Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China

China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate （salt forming） have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits： the atlas （1：2500000） of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of ＂Continental Potash Deposition Theory＂; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCI production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond＂ the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake （4421 m）, Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture （Salt land agriculture） has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science ＂Salinology＂.

Research and Application of Hypobaric Storage Technology in Agriculture and Food Industry in China

In recent ten years in China,the application research of hypobaric storage was extended to the non-freeze preservation of cooked food,fresh-cut vegetables,edible fungi and fruits,preliminary processing of growing area and vacuum cold fresh chain to the cold chain breakage for horticultural products,and also to the investigation of principle and theory but the investigation results would have some evident difference. This paper will simply summarize the basic conception,principle,two withdrawing air type hypobaric storage technologies,and introduce many examples as mentioned above extending in China. This paper thinks that the master mechanism of preservation of LP for fresh horticultural products effectively inhibits the activity change of manifold enzymes,which are PAL,POD,PPO,CAT,CAD,SOD et al.,affecting the maturation and caducity of fresh horticultural products during LP storage for a short period,as a result,to reduce both risk of physiology obstacle and disease and to prolong their postharvest life; for the foreseeable future Burg's hypobaric storage technology and hypobaric short period treatment technology will play an important role in the preservation on fresh agricultural products and food preservation in storage and transportation,the preliminary processing of growing area,fresh logistics,establishing the operating platform of perishable food and high business value,fresh e-business,and fresh delivery for scattered families,establishing the operating platform of fresh-cut vegetables including edible fungi and so on in China or in the world.

Research on the Culture of Innovation in Agricultural Research Institutes

This paper depicts the definition,elements and connotation of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes,and points out that the culture of innovation consists of conceptual culture,institutional culture,behaviour culture,and park culture.Through analysing the characteristics of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes,it has the following characteristics:stability,openness,systematicness,self-awareness,uniqueness.According to the general law of cultural development,we divide the development of the culture of innovation into cultural diagnosis of institutes,publicity and guidance,content building of the culture of innovation,solidifying and deepening of the culture of innovation,and points out the building path of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes.Finally this paper proposes the countermeasures and suggestions as follows:the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with long-term development strategy;the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with service and technology innovation;the building of the culture of innovation in agricultural research institutes should be combined with implementation of various kinds of specific work.

The Knowledge Management Research of Agricultural Scientific Research Institution

Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.

China National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture

China National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture （NRCIEA） was established in 2009 on the basis of Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture. According to the development trend of world Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture （lEA） and China＇s needs of modern agriculture, NRCIEA is engaged in solving the key, fundamental and common technical problems in lEA.

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture

China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture （NERCITA） was established in 2001 with the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As a national research institution, it mainly engages in research and development of agricultural and rural informatization engineering technology. Based on the requirements of agricultural and rural development of China, the major mission of NERCITA is to make key technology innovation, establish technical platform and develop significant products for agriculture, which focus on five aspects： intelligent information processing technology, remote sensing and geographic information system, precision agriculture, biological environment control engineering and automation technology as well as fast detection techniques of agricultural product security and the monitoring technology of farmland environmental quality. The ultimate goal is to provide a powerful technological support for agricultural modernization and rural development.

The recent disciplinal progresses of agricultural entomology in China

In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)), on the standardized monitoring techniques for safety of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) products, and on the virus transmission property of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)) as well as the interactions between vector and rice stripe virus (RSV), were reported. All of these researches are very important for controlling agricultural insect pests and the diseases they transmit, accelerating the molecular biological research of silkworm, and promoting the international trade of honey bee products. Most of these achievements mentioned above have got the national, provincial, ministerial or municipal awards on science and technology.

梁家勉抢救性搜藏中国古农书的事迹及其贡献述略

文章通过追溯中国古农史研究专家梁家勉的成才历程,及其与农学史、图书馆的结缘,探析了其中国古农书情意的成因,重点回望了二十世纪五十年代下叶至六十年代上叶的十年间,梁家勉为华南农学院图书馆中国古代农业文献特藏室用心搜购、悉心典藏、尽心保护和热心利用中国农史古书的具体事迹,阐述了其抢救性搜藏和整理保护中国古农书的非凡贡献,探析了其所作所为的历史文献学内涵和意义。并据史料揭示,1946年夏,梁先生应广东省立图书馆之邀,为其广东文献室整理有关古籍和地方文献三个月。竣工后,为该室撰写有多副联语,是为馆史之佚闻,可补人文之掌故。

中国热区农业科研管理研究

科技创新是助推生产力发展、促进产业升级的重要保障。农业科技是推动现代农业发展的主要力量,热区农业科技在国家农业科技中地位特殊、功能独特,具有无法取代的作用。热区农业科研管理在提高科研创新能力、加快科技成果转化力度、提升热区农业科研水平中发挥了重要作用。本文梳理了我国热区农业科研管理发展情况,分析了其存在的问题,并提出了对策,具体包括强化科研管理创新理念、加强管理人才队伍建设、完善绩效评价指标体系、健全科研成果管理机制等方面内容,以期为提升我国热区农业科技发展水平提供参考。

新时代东北全面振兴背景下东北农业现代化的实现路径研究

东北地区资源条件丰富,是国家的重要粮食生产基地,有着国家粮食“压舱石”的地位。提出促进东北农业现代化有着的历史逻辑和现实依据,新时代推动东北全面振兴,必须深入落实党和国家农业现代化政策,做好农村工作,保障粮食安全和重要农产品供给;科技改革双轮驱动,促进产业振兴;优化农村资源要素,提高资源利用率。

Comparative Analysis of the Development of Agricultural Listed Companies

On the basis of industrial division of China's Securities Regulatory Commission,listed companies in the processing industry of agro-products and food production industry have also been incorporated into agricultural listed companies.Developmental discrepancy of agricultural listed companies is analyzed.The main manifestations are small population quantity,slow development,weak growing capacity,relatively poor rationality and unbalanced regional distribution.The internal causes of this kind of situation lie in the weak quality and inadequate developmental driving force of agricultural listed companies,while the external causes are the capital chasing and unbalanced political support of the country.Therefore,the key of quickening the development of agricultural listed companies is inner power and external competition.Thus,the political thoughts of the development of agricultural listed companies are proposed.

“十三五”国家重点研发计划农业面源专项标志性成果概述

“十三五”期间,国家重点研发计划启动实施了“农业面源和重金属污染农田综合防治与修复技术研发”专项。5年来,各项目承担单位聚焦专项总体目标和项目考核指标,围绕农田氮磷流失、农田重金属污染、农业有机废弃物、农田有毒有害化学/生物污染4个领域开展研究工作,取得了一系列面向农业绿色发展需求的成果,专项35个项目均已通过综合绩效评价。本文结合专项组织管理工作,从基础研究、关键技术研发、集成示范应用3个方面总结梳理了“十三五”期间专项取得的标志性成果,供相关领域科研人员和管理部门参考。

中国农业高质量发展研究热点及趋势分析

【目的】明晰中国农业高质量发展研究现状、热点、趋势。【方法】通过中国知网(CNKI)数据库、Web of Science数据库检索获取2017年10月30日—2023年4月30日中文核心文献254篇、外文文献46篇;运用文献计量法和CiteSpace软件从发文趋势、关键词词频、关键词聚类3个方面分析中国农业高质量发展研究热点,基于关键词突现进行趋势分析研究。【结果】2017—2023年,中、外文文献发文量逐年提高,二者的差距呈“先扩大、再缩小”的趋势;中、外文文献关键词最高词频分别是“高质量发展”(124次)和“Performance(绩效)”(12次),中心度最高分别是“农业”(0.77)和“System(系统)”(0.33)、“Agriculture(农业)”(0.33);中文文献关键词聚类包含高质量发展、农业高质量发展、新发展理念等11个聚类,外文文献关键词聚类包含Green total factor productivity(绿色全要素生产率)、Consumption upgrading(消费升级)、EKC model(环境库兹涅茨曲线模型)等11个聚类。中文文献研究热点是农业高质量发展的内涵、现状、评价主体及影响因素研究,内涵阐释和现状分析已达成共识,即农业高质量发展是融合创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念的发展,农业高质量发展水平较低,但呈上升趋势,且区域发展不均衡;外文文献的研究热点为绿色全要素生产率、农业绿色发展、效应及作用机理。关键词突现结果显示,数字经济、农村金融、生态环境、农业全要素生产率的关注度逐年上升。【结论】农业高质量发展研究热度逐步提升,集中于农业高质量发展内涵阐释、现状、评价主体及影响因素研究等方面,在部分领域已达成一致结论,而探究数字经济、农村金融、生态环境等因素对农业高质量发展的影响应是未来研究趋势。

西北地区设施农业研究现状及存在的问题

本文以西北地区设施农业产业发展现状为基础,阐述了西北地区设施农业的总体发展概况,概述了设施农业新能源的综合开发利用、新型日光温室的研制及保温性能的优化等方面的研究进展。针对西北地区设施农业的发展与研究现状,提出了当前西北地区设施农业中存在的一系列问题与建议,以期为今后一个时期西北地区设施农业的进一步发展提供参考。

西北地区农林牧业生产及农业结构调整对全球气候变暖响应的研究进展

受西北地区现代气候变化呈现冬暖夏干的影响，甘肃黄土高原200cm深土壤贮水量呈减少趋势，适宜农作物生长时段减少2—3月．黄土高原作物气候生产力呈下降趋势，年递减率为10．45kg·hm^-2，暖干型和冷干型气候对作物生长非常不利，减产为4．3％～27．1％．对畜牧业的影响利弊共存，使牧区草场产草量和质量以及生产力下降；但牲畜死损率明显降低，幼畜成活率明显增加；牲畜抓膘育肥利弊因素相当，牲畜肉量呈波动式变化．小陇山森林资源呈减少趋势，90年代最为严重．在全球变暖的气候变化下，需要农林牧业结构发生重大调整，提出了甘肃省以及祁连北坡、陇东、陇东南和陇南等4个具有代表性的重点地域的农林牧业种植结构调整发展战略与优化方案．其研究结果为西北地区农林牧业安全生产、趋利避害、减轻不利影响提供科学的指导意见．

中国私部门农业研发投资的现状和变化趋势

本文通过对我国私部门农业研发投资普查数据的分析,重点研究了2000年以来我国私部门农业研发投资总量与结构变化。研究表明,2000年以来,我国私部门的农业研发投资以年均27%的速度增长,但私部门的农业研发投资是有选择性的,知识产权容易保护部门是企业农业研发投资的主要领域;在私部门研发投资快速增长而自身又缺乏研究能力的条件下,常常借助委托研发和骋用兼职研发人员来提高其研发能力;虽然私部门研发投资不断增长,但目前我国绝大多数企业仍主要依靠公共部门的技术从事生产与经营活动,私部门农业研发投资的增长具有巨大的潜力。政府应加大知识产权的保护力度,充分调动企业参加农业研发的积极性,为企业研发投资创造条件;同时政府应把公共部门农业研发投资的重点逐渐转向基础研究和应用基础研究以及知识产权还不容易得到保护的农业科技领域,促进国家农业科技创新体系的建设。

北方灌区节水农业发展若干问题探讨

农业是中国的用水大户,主要消耗于灌溉,约占总用水量的90%。发展灌区节水农业是缓解农业用水紧张状况的必由之路。以山东省为例,通过对水资源短缺状况及灌溉和灌溉水利用现状的分析,指出中国北方灌区节水农业存在的主要问题。提出北方灌区节水农业研究的重点领域:注重农艺节水技术研究;雨水资源的高效利用;节水型种植结构研究;设施条件下的节水理论与技术研究;非充分灌溉制度地研究确立;开展生物节水技术地研究与应用。

有机茶与茶业可持续发展

China started its organic tea production in early 1990s. Organic tea was growing very fast as it generated more incomes, provided more employment opportunities,contributed to an ecological sound future for humanity and made the agriculture more sustainable. Organic tea has become a major item of Chinese organic products. In 2000, acreage devoted to organic tea reached 10,000 hectares yielding 4,500 tons, 10 times higher than that in 1997 in terms of total acreage and yield. About 2,500 tons of total production was exported while 2,000 tons went to domestic consumers. Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has already worked on the research and development of organic tea. It has had full departments covering all aspects of tea sciences and technology. There have been nearly 100 certified organic tea farms in China. Certification has been done by the Organic Tea Research and Development Centre (OTRDC),and Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The OTRDC has developed the standards for organic tea based on the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) basic standards, which has officially become Zhejiang provincial standards and will become national standards by the end of 2001. Further research and development in the aspects of production, marketing and technology dissemination were discussed by the authors in order to expand the organic production on larger areas under different agronomic and ecological conditions, so as to achieve higher level of productivity.

谈中国植物科学基础研究与农业发展

该文讨论了加强植物科学基础研究的必要性及其对我国农业发展的重要影响。为了更好地为中国的农业发展服务,进一步加强植物科学基础研究非常重要。为了促进植物科学的发展,我国既要积极参与国际竞争,又要重视知识创新、技术发展以及技术平台建设等多个方面,还要重视传统学科如植物分类学等的发展。过去10年间,我们见证了中国科学家在植物科学领域取得的重要成就,随着越来越多的高水平人才回国,建议国家增加投入支持我国的植物科学基础研究。