Adults of the aquatic coptoclavid beetles （Coleoptera： Adephaga： Dytiscoidea）, described from four Middle Jurassic fossil localities in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning in northeastern China, are attributed to Daohugou...Adults of the aquatic coptoclavid beetles （Coleoptera： Adephaga： Dytiscoidea）, described from four Middle Jurassic fossil localities in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning in northeastern China, are attributed to Daohugounectes primitives Wang, Ponomarenko and Zhang, 2009, which was previously proposed after study of larvae. The generic name Timarchopsis Brauer, Redtenbacber and Ganglbauer, 1889 is proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied and junior homonym Necronectes Ponomarenko, 1977, non Milne-Edwards, 1881. Furthermore, the subfamily name Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is substituted by the available name Timarchopsinae. Daohugounectes is placed into Timarchopsinae because its adults have long, slightly apically widened tibiae and small femoral plates. The adults of this genus differ from those of other Timarchopsinae in the following features： antennae short and widened in the middle part; basal segments of protarsi not cut apically; metaventrite with a triangular plate. The larvae look like somewhat primitive forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae. In contrast to these primitive larvae, the adults with some advanced characters can be regarded as among the most advanced forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae, and probably represent a transition between the Timarchopsinae and Charanoscaphinae. Such mosaic evolution within Daohugounectes indicates that the evolutionary process of aquatic beetles is far more complex than previously thought.展开更多
Using geostatistical method, the semi-variation function models of tobacco mosaic virus （TMV） in east-west and north-south directions were established, and the distribution pattern of TMV in large scale space was st...Using geostatistical method, the semi-variation function models of tobacco mosaic virus （TMV） in east-west and north-south directions were established, and the distribution pattern of TMV in large scale space was studied. The results showed that the distribution pattern of the disease in east-west and north-south directions belonged to linear model with abutment, and the spatial distribution pattern within the investigated areas was aggregated model. The spatial correlation distances in east-west and north-south directions were 29.953 4 and 47.813 8 km, and the spatial variabilities were 95.71% and 80.05%, respectively. This indicated that they had strong spatial correlation. Isoline map accessed by Kringing interpolation method could clearly reflect the spatial aggregated model.展开更多
【背景和目的】中国黄花稔曲叶病毒(Sida yellow mosaic China virus,SiYMCNV)是侵染海南儋州雪茄烟的重要病原,为了分析该病毒的致病性,以侵染海南雪茄烟的SiYMCNV分离物为材料,构建SiYMCNV的侵染性克隆。【方法】以侵染SiYMCNV的雪茄...【背景和目的】中国黄花稔曲叶病毒(Sida yellow mosaic China virus,SiYMCNV)是侵染海南儋州雪茄烟的重要病原,为了分析该病毒的致病性,以侵染海南雪茄烟的SiYMCNV分离物为材料,构建SiYMCNV的侵染性克隆。【方法】以侵染SiYMCNV的雪茄烟植物总基因组为模板,分别构建含有1.5倍串联重复DNA-A全长侵染性克隆pCAMBIA1300-1.5A和含有2倍串联重复DNA-β全长侵染性克隆pCAMBIA1300-2β。采用液氮冻融法转化农杆菌GV3101,通过农杆菌浸润验证侵染性克隆的致病性。【结果】SiYMCNV DNA-A单独侵染本氏烟和雪茄烟H382不表现症状,DNA-A和DNA-β混合侵染本氏烟和雪茄烟H382表现出典型的曲叶症状,且整株植物表现为矮化、皱缩。【结论】构建的中国黄花稔曲叶病毒侵染性克隆可高效侵染本氏烟和雪茄烟H382,为进一步开展该病毒致病性机制研究和抗病烟草种质资源鉴定奠定了坚实基础。展开更多
从广东省河源市连平县采集3份疑似双生病毒侵染引起的叶片表现黄花叶症状构树样品,提取总DNA,利用Bego-movirus通用引物AV494/CoPR进行PCR检测表明,疑似病样中均检测到菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒。进一步选取PCR检测为阳性的样品进行RCA...从广东省河源市连平县采集3份疑似双生病毒侵染引起的叶片表现黄花叶症状构树样品,提取总DNA,利用Bego-movirus通用引物AV494/CoPR进行PCR检测表明,疑似病样中均检测到菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒。进一步选取PCR检测为阳性的样品进行RCA扩增、酶切、克隆及测序,获得侵染广东构树的病毒分离物基因组全长序列。广东构树分离物(GS-2021)为一个双组分病毒,包含DNA-A和DNA-B两组分。DNA-A组分(GS-2021-A)全长为2777 nt,编码7个ORFs;DNA-B组分(GS-2021-B)为2742 nt,编码2个ORFs。GS-2021与已报道的中国大青金色花叶病毒(clerodendrum golden mosaic China virus,ClGMCNV)各分离物的DNA-A、DNA-B均有较高的一致性,全长序列的一致性分别为93.0%~93.9%和86.3%~89.6%,其中与福建Fz7分离物DNA-A(GenBank登录号:FJ011668)和DNA-B(GenBank登录号:FJ011669)的相一致性最高,为93.9%和89.6%。GS-2021与ClGMCNV福建、浙江、江苏和美国的5个分离物亲缘关系近,同属一个分支,其中与福建Fz7分离物聚集在一个小分支,亲缘关系最近。基因重组分析显示,GS-2021无明显的基因重组事件存在。根据ICTV对菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒最新分类标准,GS-2021属ClGMCNV的一个新株系。本研究首次在构树上检测到菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒,获得其病毒基因组全序列,明确其为ClGMCNV的新株系。因此,构树是菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒的新自然寄主。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40872015, J0630967)the Major Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB806400)Grant RFFI 07-04-92105-GFEN_a, Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences"Evolution of Biosphere"
文摘Adults of the aquatic coptoclavid beetles （Coleoptera： Adephaga： Dytiscoidea）, described from four Middle Jurassic fossil localities in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning in northeastern China, are attributed to Daohugounectes primitives Wang, Ponomarenko and Zhang, 2009, which was previously proposed after study of larvae. The generic name Timarchopsis Brauer, Redtenbacber and Ganglbauer, 1889 is proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied and junior homonym Necronectes Ponomarenko, 1977, non Milne-Edwards, 1881. Furthermore, the subfamily name Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is substituted by the available name Timarchopsinae. Daohugounectes is placed into Timarchopsinae because its adults have long, slightly apically widened tibiae and small femoral plates. The adults of this genus differ from those of other Timarchopsinae in the following features： antennae short and widened in the middle part; basal segments of protarsi not cut apically; metaventrite with a triangular plate. The larvae look like somewhat primitive forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae. In contrast to these primitive larvae, the adults with some advanced characters can be regarded as among the most advanced forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae, and probably represent a transition between the Timarchopsinae and Charanoscaphinae. Such mosaic evolution within Daohugounectes indicates that the evolutionary process of aquatic beetles is far more complex than previously thought.
基金Supported by Modern Tobacco Agriculture-Project of Dingzhai Base Unit
文摘Using geostatistical method, the semi-variation function models of tobacco mosaic virus （TMV） in east-west and north-south directions were established, and the distribution pattern of TMV in large scale space was studied. The results showed that the distribution pattern of the disease in east-west and north-south directions belonged to linear model with abutment, and the spatial distribution pattern within the investigated areas was aggregated model. The spatial correlation distances in east-west and north-south directions were 29.953 4 and 47.813 8 km, and the spatial variabilities were 95.71% and 80.05%, respectively. This indicated that they had strong spatial correlation. Isoline map accessed by Kringing interpolation method could clearly reflect the spatial aggregated model.
文摘从广东省河源市连平县采集3份疑似双生病毒侵染引起的叶片表现黄花叶症状构树样品,提取总DNA,利用Bego-movirus通用引物AV494/CoPR进行PCR检测表明,疑似病样中均检测到菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒。进一步选取PCR检测为阳性的样品进行RCA扩增、酶切、克隆及测序,获得侵染广东构树的病毒分离物基因组全长序列。广东构树分离物(GS-2021)为一个双组分病毒,包含DNA-A和DNA-B两组分。DNA-A组分(GS-2021-A)全长为2777 nt,编码7个ORFs;DNA-B组分(GS-2021-B)为2742 nt,编码2个ORFs。GS-2021与已报道的中国大青金色花叶病毒(clerodendrum golden mosaic China virus,ClGMCNV)各分离物的DNA-A、DNA-B均有较高的一致性,全长序列的一致性分别为93.0%~93.9%和86.3%~89.6%,其中与福建Fz7分离物DNA-A(GenBank登录号:FJ011668)和DNA-B(GenBank登录号:FJ011669)的相一致性最高,为93.9%和89.6%。GS-2021与ClGMCNV福建、浙江、江苏和美国的5个分离物亲缘关系近,同属一个分支,其中与福建Fz7分离物聚集在一个小分支,亲缘关系最近。基因重组分析显示,GS-2021无明显的基因重组事件存在。根据ICTV对菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒最新分类标准,GS-2021属ClGMCNV的一个新株系。本研究首次在构树上检测到菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒,获得其病毒基因组全序列,明确其为ClGMCNV的新株系。因此,构树是菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属病毒的新自然寄主。
