Analysis on exploitation status,potential and strategy of groundwater resources in the five countries of Central Asia

As an important part of water resources of the five countries of Central Asia,groundwater resources give critical supports to the regional economic development.Accompanied by rapid economic development,the demand of groundwater is increasing.As a result,the governments are paying more attention to groundwater resource development and utilization.However,there are noticeable issues and contradictions in water resource exploration in these countries.To be more specific,these countries lack the studies in development potential and conception planning,thus influencing the sustainable groundwater development.This paper mainly discusses groundwater development problems in the five countries of Central Asia,and briefly introduces volumes and distribution of transboundary groundwater.In addition,it analyzes the current exploitation status of groundwater and studies the potential in utilizing the resource.Most importantly,it proposes creative ways to address groundwater development issues:To make best of the resource,international cooperation is required.

Relations Between China and Central Asian Countries Face Opportunity of All-Round Development

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of development. China’s policy of creating an amicable, secure and

China-Central Asia Relations and Role of the Belt and Road Initiative

China is moving to greater economic and political influence in the global scale.One of the Chinese strategy for“go global”is Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)which was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013.The BRI includes a significant number of countries from Asia,Central Asia,the Middle East,Africa,and Europe.In this framework,China relations with Central Asia are an important part of the BRI project.The BRI is not merely an economic project as framed by Beijing,but that it represents a new stage in China’s engagement with the Central Asian republics.The Belt and Road Initiative is highly likely to become China’s most significant contribution to Central Asia economic development.This would affect the China-Central Asia relations economically and politically.

Influence of the Asian-Pacific Oscillation on Spring Precipitation over Central Eastern China

The linkage between the Asian-Pacific oscillation （APO） and the precipitation over central eastern China in spring is preliminarily addressed by use of the observed data. Results show that they correlate very well, with the positive （negative） phase of APO tending to increase （decrease） the precipitation over central eastern China. Such a relationship can be explained by the atmospheric circulation changes over Asia and the North Pacific in association with the anomalous APO. A positive phase of APO, characterized by a positive anomaly over Asia and a negative anomaly over the North Pacific in the upper-tropospheric temperature, corresponds to decreased low-level geopotential height （H） and increased high-level H over Asia, and these effects are concurrent with increased low-level H and decreased high-level H over the North Pacific. Meanwhile, an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere are introduced in East Asia, and the low-level southerly wind is strengthened over central eastern China. These changes provide advantageous conditions for enhanced precipitation over central eastern China. The situation is reversed in the negative phase of APO, leading to reduced precipitation in this region.

Spatio-temporal pattern and changes of evapotranspiration in arid Central Asia and Xinjiang of China

Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration （ET） in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources. It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance, as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources. This study, based on model validation analysis at varied scales in fiwe Central Asian countries and China＇s Xinjiang, developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands. The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined, and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed. The results show the simulation error of SEBS （Surface Energy Balance System） model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale, 2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6,37% at 4-kin spatial scale. ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates： （1） the evaporation depth （May-September） by land types descends in the order of waters （660.24 ram） 〉 cultivated land （464.66 mm） 〉 woodland （388.44 mm） 〉 urbanized land （168.16 mm） 〉 grassland （160.48 mm） 〉 unused land （83.08 mm）; and （2） ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05） and 9,741.03x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4）, respectively. The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas, providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions.

The Yanshanian Orogeny and Two Kinds of Yanshanides in Eastern-Central China

The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian.orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral sheafing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate （intracontinental） Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.

Transplantation and Borrowing: the Spread of Northwest China's Folk Tales in East Asia

The spread of northwest China’s folk tales in the Donggan region of central Asia mainly includes two aspects: First, Donggan folk tales transplanted to the northwest folk tales. As the Donggan people migrated from northwest China, folk tales from northwest China were also transplanted to central Asia. In the absence of written records, these stories also mutate as they are passed down through the mouths and ears of foreign peoples. Secondly, Donggan folk tales borrowed from northwest folk tales. Some plot units in Donggan folktales are very similar to those in northwest China, but the specific characters and plot structure of the whole story are obviously different from those in northwest China. This kind of folk stories are new stories created by Donggan people who borrowed the parent story of folk stories in northwest China and recombined it with other plots. With comparative study of folk tales, the profound cultural ties between the two places can be revealed.

An Inquiry into the Approach to Asian Regional Trade Integration Under the Belt and Road Initiative——The Case of the Alignment of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area

It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.

Celiac Disease in Asia beyond the Middle East and Indian subcontinent:Epidemiological burden and diagnostic barriers

Celiac Disease(CD)had been considered uncommon in Asia for a long time.However,several studies suggested that,in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East countries,CD is present and as prevalent as in Western countries.Outside these Asian regions,the information about the epidemiology of CD is still lacking or largely incomplete for different and variable reasons.Here,we discuss the epidemiological aspects and the diagnostic barriers in several Asian regions including China,Japan,Southeast Asia and Russia/Central Asia.In some of those regions,especially Russia and Central Asia,the prevalence of CD is very likely to be underestimated.Several factors may,to a different extent,contribute to CD underdiagnosis(and,thus,underestimation of its epidemiological burden),including the poor disease awareness among physicians and/or patients,limited access to diagnostic resources,inappropriate use or interpretation of the serological tests,absence of standardized diagnostic and endoscopic protocols,and insufficient expertise in histopathological interpretation.

Research Report on China's Policy toward Central/East European Countries

With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe kept far away from war" through promoting regional integration.

China-Central Asia Power Cooperation Outlook

After analyzing the basic information,distribution of energy resources and condition of power industry in Central Asia,the high feasibility for China to cooperate closely with Central Asia in transnational power interconnection,power investment and technology exchanges,etc.is studied.Furthermore,the forms,mechanisms,existing problems and suggestions for the improvement of current policies related to the power cooperation are proposed.

How Water-Development Nexus Can Reunite Central Asia?

The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted by the author’s university as a scientific peer-reviewed publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in World Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 No.3B, September 2014, has been removed from this site.

US Primary Policy Towards Central Asia

The emergence of the Central Asian republics into the international stage presented a new frontier for US policymakers.US involvement in Central Asia began with the collapse of the USSR.Following the collapse of the Soviet Union,Washington initiated official relations with the region’s newly interdependent states.From 1991 until the mid-1990s,the region to some extent was of only marginal importance to the United States.The region was viewed as less important,perhaps because the highest US priority at that time was Russia itself.US policy in Central Asia,was initially based on the“Russia first”principle.However,later on Washington paid special attention to the region and recognised American national interests there.This paper aims to address this main question:To what extent were US interests affected by independence of the Central Asian republics during the initial phase?The paper findings indicate that during the early stage of US engagement in Central Asia,there was no uniformity and strategic framework in Washington approach toward this region.

2005-2020年亚洲中部干旱区生态站月潜在蒸散量数据集

潜在蒸散表征大气蒸发能力,是衡量区域蒸发能力的重要指标,也是评价气候干旱程度变化、水资源供需平衡、植被耗水量等的关键参数。在收集中亚生态系统监测网络12个生态站和中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)11个位于西北干旱区生态站的气象观测数据基础上,经过数据质量控制与插补,采用Penman-Monteith模型计算潜在蒸散量,生成了2005-2020年亚洲中部干旱区生态站月潜在蒸散量数据集。本数据集时间序列较长、覆盖多种生态系统类型,可作为亚洲中部干旱问题研究的基础数据、模型输入数据、模拟结果验证数据等,也可为该区域水资源的合理开发与利用、生态环境保护等方面研究提供数据支撑。

中国与中亚国家的油气合作探析

中国-中亚天然气管线D线完工后,中亚五国将全部被纳入中国与中亚油气能源供应体系,中国—中亚油气管道运输线将初步形成覆盖中亚五国的能源大动脉。伴随着中国同中亚国家在油气能源领域的改造与新建项目的落实,中国与中亚国家的油气能源合作将由双边到多边,由点及面,从油气田合作带动管道合作,并逐步拓展到其他新的合作领域。中国与中亚国家的油气能源合作,不仅给予合作方在能源发展领域以战略空间以及在地区能源博弈中更多的筹码,而且还在推进中亚地区经济提质发展与带动其他产业发展方面发挥着积极的作用,其给予中国与中亚国家彼此的地缘经济与地缘政治价值远超油气收益本身。

零度偏离视阈下中亚五国华语关系词重构

关系词的作用是“介绍”和“连接”,包括介词和连词。倘若把“普通话关系词”视为共时平面下操作的零度,“中亚五国华语关系词”则是在共时平面下对“普通话关系词”这个操作的零度的偏离。以“零度偏离”为理论基础,描写零度偏离视阈下中亚五国华语介词重构的偏离形式和零度偏离视阈下中亚五国华语连词重构的偏离形式,阐释中亚五国华语介词重构和中亚五国华语连词重构的原因。

原油价格对中国-中亚贸易合作影响的研究

自“丝绸之路经济带”正式提出以来,我国与沿线国家秉持政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的理念开展了多次合作,为实现互利共赢、共同发展的目标而努力。构建中国-中亚命运共同体正是“一带一路”的重要内容,也是实现区域经济一体化的重要途径,对促进中亚地区经济发展与和谐稳定也有着十分重大的意义。而原油作为中国-中亚贸易合作的重要战略性资源,其重要性不言而喻。因此,文章基于MS-VAR模型,探究国际原油价格波动对中国-中亚贸易合作的冲击。研究表明:第一,经济系统可以划分为波动期(区制1)和平稳期(区制2);第二,原油价格与中国-中亚贸易合作情况间彼此关联,且具有显著的“非线性”特征。当经济系统处于波动期时,国际原油价格正冲击对中国-中亚贸易合作产生明显的推动作用。当经济系统处于平稳期时,国际原油价格正冲击对中国-中亚贸易合作产生的效应较为微弱。研究通过了稳健性检验,并基于上述结论提出了三点政策建议:第一,关注波动期时国际原油价格波动趋势;第二,多元化合作模式;第三,加快上海原油现货和期货市场的建设。

中国在中亚境外经贸合作区建设的国别和产业选择

近年来,中国与中亚五国的贸易合作不断深入,在能源、农业等领域内展现出极强的经济互补性。而境外经贸合作区正是中国“一带一路”倡议的重要平台,也是促进中国与中亚五国进行贸易合作与共同发展的一个关键载体,为中国企业进一步“走出去”提供了更为便利的条件和有力的支撑。以中国与中亚五国的境外经贸合作区为主要研究对象,运用熵权法和“冷热国”对比法等相关实证方法,分析探讨其在建设过程中涉及的国别及产业选择问题,并针对问题提出相应的对策建议。