Digital Revolution and Job Quality of Lower Class Workers: Quasi-experimental Evidence from the Broadband China Program

This study examines the impact of the digital revolution on the job quality of workers with a specific focus on those at the lowest end of the spectrum in China's domestic labor market. Leveraging exogenous timing variations that result from the implementation of the Broadband China Program across different cities, it provides quasi-experimental evidence concerning the effects of the digital revolution on the job quality of lower class workers, particularly rural–urban migrant workers. Using data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study reveals that migrants' comprehensive job quality index increased by 0.0138 (5.33 percent), and its component indices experienced positive effects after the Broadband China Program was implemented. This study also investigates heterogeneous policy treatment effects among workers with diverse demographic and occupational characteristics. Underlying mechanisms are considered, including positive macroeconomic shocks, increased social interactions, and Internet use. In particular, migrants' attitudes toward local settlement became more positive, suggesting that the positive effects of the digital revolution on livelihood lasted for some time. Taking China as an example, this study contributes valuable empirical evidence of how the digital revolution can affect lower class workers' employment or living conditions in a developing country. Related policy implications are also considered.

Is Nationwide Special Campaign on Antibiotic Stewardship Program Effective on Ameliorating Irrational Antibiotic Use in China? Study on the Antibiotic Use of Specialized Hospitals in China in 2011–2012

Summary： With dwindling number of new antibiotics and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance occurs commonly in healthcare institutions worldwide. In China, antibiotics are commonly overprescribed and misused. This study is to assess the effect of the nationwide special campaign on antibiotic stewardship program （ASP） at specialized hospitals in China by investigating prescription information from 2011 to 2012. Data on the hospital consumption and prescription of systemic antibiotics were obtained from four specialized hospitals, including maternity, children＇s, stomatological and cancer hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases. A total of 105 specialized hospitals in 2011 and 121 specialized hospitals in 2012 were analysed. The defined daily doses （DDDs） per 100 inpatient days, the percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions, and the percentage of antibiotic use in inpatient eases were used as measurements of antibiotic use. The overall antibiotic use density in the selected hospitals decreased between 2011 and 2012 from 39.37 to 26.54 DDD/100 inpatient days （P〈0.001）. The percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions （range： 24.12%-18.71%, P=0.109） and inpatient cases （64.85%-60.10%, P=-0.006） also decreased within the two years. Significant changes were observed among regions and different hospitals within the two years. And antibiotic consumption was correlated with the type and size of specialized hospital in 2012, but not with the regions. This analysis of antibiotic consumption of specialized hospitals allows relevant comparisons for benchmarking and shows that national ASP has improved antibiotic rational use in China. The data will assist policymakers in formulating effective strategies to decrease antibiotic overuse and identify areas that require further work.

Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues──The GEMS/Food Program in China

This paper covers the monitoring activities of organochlorine (OCS) pesticide residues in the GEMS/Food program, which China took part in for the first time in 1992. The levels of HCH and DDT were determined in 355 samples of eight main varieties of food , taken from five provinces and cities. The results show that the positive rate of HCH is 69%, of which 99. 44 % is in accord with the National Standards of Food Hygiene of China. As to DDT, the two rates are 42 % and 100 % respectively. The daily intakes of HCH and DDT are 0. 22 mg/ kg.bw and 0. 54 mg/kg. bw respectively, which are far below their corresponding ADIs.Compared with those in 1970s, the OCS residues have decreased significantly. Therefore the monitored varieties of food are safe to people's health

Scientific Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1, the first lunar mission in China, was successfully launched on October 24,2007, which opened the prelude of China's Lunar Exploration Program. Later on, the Chang'E-2 and Chang'E-3 satellites were successfully launched in 2010 and 2013, respectively. In order to achieve the science objectives, various payloads boarded the spacecraft. The scientific data from these instruments were received by Beijing and Kunming ground stations simultaneously. Up to now, about 5.628 Terabytes of raw data were received totally. A series of research results has been achieved. This paper presents a brief introduction to the main scientific results and latest progress from Chang'E-3 mission.

Issues and Challenges in Implementing China’sGreen Public Procurement Program

Sustainable development and environmental protection are the themes of the day. One popular policy tool that government uses to promote sustainable development and to protect the environment is green public procurement. Chinese government established its public procurement system in the late 1990s. It has moved to implement green procurement since 2004. In this paper, the authors will first trace the development of Chinese green public procurement program. The authors will then examine the issues involved in its implementation and make suggestions as to how to make green public procurement program more effective. This is one of the first papers examining China’s green public procurement program.

PROGRESS IN “APPLIED RESEARCH ON DROUGHT & DESERTIFICATION”——A fruitful cooperative program between China and the World Laboratory

World Laboratory (WL) is an international organ financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its operation is exclusively for the Third World countries, where basic research projects are carried out and research results are applied to the benefit of the local areas and the world as a whole. The Project of"Applied Research on Drought &

National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) Indo-Pacific Oceanic Channel Project Special Issue

1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.The climate systems over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are subject to strong ocean-atmosphere coupling at multiple scales from intraseasonal to interannual,and to centennial.The

Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2 of China's Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP) have successfully achieved their mission.At the present time,only Chang'E-3 is still in operation,which was successfully launched on December 2,2013.Chang'E-3 probe is the third robotic lunar mission of CLEP,which consists of a lander and a rover,with eight payloads on board the spacecraft.Up to December 21,2015,more than 2.86 TB raw data were received from these instruments onboard Chang'E-3 probe.A series of research results have been achieved.This paper gives a detailed introduction to the new scientific results obtained from Chang'E-3 missions.

CIDA Programming in China

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China's Biotech Achievements——Development of China's 863 Program in the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period

Modern biotechnology booms in the molecular life science. It brings about a promising future for improving human health, foodstuff, environment and energy and is of significance to improve traditional agriculture, druamakins and other

China's Biotechnology Development Program during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period (2001-2005)

Bioengineering TechnoIogy(Ⅰ)1. Crop molecular marker-assisted selection and pyramiding breeding technology2. Super hybrid

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Karst Area of China Driven by Grain-for-Green Program

As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.

China Today Travel Programs for 1996

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China to Open State Research Program to Overseas Scientists

China will open part of its civil projects in national research program, including hi-tech development programs and major basic research programs to overseas scientists, said a senior official with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Facing the globalization trend in terms of economy and S&T development, China will take a

CAFIU Program Rekindled My Love for China

In December 2010, I visited China with 9 Korean delegates. The theme of the program, 'Green Growth in China', was timely because at the time, Korea's Lee Administration was promoting the green industry through various government support in order to make it a new engine for economic growth.

A Glimpse at Program for Children's Development in China

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CASC President Commenting on China's Major Space Programs

CASC President Ma Xingrui was interviewed by a Hong Kong magazine recently and talked about the prospects of China's major space projects. Mr. Ma is the deputy Commander-in-Chief of China's Manned Space Program, Commander-in-Chief of China's Lunar Exploration Program, and Commander-in-Chief of China's new-generation launch vehicles. Mr. Ma said that the LM-5 launch vehicle, with LEO loading capacity of 25t, will carry out its maiden flight around the end of 2014.