Drinking Behavior and Associated Factors among Middle School Students in Shanghai,China

The purpose of our study was to assess drinking status in middle school students and to understand the associated factors. The adjusted drinking rates were 50.9%, 39.8%, and 15.1% for lifetime, past-year, and current drinking, respectively.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

Student contacts of tuberculosis（TB）cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）,and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them.This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment.

Distribution of primary school based on spatial network comprehensive model in low-income mountainous cities： a case study in Wanyuan, China

Focusing on the peculiarities of urban construction resulting from specific mountain terrains, the purpose of this study is to find out a suitable method based on a Spatial Network Comprehensive Model(SNCM) to reasonably plan and distribute primary schools in low-income mountain cities. The construction principles and advantages of the SNCM method are proposed and the method tested in Wanyuan city of Qinba Mountain area(Southwest China) to verify its feasibility and optimization. Taking account of the mountain terrain and its influence on user behavior, we used the SNCM method to build a comprehensive model which integrates the road slope and the walking speed of pupils into the basic spatial model. The model is used to calculate a reasonable layout of the primary schools and to validate the rationale. The results show that the SNCM method can be effectively applied in low-income mountainous cities. It can not only improve the accessibility and service efficiency of primary schools using as little capital-investment as possible, but also help the city grow in an intensive and efficient way.

Relationship between Migration and HIV Risky Behavior: a Comparative Study of Returning Migrants and Non Migrants Based on Rural Out-of-school Youth in Jilin, China

Objective To estimate the relationship between migration and HIV risky behavior when controlling for gender, age, and educational levels and to evaluate the gender differences in migration, HIV knowledge, and HIV risky behaviors among rural youth in China. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous, investigative questionnaire for 1710 unmarried, out-of-school rural youth, aged between 15 and 24 years, was handed out in Gongzhuling county of Jilin province, China. Results 58.5% of participants had a history of migration, irrespective of gender. There were gender differences observed in other factors such as drug abuse（4.3% for males and 5.5% for females, P〈0.01）, multiple sexual partners（24.1% for males and 44.1% for females, P〈0.01）, and HIV knowledge rate（35.2% for males and 25.5% for females, P〈0.001）. While controlling for gender, age, and educational levels, the relationships between migration and drug abuse, selling sex, and non usage of condoms during last instance of sexual activity were found to be significant. The cases of premarital sex and multiple sexual partners were both not found to be related to migration. Conclusion Among rural youth, the HIV risky behavior such as drug abuse, selling sex, and lack of condom use, is significantly related to migration, while premarital sex and multiple sexual partners seem unrelated to migration.

Step it up： Promoting physical activity in school-aged children and adolescents in China

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science, a series of articles describe the results of the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China--The Youth Study. The results show a relatively high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, unhealthy weight, lower fitness levels, and lower levels of engagement in physical exercise and fitness activities than antici- pated.

HIV Vulnerability in Out-of-School Adolescents and Youth in Yunnan, China

This study investigated multiple aspects of vulnerability to HIV in out-of-school adolescents and youth in Yunnan Province, a high HIV risk region in China. The findings show that socially disadvantaged adolescents and youth were overrepresented in the out-of-school young people in Yunnan. The out-of-school young people in Yunnan exhibited 1) limited knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention, 2) a high prevalence of unprotected sexual activity, 3) high exposure to illicit drugs and alcohol use and a high prevalence of drug use in themselves, and 4) limited access to health services. There is an indication of higher exposure to risk behaviours in the younger age group. The study population used multiple media, particularly television, internet and radio, to obtain information about HIV transmission and prevention, particularly in the younger age group. These media may be an effective way of reaching this population in future HIV education and prevention programs in the region.

Is China Ready for Home Schooling?

The new semester has begun in China and students have gradually returned to their schools.However,the end of the summer holiday doesn’t mean a return to school for some children as today a growing number of parents believe home schooling offers a better education.Public opinion is voicing dissatisfaction with an education system criticized as being outdated.

Can postponing school starting age solve China’s “Boy Crisis?”

Education has always been a deeply emotional topic for Chinese parents. A recent proposal calling for postponing boys＇ school starting age by one year has led to even more heated discussions on the topic.

Research on the English Curriculum at Senior Secondary Schools in China

This essay examined the four details of the English curriculum; they are the content, delivery, teaching methods and resources. Under the new reform of the English curriculum, both teachers and learners will have a more deep understand about the course.

An Evaluation of the English curriculum at Senior Secondary Schools in China

The assessment of the English curriculum at senior secondary schools in China has made some changes in recent years.It will become better and better in the nearly future of English teaching.It is a sign of success of English education reform and also it can meet the needs of our society.

Introduction to School of Environmental Science and Engineering of North China Electric Power University

Along with the fast development of national economy, environmental issues have become more and more prominent. China has promulgated a series of policies of energy-saving and emission-reduction to

Improve Labor Contract System, Safeguard Lawful Rights and Interests of Laborers——An interview with Prof. Guan Huai of Law School of Renmin University of China

EDITOR＇S NOTE： The Draft Labor Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China has been completed and was published for soliciting comments on March 20. In a short period of one month, 191,849 pieces of comments and opinions were received. Prior to the promulgation of the law, this reporter interviewed Mr. Guan Huai, a noted Chinese expert in labor law, professor of the Law School of the Renmin University of China and law advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

I-Schools运动对我国情报学研究生教育的启示

本文简单介绍了美国I-Schools运动,从学科定位、师资力量、课程设置、培养目标等几个方面分析了我国情报学研究生教育中存在的问题。并在I-Schools的视野下,提出进行学科整合、增加社会认同度、加强合作与交流、完善评估体系的四点建议。

Report on Childhood Obesity in China(8):Effects and Sustainability of Physical Activity Intervention on Body Composition of Chinese Youth

Objectives To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China. Methods The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention （20 rain of daily exercise in the classroom） with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline. Results After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.56 kg/m2 （SD 1.15） in the intervention group and by 0.72 kg/m^2 （SD 1.20） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.15 kg/m^2 （95% CI： -0.28 to -0.02）. BMI z score decreased by -0.05 （SD 0.44） in the intervention group, but increased by 0.01 （SD 0.46） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.07 （-0.13 to -0.01）. After another year of follow up, compared to the control group, children in the intervention group had significantly lower BMI （-0.13, -0.25 to -0.01 ）, BMI z score （-0.05, -0.10 to -0.01）, fat mass （-0.27 kg, -0.53 to -0.02） and percent body fat （-0.53, -1.00 to -0.05）. The intervention had a more pronounced effect on weight, height, BMI, BMI z score, and body composition among obese children than among normal weight or overweight children. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a significantly higher percentage of children who maintained or reduced their BMI z score at year 1 （P-0.008） and year 2 （P=-0.04）. Conclusions These findings suggest that 20 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the school year is a feasible and effective way to prevent excessive gain of body weight, BMI, and body fatness in primary school students.

Chinese EFL Teachers' Pragmatic Competence in China

The focus of this study is to outline the survey results carried out on the pragmatic competence of the High School Chinese EFL Teachers in China. The research participants in this study comprised of 40 teachers. The tools used to carry out the research included: a) a questionnaire made up of two parts: the background information of the respondents, and the Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Test(MDCT).b) the retrospective interview questions. The main purpose of the MDCT is to examine the level of pragmatic competence of the teachers by analyzing their practical shortcomings. On analyzing the results on the data collected from the teachers, the extent of the Chinese EFL teacher's pragmatic competence was observed. Analysis of the answers obtained from the teachers also implied how the High School EFL teachers can help in developing the level of the student's pragmatic competence. The analysis of the results showed the various responses to the questionnaire questions based on the items of the speeches showing the different points of weakness that need to be improved.

“胡焕庸线”两侧高中生健康素养与静坐时长态势特征调查研究

背景目前“胡焕庸线”的学术价值已经延伸至其他相关学科,考虑到我国人口众多且分布差异较为明显的特点,本研究借鉴人口地理学的研究成果,旨在探索按照“胡焕庸线”的人口密度分布界定标准,深入研究了“胡焕庸线”两侧城乡高中生的健康素养和静坐时长的态势特征。目的调查分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁的城乡高中生健康素养与静坐时长的现状态势特征,为改善我国高中生的身心健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年1—3月对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)在内的62所学校高一、高二学生进行健康素养与静坐时长的调研(统一提前邮寄配发健康素养调查问卷与静坐时间调查问卷各12400份)。采用多元线性回归模型分析方差膨胀系数,校正混杂因素后分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁高中生静坐时长的影响因素。结果最后纳入健康素养调查问卷9057份,其中东南半壁7489份(82.7%),西北半壁1568份(17.3%);纳入静坐时间调查问卷8031份,其中东南半壁6614份(82.4%),西北半壁1417份(17.6%)。东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁(Z=-4.009、-9.198,P<0.001)。东南半壁年龄为17、18岁,女性,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专、本科,家庭年收入为1~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为1、3、7、9、≥10人的高中生健康素养评分均高于西北半壁(P<0.05);东南半壁年龄为15、16、18岁,男女,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专以下,家庭年收入为<1万、2.5~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为3、4、5、6人的高中生静坐时长均长于西北半壁(P<0.05)。多元线性回归模型分析结果显示,校正混杂因素后,东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入(β=0.324)和母亲学历(β=0.644)均呈正相关,但与健康素养评分(β=-0.015)和父亲学历(β=-0.212)均呈负相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,家庭年收入(0.164)>母亲学历(0.131)>父亲学历(-0.056)>健康素养评分(-0.050)。西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分(β=0.017)、父亲学历(β=0.789)、母亲学历(β=0.540)均呈正相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,父亲学历(0.163)>母亲学历(0.111)>健康素养评分(0.056)。结论东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁。东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入和母亲学历呈正相关,但与健康素养评分和父亲学历呈负相关;西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分父母亲学历均呈正相关。家庭年收入对东南半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高,父亲学历对西北半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高。

The Educational Differences between China and America

Nowadays, with the fast development of science and technology in China, there is an increasing number of people going to study abroad (taking America as an example). For one hand, they want to get a better educational background to have a more promising career in the future. For the other, they want to change the way of getting knowledge, because they think the Chinese educational system still has a lot to be improved. With such tendency, more people are looking forward to an article that has a thorough analysis to reveal the educational differences between China and America from couple of aspects. It elaborates the educational differences in many ways with authentic research then comes to an analytic conclusion on what we can do to make a contribution to the Chinese educational system as a graduate student.

医学院校体医融合双主体协同发展路径研究

随着COVID-19在全球肆虐,健康中国建设的重要性和紧迫性进一步凸显。体医融合模式是实现健康中国的有效路径之一,医学院校作为健康中国的重要阵地,理应发挥作用。当前,我国医学院校存在体医融合模式主体不明、师资匮乏、学科融合不足以及融合机制尚未建立等问题亟待解决。本文基于健康中国框架,提出医学院校体医融合应以教学改革为切入点、以师资队伍建设为保障、以增设体医融合专业为依托、以改革成果验收和推广为目标,构建体医双主体互惠共生协同发展机制,为实现健康公平和健康中国提供支撑。

收回教育权运动中巴安华西学校办学中国化、世俗化与国家凝聚力体现

1924年,在全国反对基督教及其在华传教活动和帝国主义利用宗教进行文化侵略的运动高潮中,主张“收回一切外国人在华教育权”的收回教育权运动之发起,具有重大意义。该运动迫使民国政府于1925—1929年间颁布了一系列关于教会学校等私立学校在华办学的法规法令。为此,1927年西康巴安(巴塘)华西学校组建了董事部,向地方政府申请办学认可,更名为“巴安华西基督会私立小学校”,任命中国人为校长,制定了学校章程,并在学校管理、师资配置、课程设置和课堂教学等方面进行了整改,办学走向中国化和世俗化,标志着该校作为中国私立教育体制的一部分与巴安县立小学校一起构成了当地国民教育体系。这不仅是收回教育权运动在西南民族地区取得的重要成果,也是近代中国学校教育发展重大转折的缩影。这一典型案例充分体现了收回教育权增强了国家凝聚力。

学习抗大校风校训 弘扬抗大精神

抗大精神历久弥新,与抗大的校风校训有直接关系。抗大的校风校训集中体现了抗大精神的本质核心,其中包含:坚定不移的政治方向,艰苦奋斗的工作作风,机动灵活的战略战术,团结、紧张、严肃、活泼的良好作风等。新时代学习发扬抗大精神,要聚焦在深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”上来;要坚持自信自立,把发展命运牢牢掌握在自己手上,集中精力办好自己的事;要发扬三大作风,聚焦本岗位的实际工作,为中国式现代化作贡献。