Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Increasing Anthropogenic Mercury Pollution over the Last 200 Years Revealed by Lagoonal Sediments from Hainan Island,South China

The toxic heavy metal mercury(Hg)has significantly enhanced the global Hg cycle influenced by human activities over the last century.In this study,we presented a high-resolution Hg deposition history between∼1780 and 2015 AD in a sediment core from Xincun Lagoon,located in the southeastern Hainan Island,South China,and analyzed it in conjunction with geochemical elements,grain-size distribution,organic matter,and HYSPLIT backward trajectory simulation.The objective was to investigate the influencing factors affecting historical Hg deposition in relatively remote regions and assess the extent of the effects of natural background and human activities.The results showed that the Hg in the sediment was deposited primarily through atmospheric deposition,which was closely related to regional and even global human activities.Anthropogenic Hg contamination increased gradually from the 1830s to 1850s,possibly due to Hg emissions from Opium Wars I and II occurring in southeastern China.High broad peaks of anthropogenic Hg were observed during the 1910s to 1950s and in the 1980s,likely associated with the two world wars and modern Chinese wars.In addition,a further sharp increase in anthropogenic Hg from the mid-1970s to the present occurred,likely originating from the intense industrial activities in China triggered by the reform and opening-up policy of China in 1978 and some countries in Southeast Asia.

Feedback between tidal hydrodynamics and morphological changes induced by natural process and human interventions in a wave-dominated tidal inlet: Xiaohai, Hainan, China

The feedback between morphological evolution and tidal hydrodynamics in a wave-dominated tidal inlet, Xiaohai, China is investigated through data analysis and numerical model experiments. Historically, Xiaohai Inlet had two openings, located at the north and south of Neizhi Island （a rocky outcrop）, respectively. The evolution of Xiaohai Inlet was dominated by the natural process before 1972. In addition to the natural process, human interventions, including the closure of the north opening, 50% of freshwater reduction, and increase of land reclamation, have altered tidal hydrodynamics and morphological evolution since 1972. A series of numerical model simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of morphological changes on the hydrodynamics and the influence of human activities on the inlet evolution. The natural process has caused narrowing and shoaling of the inlet throat, development of the flood-tidal delta, and shoaling of the tidal channel inside the lagoon. Human interventions have accelerated these changes. Consequently, the tidal propagation from the offshore into the lagoon has been impeded and the tidal energy has been dissipated substantially. Tidal current has changed from ebb-dominant to flood-dominant in most parts of the inlet system whereas the inlet throat has remained as ebb-dominant, the tidal prism has decreased consistently, and sediment has continued to deposit inside the inlet. As a result, the changes of morphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport show a positive feedback. The human interventions have had both advantageous and adverse influences on the stability of the inlet. The closure of the North Opening has decreased the longshore sediment input to the inlet, and increased the tidal prism, ebb velocity, and sediment transport in the south opening, thus enhancing the inlet＇s stability. However, reducing the river discharge and landfill of the tidal flats has resulted in a decrease of the tidal prism, the ebb velocity, and the ability to export sediment, thus having the tendency to deteriorate the inlet＇s stability. A stability analysis based on a closure curve methodology has shown that Xiaohai Inlet is in a state of dynamic equilibrium at present.

Effects and mechanism of igneous rock on selenium in the tropical soil-rice system in Hainan Province, South China

To illuminate the migration and transformation of selenium(Se)in the igneous rock-soil-rice system,285 pairs of rhizosphere soil and rice samples were collected from the granitoid and basalt areas in Hainan Province,South China.The contents of Se in soils derived from granitoid and basalt are,respectively,0.19±0.12 mg/kg and 0.34±0.39 mg/kg,which are much higher than Se contents in granitoid and basalt.Selenium shows remarkable enrichment from granitoid and basalt to soils.The mobile fraction of Se in soils derived from granitoid is 0.0100±0.0034 mg/kg,which is significantly higher than that of basalt(0.0058±0.0039 mg/kg).Although soil derived from basalt shows higher Se contents,Se contents in rice samples,mobile fractions of Se in soils,and biological concentration factor(BCF)is similar or even lower than that from granitoid.Basalt consist of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene,and are much richer in Fe,Al,and Ca than granitoid.Correspondingly,the basalt-derived soils have higher goethite,hematite,kaolinite,cation exchange capacity(CEC)content,and higher p H than the granitoid-derived soils,which result in higher adsorption capacity for Se and relatively lower Se bioavailability.Soils derived from granitoid and basalt in tropical regions are beneficial to produce Se-rich rice.

MARINE FOULING IN OFFSHORE AREAS EAST OF HAINAN ISLAND, NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

This paper reports on results of the investigation of marine biofouling on offshore structures east of Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. Two buoy investigation stations were deployed in Qiongdong (W1, 68 n miles offshore) and southern Qiongdong (J2, 23 n miles offshore) waters, respectively. At both sites, water depths were more than 100 meters. Test panels on iron frames were placed at 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m below the seawater surface, and exposed for 8 months from October 1989 to June 1990. The results indicated that hydroids, gooseneck barnacles and oysters were the most important fouling species in these offshore areas. Acorn barnacles were mainly found at Station J2. The maximum fouling accumulations were observed in near surface waters. Substantial reduction of biomass and species diversity occurred with increasing depth and distance from shore. Sources of fouling organisms and influences of environmental factors on the species distributions are discussed in this paper.

The Late Palaeozoic Rifting on Hainan Island, China

There occurred rifting on Hainan Island in the Late Palaeozoic. Bimodal volcanic rocks composed ofbasalt and rhyolite developed in the Carboniferous. Widespread in the Late Palaeozoic formations are severallayers of fluvial intermontane conglomerates whose distribution is controlled by rift faults. The Late Palaeozoicdeposits dominaled by clastic rocks are, for a major part, of marine facies and of continental facies in the lowerand upper parts. Lithological and lithochemical studies indicate that the detrital rocks were formed in atectonic setting of continental rifting. The evolution of the rifting terminated at the stage of transition form anintra continental rift to an intercontinental one and the rift basin was a bay opening westward to the sea.

A new species of Phyllochaetopterus Grube,1863(Polychaeta:Chaetopteridae)from Hainan Island,South China Sea

Phyllochaetopterus species are widely distributed on the coast of China.Here,Phyllochaetopterus hainanensis n.sp.,a new species collected from Hainan Island(China),is reported.It is characterized by having a V-shaped peristomium,two eyespots covered by a pair of large curved peristomial notopodia(cirri located beneath the palps),13-14 chaetigers in the anterior body region,with three enlarged modified chaetae on the fourth notopodium,and more than five chaetigers in the middle body region.The modified chaeta has a slightly inflated head with an obliquely truncate end.The new species resembles Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparede,1869,but differs in the shape of peristomial notopodia and peristomium.Twelve species of Phyllochaetopterus have been described from the Pacific Ocean,including the new species described here.An identification key to the known Pacific species is provided together with a brief discussion of the taxonomic value of the eyespots for the genus.

Pulling Vs. Pushing:Effect of Climatic Factors on Periodical Fluctuation of Russian and South Korean Tourist Demand in Hainan Island,China

While climate is an important factor attracting tourists to certain destinations,it can also motivate people residing in a country with a harsh climate to move to another location.By applying X-12 decompositions and a panel data regression analysis,this study analyzes the pull and push effects of climatic seasonal factors between destination(Hainan Island,China) and source countries(Russia and South Korea).The findings show that climatic seasonal factors have significant pulling and pushing effects on seasonal patterns of tourism demand,with temperature being the main factor.Furthermore,the number of paid vacation days in the source country affects that country's sensitivity to climatic seasonal factors;countries with a higher numbers of paid vacation days are more sensitive to climatic conditions.Lastly,future global warming may causes the aforementioned pull and push effects to abate,which will have an unavoidable influence on tourism industries.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY SALTICIDAE FROM HAINAN,CHINA

The present paper deals with three new species of the family Salticidae collected from Mount Jianfengling, Hainan, China. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1. Laufeia proszynskii sp. nov. (figs.1-2) Holotype, Mount Jianfengling (18°7′N, 108°8′E), rain forest, May 3,1982.

LAND USE STRATEGIES IN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OF CHINA:THE CASE STUDY OF HAINAN PROVINCE

Special economic zones are important bridges between Chinaand intemational market. Their economic structure is being transformed andnew land use strategies should be taken correspondingly. HainanProvince, as the biggest special economic zone, has great superiorities andpotentialities for the development of land use. In order to realize the goal,the present land use decision should be mainly guided by market, moreattention should be paid to tropical agriculture and aquatic productindustry, the principle of sustainable development should be strengthened,and the area of farmland for grain production should be stabilized.

Petrology and geochemistry of the Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit in Hainan Province of South China: Implications for the origin of Neoproterozoic BIFs

The Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit,a famous hematite-rich Fe-ore deposit,is situated at the western Hainan Province of south China.The deposit characterizes the upper Fe ores and the lower Co-Cu ores,which are mainly hosted within a low-grade to medium-grade,dominantly submarine metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary succession of the Neoproterozoic Shilu Group.Three facies types of metamorphosed BIFs,i.e.the oxide facies,the silicate-oxide facies and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIFs,are identified within the sixth sequence of the Shilu Group.The oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-rich itabirites or ores)consists of alternating hematite-rich microbands with quartz-rich microbands;the silicate-oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-poor itabirites or ores)comprises alternating millimeter-to a few tens meter-scale,magnetite-hematite-rich bands with calcsilicate-rich(garnet+actinolite+diopside+epidote+quartz)meso-to microbands;and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF(i.e.the Co-Cu ores)contains alternating macro-to mesobands of Co-bearing pyrite and pyrrhotite,and chalcopyrite with mesobands of dolomite+calcite+diopside+quartz and/or chlorite+sericite+quartz.The blastooolitic,blastopelletoid blastocolloidal and blastopsammitic textures,and blasobedding structures which most likely represent primary sedimentation are often observed in these BIF facies.The interbedded host rocks with the BIFs mainly are the pyroxene-amphibole rocks and the banded or impure dolostones,and also contain banded or laminated structures,and lepido-gra-noblastic,nematoblastic and/or blastoclastic textures.Compositionally,the main host rocks,the pyroxene-amphibole rocks contain basic-intermediate SiO_2(~54.00 wt.%),CaO(~14.19 wt.%),MgO(~9.68 wt.%)and Al_2O_3(~8.49 wt.%)with a positive correlation between Al_2O_3 and TiO_2.The UCC-like Zr and Hf abundances,high Ba content andεNd(t)value(^-5.99)as well as the ratios of La/YbPAAS(0.17~1.00),δEuPAAS(0.88~1.12)andδCePAAS(0.93~1.13)commonly reveal that the protoliths to this type rocks are hydrogenic with a large contribution of terrigenous sediments and minor hydrothermal input.The high CaO+MgO+LOI contents and the extremely low trace element and REEconcentrations as well as the ratios of Y/Ho(44~45),δEuPAAS(1.13~1.57)andδCePAAS(0.69~0.98)reflect a marine origin with minor terrigenous materials for the banded or impure dolostones.Moreover,this type rocks also account for a negativeεNd(t)value(^-7.49).The oxide facies BIF is dominated by Fe_2O_3+FeO(~75.59wt.%)and SiO_2(~20.47 wt.%)with aεNd(t)value of^-6.10.The variable contents in Al_2O_3,TiO 2,K2O,Na2O,Zr,Hf and∑REE,and variable ratios of Y/Ho(24~39)andδEuPAAS(0.86~11.07)suggest the precursor sediments to this facies BIF are admixtures of sea-floor hydrothermal fluids and seawaters with minor involvement of detrital components.Compared to the oxide facies BIF,the silicate-oxide facies BIF is lower in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(~39.81wt.%)and Ba but higher in SiO_2(~42.54 wt.%),Al2O3(~3.60 wt.%),TiO_2(~0.19 wt.%),MgO(~1.12 wt.%),CaO(~9.06 wt.%),K_2O(~0.98 wt.%),Mn and Zr.The ratios of Y/Ho(25~34),La/YbPAAS(0.14-0.74)andδEuPAAS(0.91~1.12)most likely are linked to higher degree of detrital contamintants.While the sulfide-caronate facies BIF is main but variable in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(15.79~57.91 wt.%),SiO 2(0.54~61.52 wt.%),MgO(0.12~16.09wt.%),CaO(0.17~23.41 wt.%)and LOI(8.28-30.06 wt.%).The generally low contents in trace elements(including REE)except for an obvious enrichment in Pb,and the positive Ce anomalies(δCePAAS=1.04~1.95)and negative Pr anomalies(δPrPAAS=0.67~0.93),as well as the variable ratios ofδEuPAAS(0.72~1.71),La/YbPAAS(0.26~1.60)and Y/Ho(26~57)suggest that the precursors to the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF mainly are metalliferious sediments from deep-marine hydrotheral source with minor detrital components.The T2DM ages(ca.2.0 Ga)imply that the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks contain a component with Paleoproterozoic crustal residence age due to a significant crustal accretion event at ca.2.0 Ga in Hainan Island.In connection with the petrographical and mineralogical relationship,we conclude that the precursor precipitates to the Shilu BIFs are variable degree of admixtures of the Fe-Co-Cu-(Si)-rich hydrothermal fluids and detrital components from seawater and fresh water carring continental landmass;whereas the protolith to the main interbedded host rocks,i.e.the pyroxene-amphibole rocks,most likely was terrigenous,fine-grained clastic-sediments but with significant input of hydrothermal fluids in a seawater environment.As a result,a continent marginal marine basin is proposed for deposition of the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks.Sea-level fluctuations caused by marine transgression–regressions possibly contributed to changes in the composition and varied input of the terrigenous sediments.

The Shilu Iron Ore Deposit in Hainan Province,South China:A Structurally and Hydrothermally Reworked and Re-Enriched Lake-Superior-Type BIF Iron Deposit

The Shilu iron ore deposit,located in the western Hainan Province,South China,is one of the most important iron-ore mining districts in China not only for its huge reserves of hematite-rich ores,but also for its potentially economic significance of associated metals of copper,cobalt,nickel,silver,lead and zinc,and of non-metals of dolomite,quartzite,barite,gypsum and sulfur.

Studies on Characteristics of Fracture Lithofaciesin Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb Polymetallic Deposit,Hainan Province,China

1 Introduction Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb polymetallic depositis located in Fengshou rubidium-cesium polymetallic prospecting area in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,China.The hornstone facies,a thermal metamorphic facies,

CRATERING METEORITE OF BAISHA CRATER,HAINAN ISLAND,CHINA

Studies on the aerolite fragments from Baisha crater, Hainan Island prove that they belong to calcium-rich achondrite which are relicts of cratering meteorite of the Baisha crater.These flat-ball shaped aerolite fragments, size being 21cm×18.5cm×8.7cm, were found in a creek within the Baisha crater. This hard aerolite weigh 3.75 kg with a density of 3.46g/cm3. It is mantled by a 0.1-0.5cm thick ,brown shell and its fresh section is dark-grey. The aerolite is characterized by porphyritic texture and no spherulitic texture has been found. Microscopic examination, X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic probe

Workshop on rice production of China was held at Hainan Province

A workshop on rice production of China was held at Hainan Province on Jan. 16-17, 1996. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss the strategy for acquiring the bumper harvest of rice in 1996 and the goal of rice production-during the "Ninth Five-year Plant". According to the project set up by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, the rice yield in China has to reach 195 billion kg in 2000 AC. This means that at least the rice yield has to be increased by 2.5 billion kg every year progressively during 1996—2000. The participants put forward several rationalization proposals such as recovering the cultivated area of early rice, developing the cultivation of ratooning rice and

论南海渔文化的特征与价值——以海南为考察中心

渔文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。南海渔文化资源丰富,有鲜明的特色,具有很高的理论价值和开发利用潜力。应旗帜鲜明地提出南海渔文化的概念,大力推进南海渔文化理论研究,揭示南海渔文化的精神价值,丰富南海渔文化的时代内涵,发掘南海渔文化资源优势,促进南海渔文化的保护、传承与发展,更好地服务于海南社会经济发展。

新中国初期海南黎族苗族地区提高农业生产力措施研究

海南全岛解放后,党和政府根据黎族苗族地区经济社会文化实际,制定了一系列以经济-文化为主的政策措施,促进了海南黎族苗族地区由初期农耕社会-狩猎采集社会向农耕社会的转化,使得其农业生产力水平迅速提高、基础设施迅速改进、教育文化水平迅速提升、人民生活水平显著改善,迅速地拉近了与其他地区经济社会发展水平的距离,并为今后进一步发展奠定了基础。实践证明,这些政策措施,既符合农业社会的发展规律,又充分联系了黎族苗族地区的实际,因而在当时取得了良好的政策效益,其亦给当今推动海南黎族苗族地区的发展提供了很好的借鉴。

海南岛印支-燕山期花岗岩年代学格架与成因

海南岛分布着大面积的印支-燕山期岩浆岩,是华南岩浆活动的重要组成部分。近年来,对这些花岗岩已开展了一系列工作,但其年代学格架仍需完善,成因类型及源区性质仍需限定,区域构造机制仍存在争议。本文详细梳理了已发表的海南岛晚古生代-中生代花岗岩地球化学和年代学数据,结合作者近年来的相关工作,对海南岛花岗岩的年代学格架和岩石地球化学特征进行总结,并对源岩、岩浆演化过程和地球动力学背景进行讨论。海南岛印支期(二叠纪-三叠纪)花岗岩(部分具有片麻状构造)整体以NE走向展布,形成于278~225Ma,峰期为240Ma。岩相学和地球化学研究表明,此期岩浆活动形成了具有不同地球化学特征的S型、I型和A型花岗岩。其中,S型花岗岩(278~241Ma)与I型花岗岩(272~233Ma)均为高钾钙碱性花岗岩,具有较低的全岩锆饱和温度(平均<750℃),低于大规模角闪石分解引起的脱水熔融所需的温度,可能是由底侵玄武质岩浆释放的水加入到下地壳诱发部分熔融的产物;A型花岗岩(257~225Ma)的全岩锆饱和温度较高(>800℃),表明源区无流体加入或为已有花岗岩生成的去水源岩在高温条件下脱水熔融形成。此外,本区还存在少量燕山期花岗岩,包括燕山早期(侏罗纪)岩浆活动(如本研究识别出的161Ma高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩)以及集中在白垩纪的三期侏罗纪-白垩纪岩浆活动(按年龄可分为:ca.120Ma、ca.110~90Ma和ca.70Ma,峰期为ca.100Ma)。地球化学数据表明燕山期花岗岩具有高钾钙碱性I型特征,源区中有幔源年轻组分的加入。据此,本文作者认为:(1)印支-燕山期大规模的花岗岩浆作用与古太平洋板块向华南大陆俯冲有关;(2)古太平洋板块向华南大陆的俯冲可能起始于早-中二叠世(ca.280Ma),结束于晚白垩世末期(ca.70Ma);(3)自二叠纪起至白垩纪末期安第斯型活动大陆边缘结束,海南岛保存了古太平洋俯冲相关的岩浆活动记录。