The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this s...The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO2e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.展开更多
Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained...Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained growth trend.The development and construction of these investment projects certainly have impacts on the economic development mode and sustainable development goals of the countries.On collecting the basic information of the renewable energy investment projects,this paper compares and calculates the current power technology structure and grid emission factors of the host countries,and analyses the carbon emission level of electricity generation from the perspective of the whole life cycle.Making it as the benchmark,this paper also analyzes the current China's invested wind and solar energy projects and the carbon emission reduction benefits to the host country.The results show that at present,China has about 36 renewable energy investment projects in BRI countries,with an installed capacity of 15.75GW(China as the project owner or investor),and achieve at least 48.69M tCO2 emission reduction.This shows that China's effective investment and implementation of the green projects will provide a strong impetus for the energy transformation and the improvement of their energy security in BRI countries.展开更多
Financial incentives play a key role in promoting renewable energy investments that can help China achieve the‘dual carbon’goal.The national emissions trading scheme(ETS)and the renewable energy portfolio standard(R...Financial incentives play a key role in promoting renewable energy investments that can help China achieve the‘dual carbon’goal.The national emissions trading scheme(ETS)and the renewable energy portfolio standard(RPS)are two existing market-based policy instruments that can generate stable expected returns for low-carbon projects.This paper studies the interactive distribution effects of these two market-based instruments.We use the micro-level thermal power plant data to investigate the abatement effects of the national ETS,in which the details show that the existing rate-based ETS will result in higher negative impacts on power units,whose installed capacities are smaller than 400 MW.The interactive distribution effects between the two markets will occur when the permit allocation standards of the national ETS become stricter than the existing ones.Provinces in Eastern China and Northern China will face high pressure on costs in both ETS and RPS markets.When the levels of the permit allocation standards are set as 70%of the existing ones and the carbon price is assumed to be 200 yuan/ton in 2030,the annual market size of the national ETS will be nearly 100 billion yuan,and the annual market size is predicted to be 250 billion yuan.In the existing rate-based national ETS,the China Certified Emission Reduction(CCER)mechanism will have an offsetting effect,which should be taken into serious consideration during the policy-making processes in the future.展开更多
自然保护地以碳保存的方式实现生物固碳,具有稳定性与持久性,有助于我国“双碳”目标的实现。在我国国土空间规划中,自然保护地被纳入生态保护红线,实施自然生态空间用途管制,对自然保护地固碳有促进作用。这使得自然保护地碳汇功能在...自然保护地以碳保存的方式实现生物固碳,具有稳定性与持久性,有助于我国“双碳”目标的实现。在我国国土空间规划中,自然保护地被纳入生态保护红线,实施自然生态空间用途管制,对自然保护地固碳有促进作用。这使得自然保护地碳汇功能在土地利用、土地利用变化及林业(Land use,land use change and forestry,LULUCF)上享有制度优势。然而,自然保护地内的自然资源权属多元化,必然影响到自然保护地碳汇功能的稳定。同时,碳汇功能作为非传统的财产利益在私法上尚未被明确成为财产权,在私法上碳汇归属规则也是缺失的。这成为自然保护地碳汇功能实现的制度障碍。因此,应修改包括《民法典》在内的法律,将碳汇功能确认为一项独立的财产利益,明确碳汇功能的利益归属规则;在碳排放权交易中,将自然保护地碳汇项目规定为可优先用于抵消的国家核证自愿减排项目。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation [Grant number: 71573145, 71203120]National Key R&D Program of China [Grant number: 2016YFA0602702].
文摘The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO2e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2018YFA0606503].
文摘Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained growth trend.The development and construction of these investment projects certainly have impacts on the economic development mode and sustainable development goals of the countries.On collecting the basic information of the renewable energy investment projects,this paper compares and calculates the current power technology structure and grid emission factors of the host countries,and analyses the carbon emission level of electricity generation from the perspective of the whole life cycle.Making it as the benchmark,this paper also analyzes the current China's invested wind and solar energy projects and the carbon emission reduction benefits to the host country.The results show that at present,China has about 36 renewable energy investment projects in BRI countries,with an installed capacity of 15.75GW(China as the project owner or investor),and achieve at least 48.69M tCO2 emission reduction.This shows that China's effective investment and implementation of the green projects will provide a strong impetus for the energy transformation and the improvement of their energy security in BRI countries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0608600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71925010,72121002,71703027)Shanghai Talent Development Fund(2021098).
文摘Financial incentives play a key role in promoting renewable energy investments that can help China achieve the‘dual carbon’goal.The national emissions trading scheme(ETS)and the renewable energy portfolio standard(RPS)are two existing market-based policy instruments that can generate stable expected returns for low-carbon projects.This paper studies the interactive distribution effects of these two market-based instruments.We use the micro-level thermal power plant data to investigate the abatement effects of the national ETS,in which the details show that the existing rate-based ETS will result in higher negative impacts on power units,whose installed capacities are smaller than 400 MW.The interactive distribution effects between the two markets will occur when the permit allocation standards of the national ETS become stricter than the existing ones.Provinces in Eastern China and Northern China will face high pressure on costs in both ETS and RPS markets.When the levels of the permit allocation standards are set as 70%of the existing ones and the carbon price is assumed to be 200 yuan/ton in 2030,the annual market size of the national ETS will be nearly 100 billion yuan,and the annual market size is predicted to be 250 billion yuan.In the existing rate-based national ETS,the China Certified Emission Reduction(CCER)mechanism will have an offsetting effect,which should be taken into serious consideration during the policy-making processes in the future.
文摘自然保护地以碳保存的方式实现生物固碳,具有稳定性与持久性,有助于我国“双碳”目标的实现。在我国国土空间规划中,自然保护地被纳入生态保护红线,实施自然生态空间用途管制,对自然保护地固碳有促进作用。这使得自然保护地碳汇功能在土地利用、土地利用变化及林业(Land use,land use change and forestry,LULUCF)上享有制度优势。然而,自然保护地内的自然资源权属多元化,必然影响到自然保护地碳汇功能的稳定。同时,碳汇功能作为非传统的财产利益在私法上尚未被明确成为财产权,在私法上碳汇归属规则也是缺失的。这成为自然保护地碳汇功能实现的制度障碍。因此,应修改包括《民法典》在内的法律,将碳汇功能确认为一项独立的财产利益,明确碳汇功能的利益归属规则;在碳排放权交易中,将自然保护地碳汇项目规定为可优先用于抵消的国家核证自愿减排项目。
