Dark tea is a special tea in China.This paper mainly reviewed the basic classification,processing technology and related historical changes of dark tea,aiming at providing reference for relevant practitioners.
When you visit a Chinese home, you will be given a cup of hot tea irrespective of the geographical location, cultural background and nationality of the host. This is part of China’s ritual and culture. However, tea d...When you visit a Chinese home, you will be given a cup of hot tea irrespective of the geographical location, cultural background and nationality of the host. This is part of China’s ritual and culture. However, tea drinking customs vary in certain parts of China. Min-chao congou tea. Min-chao refers to the areas covering southern Fujian Province and Chaozhou and Santou in Guangdong Province. congou means the special skill of making tea.展开更多
The spatial agglomeration of agricultural production is conducive to reducing planting costs, increasing production efficiency and improving product quality. It is an important way to promote the transformation and up...The spatial agglomeration of agricultural production is conducive to reducing planting costs, increasing production efficiency and improving product quality. It is an important way to promote the transformation and upgrad of tea industry and realize the modernization of China's tea industry. This study used Gini coefficient and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the characteristics of tea spatial agglomeration in China from three geographical scales: regional level, provincial level and prefecture level from the year 2005 to 2015. The results indicated that there was a significant scale effect on the tea spatial agglomeration. The agglomeration degree increased from the regional level, provincial level to prefecture level. The types of spatial agglomeration evolution of the three scales were Ushaped, continuous diffusion, and continuous agglomeration. The spatial autocorrelation of tea production could only be found at the prefecture level. Meanwhile, at the prefecture scale, we could not only reveal the pattern changes at the regional and provincial levels, but also identify tea production agglomeration regions. Compared with the large scale, the small scale could reveal the characteristics of tea spatial agglomeration in more details. Factors such as natural resource endowments, cost factor, technological advancement, agglomeration economy, and agricultural policy influenced the evolution of tea spatial agglomeration from different geographical scales. Finally, from the perspectives of spatial transfer of tea production, promoting spatial agglomeration, building tea production bases, and breaking administrative boundaries, we proposed several policy suggestions for optimizing the spatial layout of tea production.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to detect and assess metal ions in tea and soil of tea gardens in Mingshan County. [ Method] Seven metals （ including Pb, Cr, Cu, Ca, Mn, Mg and Zn） in soil and tea samples of tea garden...[ Objective] The study aimed to detect and assess metal ions in tea and soil of tea gardens in Mingshan County. [ Method] Seven metals （ including Pb, Cr, Cu, Ca, Mn, Mg and Zn） in soil and tea samples of tea gardens in Mingshan were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the pollution situation of the soil and tea by Pb, Cr and Cu were evaluated using the single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollu- tion index, finally the accumulation of heavy metals in different soils were analyzed by the enrichment factor. I-Result] There was little difference for the same heavy metals in various soils, but different heavy metals had very significant difference. The enrichment factors of metals needed by tea growing, such as Ca, Mn, Mg and Zn, were higher than heavy metals like Pb and Cr. In addition, soils and tea of the six tea gardens were not polluted by Pb, Cr and Cu, and both single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were below 0.7. [ Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for preventing tea from being polluted by heavy metals.展开更多
Data of daily mean temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and tea yield in Xuancheng area from 1979 to 2008 were used to analyze the relationship between lower temperature in spring and tea yield. The results show...Data of daily mean temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and tea yield in Xuancheng area from 1979 to 2008 were used to analyze the relationship between lower temperature in spring and tea yield. The results showed during 1979 -2008, the per unit area yield of tea in Xu- ancheng area fluctuated greatly in various years. The relative meteorological yield of tea changed greatly during 1979 -2008, and the decrease in tea yield occurred frequently over the past 30 years. Over the past 30 years, the probability of lower temperature in spring was 56.7%, and the probability of serious and extremely serious lower temperature in spring was 43.4%. In each off year with decrease in tea yield, medium or above lower temperature in spring occurred, showing that the impact of lower temperature in spring on tea yield was very obvious.展开更多
As one of the top ten Chinese teas, Longjing Green Tea is famous for its green tea leaves, sweet taste, pleasant aroma and beautiful shape. Besides of using as drinks, Longjing tea leaves can be applied as spice in Ch...As one of the top ten Chinese teas, Longjing Green Tea is famous for its green tea leaves, sweet taste, pleasant aroma and beautiful shape. Besides of using as drinks, Longjing tea leaves can be applied as spice in Chinese cuisine for its particular taste and function. Under the background of pursuing healthy cuisine, the development of organic Longjing tea and advocate of Chinese tea culture have great economic and culture significance.展开更多
From humanistic characteristics,historical origin,fame,quality,and the correlation between quality and production region,we analyze key factors of protection for Geographic Indication product Liupao Tea.We also analyz...From humanistic characteristics,historical origin,fame,quality,and the correlation between quality and production region,we analyze key factors of protection for Geographic Indication product Liupao Tea.We also analyze industrial development of Liupao Tea from processing threshold,scale of processing enterprises,standard and index,planting base,research and development and technology popularization,and pesticide control.In line with these situations,we put forward following suggestions.First,it is proposed to raise standard index and formulate national standard for Liupao Tea.Second,we should popularize the industrial mode of "market + association(enterprise) + base" and establish demonstration area for protection of Geographic Indication product Liupao Tea.Third,it is recommended to raise the production and processing threshold.Fourth,we should establish special production inspection and research and development institution.Fifth,it is suggested to set up independent supervision organization.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to study climatic zoning of tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong. [Method] Based on climate data at 11 meteorological observatories of Hanzhong during 1971 -2010, selecting annual average e...[ Objective] The research aimed to study climatic zoning of tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong. [Method] Based on climate data at 11 meteorological observatories of Hanzhong during 1971 -2010, selecting annual average extreme minimum temperature, annual average temperature, accumulative temperature ≥10 ℃ and annual rainfall as climatic zoning factors, regression model between zoning factors and geographic information was established, and comprehensive climatic zoning indicator of tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong was determined. [ Result] Tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong was divided into suitable, more suitable and unsuitable planting zones by using critical value of climatic zoning. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific basis for reasonable planning layout and sustainable development of tea tree in the whole city.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to determine the optimal technology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of black tea was determined. [Method] Taking Black Tea as materials, the Box-Behnken response surface design method of tea...[Objective] The aim was to determine the optimal technology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of black tea was determined. [Method] Taking Black Tea as materials, the Box-Behnken response surface design method of tea polyphenols ultrasonic-assisted extraction process optimization was applied. The regression optimization model of the ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature, ethyl acetate extract stalling time and tea polyphenols was established. [Result] The influence of four factors on the black tea polyphenol solvents affecting size was as follows: ultrasonic time > ethanol volume fraction > stalling extraction time > ultrasound temperature. The best extraction process was ultrasonic time 80 min, volume fraction of 88.99% ethanol, extraction time 89.97 min, ultrasonic temperature of 80 ℃. At the optimized technical parameters, the black tea phenolic extraction yield can be as high as 73.50%. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development of tea leaves and black tea.展开更多
文摘Dark tea is a special tea in China.This paper mainly reviewed the basic classification,processing technology and related historical changes of dark tea,aiming at providing reference for relevant practitioners.
文摘When you visit a Chinese home, you will be given a cup of hot tea irrespective of the geographical location, cultural background and nationality of the host. This is part of China’s ritual and culture. However, tea drinking customs vary in certain parts of China. Min-chao congou tea. Min-chao refers to the areas covering southern Fujian Province and Chaozhou and Santou in Guangdong Province. congou means the special skill of making tea.
基金funded by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630644)
文摘The spatial agglomeration of agricultural production is conducive to reducing planting costs, increasing production efficiency and improving product quality. It is an important way to promote the transformation and upgrad of tea industry and realize the modernization of China's tea industry. This study used Gini coefficient and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the characteristics of tea spatial agglomeration in China from three geographical scales: regional level, provincial level and prefecture level from the year 2005 to 2015. The results indicated that there was a significant scale effect on the tea spatial agglomeration. The agglomeration degree increased from the regional level, provincial level to prefecture level. The types of spatial agglomeration evolution of the three scales were Ushaped, continuous diffusion, and continuous agglomeration. The spatial autocorrelation of tea production could only be found at the prefecture level. Meanwhile, at the prefecture scale, we could not only reveal the pattern changes at the regional and provincial levels, but also identify tea production agglomeration regions. Compared with the large scale, the small scale could reveal the characteristics of tea spatial agglomeration in more details. Factors such as natural resource endowments, cost factor, technological advancement, agglomeration economy, and agricultural policy influenced the evolution of tea spatial agglomeration from different geographical scales. Finally, from the perspectives of spatial transfer of tea production, promoting spatial agglomeration, building tea production bases, and breaking administrative boundaries, we proposed several policy suggestions for optimizing the spatial layout of tea production.
基金Supported by the Plan for Promoting the Quality of Teaching in Sichuan Agricultural University
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to detect and assess metal ions in tea and soil of tea gardens in Mingshan County. [ Method] Seven metals （ including Pb, Cr, Cu, Ca, Mn, Mg and Zn） in soil and tea samples of tea gardens in Mingshan were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the pollution situation of the soil and tea by Pb, Cr and Cu were evaluated using the single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollu- tion index, finally the accumulation of heavy metals in different soils were analyzed by the enrichment factor. I-Result] There was little difference for the same heavy metals in various soils, but different heavy metals had very significant difference. The enrichment factors of metals needed by tea growing, such as Ca, Mn, Mg and Zn, were higher than heavy metals like Pb and Cr. In addition, soils and tea of the six tea gardens were not polluted by Pb, Cr and Cu, and both single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were below 0.7. [ Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for preventing tea from being polluted by heavy metals.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Xuancheng Meteorological Bureau in 2013(KY201305)
文摘Data of daily mean temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and tea yield in Xuancheng area from 1979 to 2008 were used to analyze the relationship between lower temperature in spring and tea yield. The results showed during 1979 -2008, the per unit area yield of tea in Xu- ancheng area fluctuated greatly in various years. The relative meteorological yield of tea changed greatly during 1979 -2008, and the decrease in tea yield occurred frequently over the past 30 years. Over the past 30 years, the probability of lower temperature in spring was 56.7%, and the probability of serious and extremely serious lower temperature in spring was 43.4%. In each off year with decrease in tea yield, medium or above lower temperature in spring occurred, showing that the impact of lower temperature in spring on tea yield was very obvious.
文摘As one of the top ten Chinese teas, Longjing Green Tea is famous for its green tea leaves, sweet taste, pleasant aroma and beautiful shape. Besides of using as drinks, Longjing tea leaves can be applied as spice in Chinese cuisine for its particular taste and function. Under the background of pursuing healthy cuisine, the development of organic Longjing tea and advocate of Chinese tea culture have great economic and culture significance.
基金Supporte by Science and Technology Program Project of General Administration Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China(2011IK054,2009IK296)Science and Technology Program Project of Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau(K05-2006)
文摘From humanistic characteristics,historical origin,fame,quality,and the correlation between quality and production region,we analyze key factors of protection for Geographic Indication product Liupao Tea.We also analyze industrial development of Liupao Tea from processing threshold,scale of processing enterprises,standard and index,planting base,research and development and technology popularization,and pesticide control.In line with these situations,we put forward following suggestions.First,it is proposed to raise standard index and formulate national standard for Liupao Tea.Second,we should popularize the industrial mode of "market + association(enterprise) + base" and establish demonstration area for protection of Geographic Indication product Liupao Tea.Third,it is recommended to raise the production and processing threshold.Fourth,we should establish special production inspection and research and development institution.Fifth,it is suggested to set up independent supervision organization.
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to study climatic zoning of tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong. [Method] Based on climate data at 11 meteorological observatories of Hanzhong during 1971 -2010, selecting annual average extreme minimum temperature, annual average temperature, accumulative temperature ≥10 ℃ and annual rainfall as climatic zoning factors, regression model between zoning factors and geographic information was established, and comprehensive climatic zoning indicator of tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong was determined. [ Result] Tea tree cultivation in Hanzhong was divided into suitable, more suitable and unsuitable planting zones by using critical value of climatic zoning. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific basis for reasonable planning layout and sustainable development of tea tree in the whole city.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to determine the optimal technology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of black tea was determined. [Method] Taking Black Tea as materials, the Box-Behnken response surface design method of tea polyphenols ultrasonic-assisted extraction process optimization was applied. The regression optimization model of the ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature, ethyl acetate extract stalling time and tea polyphenols was established. [Result] The influence of four factors on the black tea polyphenol solvents affecting size was as follows: ultrasonic time > ethanol volume fraction > stalling extraction time > ultrasound temperature. The best extraction process was ultrasonic time 80 min, volume fraction of 88.99% ethanol, extraction time 89.97 min, ultrasonic temperature of 80 ℃. At the optimized technical parameters, the black tea phenolic extraction yield can be as high as 73.50%. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development of tea leaves and black tea.
