Background:To examine the association between alcohol drinking and short sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods:Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,28,167 records of 15,074 adults longitudinal data were obt...Background:To examine the association between alcohol drinking and short sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods:Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,28,167 records of 15,074 adults longitudinal data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for the period from 2004 to 2011.A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to explore the association between alcohol drinking and sleep duration.Results:Compared with nondrinking participants,a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in both the males(odds ratio(OR)=1.33,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.20–1.48,P<0.001)and females(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.18–2.18,P=0.003)before the covariates were adjusted.After adjusting for age,residence area,education level,marital status,smoking,coffee consumption,tea consumption,and activity level,this association remained significant in the males(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.17–1.46,P<0.001)but not in the females(OR=1.16,95%CI=0.85–1.59,P=0.340).Conclusion:The present results suggest that a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in male population.Comprehensive measures therefore need to be implemented to improve sleep duration,especially to increase awareness of the dangers of drinking alcohol.展开更多
Background:To determine the associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:This longitudinal study analyzed 3,126 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years who...Background:To determine the associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:This longitudinal study analyzed 3,126 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years who had participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 2004-2011.Sleep duration was classified into<9 h,9-10 h,and>10 h for children aged 7-12 years,and<8 h,8-9 h,and>9 h for adolescents aged 13-18 years.Results:After adjusting for confounder,short sleep duration was associated with overweight/obesity for girls aged 7-12 years(β=4.32,95%confidence interval=1.27 to 7.37,P=0.006)and boys aged 13-18 years(β=3.38,95%confidence interval=2.01 to 4.74,P<0.001).No statistically significant association was found among the other 2 groups.Meanwhile,long sleep duration was not statistically significant at any age.Conclusion:The association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity to be dependent on both age and gender.展开更多
目的对我国中老年群体的多重慢性病发病率和身心健康状况进行分析,并探索相关影响因素。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(china health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)2018年第四次全国追访数据。调查覆盖了全国28个省的45...目的对我国中老年群体的多重慢性病发病率和身心健康状况进行分析,并探索相关影响因素。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(china health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)2018年第四次全国追访数据。调查覆盖了全国28个省的45岁以上受访者。研究纳入14种慢性病类型,若受访者被医生确诊2种或2种以上,则被定义为多重慢性病。采用基本日常生活活动能力(activity daily living,ADL)、工具性日常生活活动能力(instrumental activity daily living,IADL)和抑郁程度定义健康损失。结果多重慢性病患者(两种及两种以上患者)占比53.8%;其中,共患两种、三种、四种以上慢性病的占比分别为19.7%、14.2%和20.0%,存在ADL损失、IADL损失、抑郁的分别占比26.7%,26.6%,38.5%。年龄、女性性别、不良婚姻状况、农村和中西部居住环境是共病发病和健康状况的危险因素。结论多重慢病已成为我国最严重公共卫生问题之一。政府应重视这一重大健康问题,调整卫生体系服务重心,加大资源投入,提高应对与管理能力。展开更多
Background There are several surrogate indicators of abdominal fat deposition,including tri-ponderal mass index(TMI),lipid accumulation product(LAP),and the Chinese visceral adiposity index(CVAI).In spite of this,it r...Background There are several surrogate indicators of abdominal fat deposition,including tri-ponderal mass index(TMI),lipid accumulation product(LAP),and the Chinese visceral adiposity index(CVAI).In spite of this,it remains unclear whether these indices have a longitudinal relationship with the prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CM),a pressing global health issue.This research investigated the association between CVAI and CM compared to other indicators of visceral obesity.Methods 6638 participants(aged>45)from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were analyzed for incident CM.Cox proportional models were adopted to explore whether the level of CVAI was correlated with the risk of CM.Harrell's concordance statistic(C-statistic)was applied to compare predictive values.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were implemented for the steadiness of the results.Results Over 4 years,266(4.01%)participants developed CM.A 1-standard deviation(SD)increase in the levels of CVAI,body mass index(BMI),LAP,and TMI was associated with greater CM risk after adjusting for confounders[hazard ratios(HRs):2.20,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88-2.57,1.92(95%CI:1.55-2.38),1.20(95%CI:1.12-1.27),and 1.50(95%CI:1.35-1.66),respectively].CVAI outperformed other indices in predictive performance.Subgroup analysis revealed younger participants or those living alone were more prone to developing CM.Results were potent after finishing all sensitivity analyses.Conclusions The study highlighted a positive correlation between the level of CVAI and CM risk.CVAI's superior predictive performance positions it as a reliable indicator for identifying individuals at heightened CM risk.展开更多
目的探讨视听障碍(audio-visual impairments)对主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)的影响,以及抑郁倾向是否中介了视听障碍与主观幸福感之间的关联。方法中国健康与退休纵向调查(The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Sur...目的探讨视听障碍(audio-visual impairments)对主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)的影响,以及抑郁倾向是否中介了视听障碍与主观幸福感之间的关联。方法中国健康与退休纵向调查(The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey,CHARLS)对45岁及以上的中老年人进行问卷调查,在全国30个省级行政单位中采用多阶段抽样,分别在县(区)-村(居)-家户-个人层面上进行抽样,并在县(区)-村(居)两级抽样中,采用按人口规模成比例的概率(proportional probability sampling,PPS)抽样,最终纳入了28个省份150个县(区)的450个村/社区。本研究基于2018年的CHARLS数据展开研究,纳入标准为:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)有完整的自我报告的视力和听力状况;(3)至少含有生活满意度、主观期望寿命、自评健康状况3项主观幸福感指标中的一个。CHARLS使用Likert五分量表测定老年人的主观幸福感,使用10项流调中心抑郁自评量表(the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale-10,CESD-10)测定老年人的抑郁倾向。本研究采用多元回归分析视听障碍与抑郁倾向、主观幸福感之间的关联,并通过中介模型分析抑郁倾向的中介作用。双侧P值<0.05被认为有统计学意义。结果最终纳入符合标准的研究对象7620人。其中有视听障碍的患者抑郁倾向水平明显更高,主观幸福感的三项指标均较低(P值均小于0.05)。视觉障碍、听觉障碍和视听双重障碍与更高的抑郁倾向水平和更低的自评健康、主观期望寿命有关;视觉障碍和视听双重障碍与较低的生活满意度有关。抑郁倾向在视听双重障碍与生活满意度间及视觉障碍、听觉障碍、视听双重障碍与自评健康和主观期望寿命间起部分中介作用。结论在中国老年人群中,视听障碍与较低的主观幸福感状态有关,抑郁倾向在其中起着中介作用。展开更多
目的探索社会活动参与对我国老年人认知功能的影响及城乡差异。方法利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2018年调查数据,共纳入4669名60岁及以上老年人,收集其人口社会学特征、健康状...目的探索社会活动参与对我国老年人认知功能的影响及城乡差异。方法利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2018年调查数据,共纳入4669名60岁及以上老年人,收集其人口社会学特征、健康状况、社会活动参与情况及认知功能评分。采用多重线性回归模型分析社会活动参与对老年人认知功能的影响。结果4669人中认知功能障碍者880人,检出率为18.0%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,跟朋友交往、棋牌活动、炒股、上网、参与社会活动数量均为老年人认知功能的影响因素。影响城市老年人认知功能的社会活动包括跟朋友交往[β=-0.30,95%CI(-0.59,-0.01),P=0.045]、炒股[β=-0.65,95%CI(-0.99,-0.31),P<0.001];影响农村老年人认知功能的社会活动包括跟朋友交往[β=-0.46,95%CI(-0.72,-0.20),P<0.001]、棋牌活动[β=-0.43,95%CI(-0.72,-0.14),P=0.003]、炒股[β=-1.10,95%CI(-1.65,-0.55),P<0.001]、上网[β=-1.18,95%CI(-2.26,-0.10),P=0.033]。炒股与定向力[β=-0.13,95%CI(-0.25,-0.01),P<0.05]、注意力与计算能力[β=-0.14,95%CI(-0.26,-0.02),P<0.05]、语言能力[β=-0.37,95%CI(-0.53,-0.22),P<0.01]三个认知维度均有统计学关联。结论简单交往型(跟朋友交往)和智力参与型(棋牌活动、炒股、上网)活动是老年人认知功能的重要影响因素,政府应当从政策层面鼓励我国老年人参与社会活动。与城市老年人相比,同一类社会活动对农村老年人认知功能的影响更大,应给予农村老年人更多关注,并针对老年个体不同认知维度的衰退,制定更为精细化、可操作性的干预策略。展开更多
目的:探索中国中老年人听力损失与抑郁症状的纵向关联,为中老年人抑郁的预防提供依据。方法:采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011至2020年中参加2次及以上的受访者数据。听力损失...目的:探索中国中老年人听力损失与抑郁症状的纵向关联,为中老年人抑郁的预防提供依据。方法:采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011至2020年中参加2次及以上的受访者数据。听力损失通过自我报告进行评估,抑郁症状通过简版流调用抑郁自评量表(CESD-10)量表进行测量。采用K-M曲线和log-rank检验比较不同分组间发生抑郁症状的风险。采用Cox比例风险回归模型探索听力损失与抑郁症状的纵向关联。结果:研究共纳入12 952例研究对象。基线时1 416(10.9%)例研究对象自报听力损失。在中位随访时间为5.42年的随访中,5 498例研究对象出现抑郁症状。在未调整模型中,基线时的听力损失组发生抑郁症状的风险是无听力损失组的1.34倍(P<0.05),逐步调整社会人口学因素、行为生活方式因素及健康相关因素后,基线时的听力损失仍是抑郁症状的危险因素(HR=1.21,95%CI=1.10~1.34)。结论:听力损失会增加抑郁症状的发生风险,对听力损失进行干预可有效降低抑郁症状的发生。展开更多
目的:探讨中国失能老年人的疼痛现状并分析其影响因素。方法:数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS),选取其中≥65岁的2591名失能老年人作为研究对象,探究老年人失能和疼痛...目的:探讨中国失能老年人的疼痛现状并分析其影响因素。方法:数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS),选取其中≥65岁的2591名失能老年人作为研究对象,探究老年人失能和疼痛的关系,分析比较不同特征的失能老年人是否罹患疼痛,探讨失能老年人罹患疼痛的影响因素。结果:老年人罹患疼痛与失能密切相关,失能老年人疼痛罹患率远高于非失能老年人(80.08%vs. 50.91%)。失能老年人是否罹患疼痛在年龄、性别、受教育水平、居住地、健康自评情况、慢性病患病情况、抑郁情况、每年医疗支出的比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、健康自评为不健康、存在慢性病、存在抑郁、每年医疗支出1000~4999元是失能老年人罹患疼痛的危险因素(P <0.05)。结论:中国失能老年人疼痛现况不容乐观,性别、健康自评情况、慢性病、抑郁、每年医疗费用支出金额是失能老年人是否罹患疼痛的重要影响因素。应尽早识别和干预相关影响因素,加强失能老年人的疼痛管理,制定相关公共卫生政策,以推动健康老龄化的实现。展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explain the determinants of migration in China with special concern for elderly support based on evidences from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) pilot data. We ...The purpose of this paper is to explain the determinants of migration in China with special concern for elderly support based on evidences from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) pilot data. We find parents' needs for care significantly affect adult children's participation in migrant labor market. Joint family decisions have also been made among adult siblings as far as elderly support is concerned. Different patterns of migrant labor force participation in Zhejiang and Gansu provinces largely reflect the differences between their respective migrant labor markets. Understanding of these new patterns of China's internal migration helps policy makers in China and other developing counties formulate effective social policies, and consequently, a more appropriate urbanization path.展开更多
This paper analyzes the impact of health indicators on an individual's trip and mode choices to out-patient care facilities.The study's focus is an out-patient trip to a health care facility,and the source of ...This paper analyzes the impact of health indicators on an individual's trip and mode choices to out-patient care facilities.The study's focus is an out-patient trip to a health care facility,and the source of data is the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)for 2011.2013 and 2015.Based on a random utility framework,the study finds that making a rip to ureat an ilness or for a check-up increases the likelihood of an out-patient trip by 52 and 31 probability points,respectively.Out-patient visits for which in-surance is not relevant,When the individual pays most of the out:of-pocket costs and when the facility is a public facility are also important factors.Diagnosed and other per-sonal health factors have some but much more modest effects on one's trip choice.The analysis also identifies differential modal impacts of health indicators.A series of robustness tests generally confirm the results and identify areas for further research.Including a no-trip option,the biannual sunvey and infrequent out-patient trip-making mitigate endogeneity concerns.The analysis has broad health policy and transportation implications for an ageing population whose share is increasing.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16BGL183)This research uses data from China Health and Nutrition Survey+1 种基金The authors would like to thank the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Carolina Population Center,the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,the National Institute for Health(R01-HD30880,DK056350,and R01-HD38700)the Fogarty International Center,NIH for financial support for the China Health and Nutrition Survey data collection and analysis files from 1989 to 2006 and both parties plus the China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Ministry of Health for support for China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009 and future surveys.
文摘Background:To examine the association between alcohol drinking and short sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods:Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,28,167 records of 15,074 adults longitudinal data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for the period from 2004 to 2011.A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to explore the association between alcohol drinking and sleep duration.Results:Compared with nondrinking participants,a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in both the males(odds ratio(OR)=1.33,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.20–1.48,P<0.001)and females(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.18–2.18,P=0.003)before the covariates were adjusted.After adjusting for age,residence area,education level,marital status,smoking,coffee consumption,tea consumption,and activity level,this association remained significant in the males(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.17–1.46,P<0.001)but not in the females(OR=1.16,95%CI=0.85–1.59,P=0.340).Conclusion:The present results suggest that a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in male population.Comprehensive measures therefore need to be implemented to improve sleep duration,especially to increase awareness of the dangers of drinking alcohol.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16BGL183).
文摘Background:To determine the associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:This longitudinal study analyzed 3,126 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years who had participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 2004-2011.Sleep duration was classified into<9 h,9-10 h,and>10 h for children aged 7-12 years,and<8 h,8-9 h,and>9 h for adolescents aged 13-18 years.Results:After adjusting for confounder,short sleep duration was associated with overweight/obesity for girls aged 7-12 years(β=4.32,95%confidence interval=1.27 to 7.37,P=0.006)and boys aged 13-18 years(β=3.38,95%confidence interval=2.01 to 4.74,P<0.001).No statistically significant association was found among the other 2 groups.Meanwhile,long sleep duration was not statistically significant at any age.Conclusion:The association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity to be dependent on both age and gender.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074295)the Science and Technology Program of Tibet Grant(No.XZ202201ZY0051G)。
文摘Background There are several surrogate indicators of abdominal fat deposition,including tri-ponderal mass index(TMI),lipid accumulation product(LAP),and the Chinese visceral adiposity index(CVAI).In spite of this,it remains unclear whether these indices have a longitudinal relationship with the prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CM),a pressing global health issue.This research investigated the association between CVAI and CM compared to other indicators of visceral obesity.Methods 6638 participants(aged>45)from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were analyzed for incident CM.Cox proportional models were adopted to explore whether the level of CVAI was correlated with the risk of CM.Harrell's concordance statistic(C-statistic)was applied to compare predictive values.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were implemented for the steadiness of the results.Results Over 4 years,266(4.01%)participants developed CM.A 1-standard deviation(SD)increase in the levels of CVAI,body mass index(BMI),LAP,and TMI was associated with greater CM risk after adjusting for confounders[hazard ratios(HRs):2.20,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88-2.57,1.92(95%CI:1.55-2.38),1.20(95%CI:1.12-1.27),and 1.50(95%CI:1.35-1.66),respectively].CVAI outperformed other indices in predictive performance.Subgroup analysis revealed younger participants or those living alone were more prone to developing CM.Results were potent after finishing all sensitivity analyses.Conclusions The study highlighted a positive correlation between the level of CVAI and CM risk.CVAI's superior predictive performance positions it as a reliable indicator for identifying individuals at heightened CM risk.
文摘目的探讨视听障碍(audio-visual impairments)对主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)的影响,以及抑郁倾向是否中介了视听障碍与主观幸福感之间的关联。方法中国健康与退休纵向调查(The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey,CHARLS)对45岁及以上的中老年人进行问卷调查,在全国30个省级行政单位中采用多阶段抽样,分别在县(区)-村(居)-家户-个人层面上进行抽样,并在县(区)-村(居)两级抽样中,采用按人口规模成比例的概率(proportional probability sampling,PPS)抽样,最终纳入了28个省份150个县(区)的450个村/社区。本研究基于2018年的CHARLS数据展开研究,纳入标准为:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)有完整的自我报告的视力和听力状况;(3)至少含有生活满意度、主观期望寿命、自评健康状况3项主观幸福感指标中的一个。CHARLS使用Likert五分量表测定老年人的主观幸福感,使用10项流调中心抑郁自评量表(the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale-10,CESD-10)测定老年人的抑郁倾向。本研究采用多元回归分析视听障碍与抑郁倾向、主观幸福感之间的关联,并通过中介模型分析抑郁倾向的中介作用。双侧P值<0.05被认为有统计学意义。结果最终纳入符合标准的研究对象7620人。其中有视听障碍的患者抑郁倾向水平明显更高,主观幸福感的三项指标均较低(P值均小于0.05)。视觉障碍、听觉障碍和视听双重障碍与更高的抑郁倾向水平和更低的自评健康、主观期望寿命有关;视觉障碍和视听双重障碍与较低的生活满意度有关。抑郁倾向在视听双重障碍与生活满意度间及视觉障碍、听觉障碍、视听双重障碍与自评健康和主观期望寿命间起部分中介作用。结论在中国老年人群中,视听障碍与较低的主观幸福感状态有关,抑郁倾向在其中起着中介作用。
文摘目的探索社会活动参与对我国老年人认知功能的影响及城乡差异。方法利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2018年调查数据,共纳入4669名60岁及以上老年人,收集其人口社会学特征、健康状况、社会活动参与情况及认知功能评分。采用多重线性回归模型分析社会活动参与对老年人认知功能的影响。结果4669人中认知功能障碍者880人,检出率为18.0%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,跟朋友交往、棋牌活动、炒股、上网、参与社会活动数量均为老年人认知功能的影响因素。影响城市老年人认知功能的社会活动包括跟朋友交往[β=-0.30,95%CI(-0.59,-0.01),P=0.045]、炒股[β=-0.65,95%CI(-0.99,-0.31),P<0.001];影响农村老年人认知功能的社会活动包括跟朋友交往[β=-0.46,95%CI(-0.72,-0.20),P<0.001]、棋牌活动[β=-0.43,95%CI(-0.72,-0.14),P=0.003]、炒股[β=-1.10,95%CI(-1.65,-0.55),P<0.001]、上网[β=-1.18,95%CI(-2.26,-0.10),P=0.033]。炒股与定向力[β=-0.13,95%CI(-0.25,-0.01),P<0.05]、注意力与计算能力[β=-0.14,95%CI(-0.26,-0.02),P<0.05]、语言能力[β=-0.37,95%CI(-0.53,-0.22),P<0.01]三个认知维度均有统计学关联。结论简单交往型(跟朋友交往)和智力参与型(棋牌活动、炒股、上网)活动是老年人认知功能的重要影响因素,政府应当从政策层面鼓励我国老年人参与社会活动。与城市老年人相比,同一类社会活动对农村老年人认知功能的影响更大,应给予农村老年人更多关注,并针对老年个体不同认知维度的衰退,制定更为精细化、可操作性的干预策略。
文摘目的:探索中国中老年人听力损失与抑郁症状的纵向关联,为中老年人抑郁的预防提供依据。方法:采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011至2020年中参加2次及以上的受访者数据。听力损失通过自我报告进行评估,抑郁症状通过简版流调用抑郁自评量表(CESD-10)量表进行测量。采用K-M曲线和log-rank检验比较不同分组间发生抑郁症状的风险。采用Cox比例风险回归模型探索听力损失与抑郁症状的纵向关联。结果:研究共纳入12 952例研究对象。基线时1 416(10.9%)例研究对象自报听力损失。在中位随访时间为5.42年的随访中,5 498例研究对象出现抑郁症状。在未调整模型中,基线时的听力损失组发生抑郁症状的风险是无听力损失组的1.34倍(P<0.05),逐步调整社会人口学因素、行为生活方式因素及健康相关因素后,基线时的听力损失仍是抑郁症状的危险因素(HR=1.21,95%CI=1.10~1.34)。结论:听力损失会增加抑郁症状的发生风险,对听力损失进行干预可有效降低抑郁症状的发生。
文摘目的:探讨中国失能老年人的疼痛现状并分析其影响因素。方法:数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS),选取其中≥65岁的2591名失能老年人作为研究对象,探究老年人失能和疼痛的关系,分析比较不同特征的失能老年人是否罹患疼痛,探讨失能老年人罹患疼痛的影响因素。结果:老年人罹患疼痛与失能密切相关,失能老年人疼痛罹患率远高于非失能老年人(80.08%vs. 50.91%)。失能老年人是否罹患疼痛在年龄、性别、受教育水平、居住地、健康自评情况、慢性病患病情况、抑郁情况、每年医疗支出的比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、健康自评为不健康、存在慢性病、存在抑郁、每年医疗支出1000~4999元是失能老年人罹患疼痛的危险因素(P <0.05)。结论:中国失能老年人疼痛现况不容乐观,性别、健康自评情况、慢性病、抑郁、每年医疗费用支出金额是失能老年人是否罹患疼痛的重要影响因素。应尽早识别和干预相关影响因素,加强失能老年人的疼痛管理,制定相关公共卫生政策,以推动健康老龄化的实现。
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explain the determinants of migration in China with special concern for elderly support based on evidences from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) pilot data. We find parents' needs for care significantly affect adult children's participation in migrant labor market. Joint family decisions have also been made among adult siblings as far as elderly support is concerned. Different patterns of migrant labor force participation in Zhejiang and Gansu provinces largely reflect the differences between their respective migrant labor markets. Understanding of these new patterns of China's internal migration helps policy makers in China and other developing counties formulate effective social policies, and consequently, a more appropriate urbanization path.
文摘This paper analyzes the impact of health indicators on an individual's trip and mode choices to out-patient care facilities.The study's focus is an out-patient trip to a health care facility,and the source of data is the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)for 2011.2013 and 2015.Based on a random utility framework,the study finds that making a rip to ureat an ilness or for a check-up increases the likelihood of an out-patient trip by 52 and 31 probability points,respectively.Out-patient visits for which in-surance is not relevant,When the individual pays most of the out:of-pocket costs and when the facility is a public facility are also important factors.Diagnosed and other per-sonal health factors have some but much more modest effects on one's trip choice.The analysis also identifies differential modal impacts of health indicators.A series of robustness tests generally confirm the results and identify areas for further research.Including a no-trip option,the biannual sunvey and infrequent out-patient trip-making mitigate endogeneity concerns.The analysis has broad health policy and transportation implications for an ageing population whose share is increasing.