,aged 27.9 years,were included in the cardiorespiratory fitness and health in armed forces(CHIEF)-sleep study in Taiwan in 2020.Antihypertensive medications were not used by the subjects.High risk for OSA was assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire.Hypertension was defined using the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Pressure(JNC 7)and the 2017 American College of Cardiology(ACC)/American Heart Association(AHA)guidelines.The cutoff levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SBP and DBP)for the 2017 ACC/AHA-and JNC 7-based guidelines were 130/140 mmHg and 80/90 mmHg,respectively.Hypertension phenotypes included isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension(ISH,high SBP only and IDH,high DBP only)and combined hypertension(both high SBP and DBP).Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for demographics,lifestyle and metabolic biomarkers.RESULTS The prevalence of high risk for OSA,JNC 7-based hypertension and 2017 ACC/AHA-based hypertension were 8.0%,5.2%and 22.0%,respectively.Those with a high risk for OSA had a higher probability of JNC 7-based overall and combined hypertension(odds ratios(ORs))and 95%confidence intervals:2.82(1.07-7.42)and 7.54(1.10-51.54),although the probabilities of ISH and IDH were unaffected by a high risk for OSA(ORs:1.96 and 2.35,respectively,both P>0.05).In contrast,no associations for any hypertension phenotypes were found according to the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria.CONCLUSION A high risk for OSA was associated with severe hypertension and combined hypertension among Asian military young adults.

A Panorama of the Urological Diseases at the Former Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou

Background: Urological care has been advancing quickly over the last ten years in Benin. In order to conveniently support that trend towards better urological care standards, decision-makers need sound data on urological diseases in the country. Objective: To determine the prevalence of urological diseases in the former Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Patients and Method: We retrospectively collected the urological diseases that the institution had managed from January 2012 to December 2020. We used Excel© 2010 and SPSS© to analyze the collected data. Results: 4244 patients, i.e. 3717 males (87.58%) and 527 females (12.42%) were managed during the study period. The main diseases diagnosed were benign prostatic hyperplasia (32.61%, n = 1384), erectile dysfunction (10.44%, n = 443), chronic prostatitis (5.94%, n = 252), prostate cancer (4.03%, n = 171), and ejaculatory disorders (3.44%, n = 146). In patients ≤ 15 years, predominant diseases were peritoneal vaginal canal (15.9%, n = 43), circumcision (15.6%, n = 42), testicular dystopia (10.7%, n = 29), hydrocele (7.8%, n = 21), and hypospadias (5.6%, n = 15). Wilms tumor (1.9%, n = 5) was the first cancer, testicular (0.4%, n = 1) and para-testicular (0.4%, n = 1) tumors were the next. In patients > 15 and ≤40 years, the main diseases were infertility (14.1%, n = 189), chronic prostatitis (12.9%, n = 173), erectile dysfunction (10.1%, n = 135), ejaculatory disorders (6.2%, n = 83), genital infections (6.2%, n = 83) and urinary stone (4.9%, n = 66). The first cancer was kidney cancer (0.97%, n = 13) followed by bladder cancer (0.3%, n = 4) and testicular tumor (0.3%, n = 4). In patients >40 years, the most prevalent diseases were BPH (52.0%, n = 1370), erectile dysfunction (11.7%, n = 308), prostate cancer (6.5%, n = 171), inguinal hernia (5.1%, n = 134), and urinary stone (3.9%, n = 102). Prostate cancer is the first cancer;the next were bladder (0.95%, n = 25) and kidney (0.68%, n = 18) cancers. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urological cancers (prostate, bladder and kidney cancers) were the main urological diseases at the former Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Urological malformations and Wilms tumor were the main diseases in the children.

Discursive Construction of Chinese Military Image in the British Media

This study takes the image of China’s military as c onstructed in the British media’s military coverage of China as an object of study,and creates two reference corpora for comparative research.It is used to better analyse and compare the ideologies hidden in the British media’s coverage of China’s milita ry.From the analysis of the corpus,it is concluded that due to China’s rapid military and economic development,Western countries have developed a sense of crisis and have used media reports to instigate China’s foreign relations and mislead public think ing.

联合全域作战态势下对战伤救治能力建设需求的思考

21世纪初,以人工智能为代表的颠覆性技术的突破与创新深刻影响了人类社会的发展,也成为引领全球新军事变革的核心组成部分。挽救伤员生命与技术创新是军事医学发展的原动力。如何在新的作战样式和态势下成功救治伤病员,是军事医学必须回答的问题。联合全域作战是一种全新的军事理念,代表着未来作战样式的发展方向,对未来战争具有很强的战略指导意义,也对战伤救治提出了更高的要求。“白金10分钟,黄金1小时”是战场一线救治时效的根本法则,战伤救治必须服务于联合全域作战需求与勤务要求。本文就联合全域作战态势下战伤救治能力建设的需求问题进行初步探讨。

复杂战场环境下改进YOLOv5军事目标识别算法研究

复杂战场环境下军事目标识别技术是提升战场情报获取能力的基础和关键。针对当前军事目标识别技术在复杂战场环境下漏检误检率高、实时性差等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5模型的PB-YOLO军事目标识别算法。将改进的目标识别算法对于陆战场军事单元的识别锚框进行重新聚类,以提升模型对于目标大小适应度,加速模型收敛;采用通道-空间并行注意力机制,增加模型对复杂战场环境下目标特征信息与位置信息关注度;在特征融合网络部分使用BiFPN以提升模型对于特征的融合能力与速度;采用Alpha_IoU损失函数加速模型收敛,解决当真实框与预测框重合时IoU计算退化问题。实验结果表明,在自建军事目标数据集下,改进算法与主流目标识别算法相比,在保证模型空间复杂度的同时,mAP值达到了90.17%。消融实验对比结果表明,改进后网络较原模型精度提升11.57%,具有较好的识别性能,能够为战场情报获取提供有效的技术支撑。

军事作业环境下应激性失眠的研究现状及防治分析

睡眠是维持人体正常功能所必需的状态,与生理心理健康关系密切。应激性失眠属于急性失眠范畴,多由各种应激因素刺激引起,常伴有睡眠质量下降、夜间易醒等临床表现。面对战争和(或)非战争军事任务的多重考验,军人容易发生应激性失眠。某学者调查的部队官兵睡眠障碍发生率高达37.99%,已严重影响官兵身心健康和军事效能。目前,军事医学睡眠研究中应激性失眠的相关研究报道和文献综述较少。了解应激性失眠的研究现状和如何有效防治各种应激因素下导致的军人应激性失眠是当前军事医学睡眠研究的重要课题。本研究对军事作业环境下应激性失眠的发生机制、影响因素、现状分析、预防和治疗等做一综述,为军人应激性失眠的相关研究提供一定的参考,以期促进军事医学睡眠领域的发展。

基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱色彩设计方法

军用座舱色彩设计作为载人军事设备工业设计中较为主观的一部分,设计的合理性至关重要。为提高军用座舱色彩设计的科学性,提出一种基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱配色方法。利用深度表征学习模型预测军用座舱配色方案,并根据色彩感知理论建立军用座舱配色模型,将其作为生成方案的限制条件。同时,引入交互式遗传算法到智能配色系统中,通过人工引导的方式优化神经网络的参数,对预测的配色方案进行有效迭代。实验结果表明:该方法生成的配色方案符合军用座舱配色模型,结合遗传算法的模型预测准确率比单一的深度表征模型提高了16%~18%。相较于人工色彩设计方案,军用座舱智能配色方法生成的方案满意度略优、设计周期缩短了80%~88%,色彩稳定性提高了6%~12%。