Characteristics and distributions of humic acids in two soil profiles of the southwest China Karst area

Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.

The General Characteristics and Distribution of the Glaucophane-Schist Belts of China

On the basis of the temperature variation, the glaucophane-schist facies Gan be classified into two faciesgroups, the glaucophane-lawsonite facies group and the glaucophane-greenschist facies group, and forms vari-ous facies series with other metamorphic facies. Glaucophane-schist belts of China are of different types withregard to their average T-P gradients and tectonic environments. They are: (1) Proterozoic intracratonicglaucophane-schist belts, (2) Caledonian intracratonic glaucophane-schist belts, (3) Palaeozoic pericratonicglaucophane-schist belts along the northern margin of the Chinese Platform, and (4) Meso-Cenozoicglaucophane-schist belts related to subduction. The initiation and evolution of glaucophane-schist metamorphism are related to their tectonic environ-ments. Most glaucophane-schist belts of China were formed in sialic environments. First the crust began tobreak up and eventually oceanic crust was formed. It seems that a non-uniformitarian mechanism may be in-volved as this evolution is related to the change of the configuration of the heat flow within the crust.

Distribution and Characteristics of Dinosaur Eggs in China

China is one of the most prolific countries for dinosaur material in the world, from skeletons to footprints and eggs. At present, China has documented more than 160 kinds of dinosaur, 35 genera and 39 ichnospecies of dinosaur footprints, and 17 genera and 44 oospecies of dinosaur eggs. The dinosaur eggs in China are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Guangdong （Fig. 1）, especially in Xixia of Henan, Nanxiong of Guangdong and Yunxian County of Hubei, which have the widest distribution, the best preservation and the most diversity.

Distribution Characteristics of Spermophilus dauricus in Manchuria City in China in 2015 through ‘3S' Technology

Plague is a virulent infectious disease in China. In this study, ＇3S＇ technology was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis for Spermophilus dauricus （S. Dauricus, a species of ground squirrel） captured in Manchuria City in 2015. The results were visually inspected. During the two-month （May to July） plague surveillance in 2015, 198 S.

The distribution characteristics of clay minerals in the northern South China Sea

The clay minearals are composed of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and mixed-layer minerals in the submarine sediments of the northern South China Sea. Three types of clay mineral zone can be recognized on the basis of the distributive regularity of clay minerals, submarine relief, hydrodynamic conditions and depositional characteristics in this region. Apart from the northern mainland source, kaolinites carried from the Philippines volcanic arc in the east and Malaysia in the south are also assumed to be one of the sources of the clay minerals in the deep sea. The increase of chlorites to the abyssal direction in the west of 116° E might be associated with the residual chlorites carried from the ancient Zhujiang River during the glacial period and the conversion of kaolinite into chlorite submarine volcanoes appear to be one of the sources of the increment of montmorillonite and chlorite around the Huangyan Island. From the distribution pattern of clay minerals in the whole area, it is known that the types of clay mineral assemblage in the study area are mainly controlled by climate and rock types of the source are-

Power Market Development with Considerations of Characteristics of China Power Sector

The current world trend of electric power industry reform is to establish electric power market and introduce competition mechanism. China is no exception. This paper reviewed the recent industry reform of China’s electric power sector and elaborated the necessity of establishing electric power markets first. Then it discussed the electric power market models in China. Certain important problems and observations relevant to the electric power market design were further pointed out, based on the practice experiences in Sichuan Province.

Analysis of Some Characteristics of the Fault Activities in Eastern China by Satellite Images

Active faults have special electromagnetic effect and remote sensing characteristics, and exhibit unique im-agery marks in satellite images. A comprehensive comparison of images of active faults in eastern China and ananalysis of geologic and geomorphic data can tell us some characteristics of fault activity in the area during theneotectonic period: 1) The fault activities of the north-south tectonic zone, North China and Taiwan werestronger than those of southeastern and northeastern China; 2) the faulting in the north-south tectonic zone,North China and Taiwan has continued up to now, and most of the fault activites in southeastern andnorth-eastern China have become weaker since the Middle Pleistocene; 3) the activity is unsteady in time, mostbeing intermittent, or episodic, i.e. alternately strong and weak; 4) most active faults of a definite size can be di-vided into several segments which somewhat differ from each other in the characteristics of the activity.

An Examination of the Concepts and Principles of China's Major-Country Diplomacy with Its Own Characteristics for a New Era

The victorious convening of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has indicated China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics has entered a new era.Rooted in China’s diplomatic practices since the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC,this paper is intended to elaborate on the issues relating to the concepts and principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era,in a bid to establish a basic framework for their studies.The core concepts of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include a community with a shared future for humanity;inclusive development;amity,sincerity,mutual benefit,and inclusiveness;and the correct view on righteousness and interests.And the basic principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include being enthusiastic and pressing on;bottom-line thinking;win-win cooperation;and mutual consultation,joint construction and co-sharing.These concepts and principles should be applied in China’s concrete diplomatic practices.

Five characteristics of China textile industry performance in 2017 Former and present driving forces transferred significantly

According to the 2017 Summary Conference of China National Textile and Apparel Council(CNTAC)held on January 22nd to 23rd,in the first 11 months of 2017,the overall operation of China’s textile industry showed a steady growth rate,stable domestic demand growth。

China Embarks on a Road towards Human Rights Progress with Chinese Characteristics

The first Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies（CSHRS） from April 21-23, 2008. Following is the speech made by Luo Haocai, President of CSHRS, at the opening ceremony on April 21.

Taking the Path of Poverty Reduction with Chinese Characteristics to Promote New Progress in China's Human Rights——A Keynote Speech at the Opening Ceremony of 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights

The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all guests from home and abroad.

Geochemical variation of volcanic rocks from the South China Sea and neighboring land: Implication for magmatic process and mantle structure

Geochemical study of Kon Tum（KT） plateau, Sanshui（SS） basin and Daimao（DM） seamount volcanic rocks provides new insight into magmatic processes and characteristics of the mantle source beneath the South China Sea（SCS） basin and its surroundings. Geological signature of basaltic lavas from KT, SS and DM indicate rather than a deep-rooted plume derived from the core-mantle boundary, a shallower mantle domain, such as subcontinental lithosphere mantle or asthenospheric mantle, is more likely to be the mantle source region beneath the SCS basin and its adjacent areas. The mantle source beneath the SCS basin has been shown to be more depleted relative to the source regions of the SS basin and the KT plateau, indicating that the magmatism in the SS basin has been interrupted due to the SCS spreading and then recovered in the KT plateau area. The mantle heterogeneity has been sampled and an enriched component that is geochemically comparable to EM2 endmember has been identified in the mantle source region of the SCS basin and its surroundings. This EM2 component was formed by the recycling of Mesozoic subducted proto-SCS slab along with terrigenous sediments.

Characteristics of Photosynthetic Fluorescence of Dominant Submerged Plants in Nanjishan Wetland of Poyang Lake in Winter

Based on the investigation of the species and frequency of submerged plants in Nanjishan Wetland of Poyang Lake in the winter of 2013,chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of the dominant submerged plants were studied using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. The results indicate that the major submerged plants of Nanjishan Wetland in Poyang Lake in winter included Hydrilla verticillata,Vallisneria natans,Najas minor,Potamogeton pectinatus,Nymphoides peltatum,Myriophyllum verticillatum and so on,and the dominant species were mainly H. verticillata and V. natans in different submerged plant communities. The chlorophyll content of H. verticillata is higher than that of V.natans,and the photosynthesis intensity of H. verticillata is stronger than that of V. natans. The value of Ca / Cb of H. verticillata is not large,which shows that the light-harvesting capacity of H. verticillata＇s chlorophyll is considerable in different sampling sites. The highest value of QY-max of V.natans is up to 0. 732,while the lowest value is only 0. 465; the highest value of QY-max of H. verticillata is 0. 677,while the lowest value is 0. 556.All values of QY-max of the submerged plants were lower than 0. 8,which shows that the submerged plants in Nanjishan Wetland of Poyang Lake may be subjected to certain external stress,which indicates that the external stress might cause some damage for the PSII reaction centers.

Climatic Change Characteristics of Thunderstorm in Zhangjiakou City

In order to understand the climatic change trend and characteristics of thunderstorm in Zhangjiakou City,and provide climate background basis for the thunder prevention and lightning disaster reduction in the region,observation data of the thunderstorm at Zhangjiakou ground meteorological station from 1960 to 2013 were statistically analyzed by linear fitting,climate trend rate,M-K test,guaranteed rate method and so on. The results showed that the average annual thunderstorm days reached 37. 7 d in Zhangjiakou City from 1960 to 2013,and was in the moderate thunderstorm range. In nearly 54 years,thunderstorm day was reducing at the rate of about 1. 21 d /10 a in the city. There was thunderstorm in other three seasons except winter,and thunderstorm frequently occurred in summer. Summer thunderstorm day was reducing at the rate of about 1. 29 d /10 a,which caused the reduction of the annual one. In summer,thunderstorm day of July reduced most significantly. There were two key points of abrupt reduction,which occurred in 1971 and 1998,on the change of thunderstorm days in Zhangjiakou in recent 54 years. The first thunderstorm date had an advancing trend in recent years,while the final date had not an obvious change. The possibility of thunderstorm was very small from late October to next March in Zhangjiakou City. The first thunderstorm date occurred mostly before middle May,and the period from middle and late May to early and middle September was the high incidence of thunderstorm. The thunderstorm occurred mostly in the NW direction,with the least in E and SE directions,and dissipated mostly in SE direction,with the least in NW and W directions.

Characteristics Analysis of the Temperature inside and outside the Themometer Shelter in Changsha during Summer

A statistical analysis on the simultaneous observation data of the temperature inside and outside the themometer shelter in Changsha during summer of 2011 and 2012 was carried out. The results show that the temperature outside the themometer shelter is higher（ lower） than that inside the themometer shelter in the daytime（ nighttime）. However,there exists a similar variation trend for the average temperature and the extremely maximum temperature inside and outside the themometer shelter in summer. The average temperature and the extremely maximum temperature outside the themometer shelter are higher than that inside the themometer shelter. Furthermore,there exists a difference between the temperatures inside and outside the themometer shelter during different weather conditions. The difference of average temperature reaches 1. 2 ℃ in rainy day,2. 8 ℃ in cloudy day and 3. 1 ℃ in sunny day,and the extremely maximum temperature difference reaches 6. 4 ℃. Especially for the days of high temperature ≥35 ℃,there is 61 high temperature days inside the themometer shelter,while there is 125 high temperature days inside the themometer shelter during 2011- 2012. Furthermore,the extremely maximum temperatures inside and outside the themometer shelter are 38. 9 and42. 0 ℃ respectively. Rainfall and showery rain are the most effective ways to relieve the high temperature in summer. Therefore,the difference between the temperatures inside and outside the themometer shelter should be taken into account in the high temperature forecast and public meteorological service.

Analysis on Change Characteristics of Diurnal Temperature Range in Benxi County from 1958 to 2010

Based on annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures,diurnal temperature range,precipitation,sunshine,total cloud cover and water barometric pressure data in Benxi County from 1958 to 2010,using statistical analysis,the results show that the annual and seasonal diurnal temperature ranges present significant decreasing tendencies,and the reducing tendency is the most remarkable in winter. Autumn reducing tendency is stronger than that in spring,and it is the weakest in summer. Annual and seasonal average temperatures,average maximum and minimum temperatures all present the remarkable rising trends. Rising trend of the minimum temperature is more significant than that of the maximum temperature. The monthly mean diurnal temperature range also presents reducing tendency,and the most reducing scope appear in January and February. Annual and season diurnal temperature range changes are related to sunshine,mean minimum temperature,mean maximum temperature,precipitation,total cloud cover and water barometric pressure,but various essential factors are different in each season. Annual mean temperature,annual mean minimum temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual diurnal temperature range all have sudden changes,but the age is inconsistent.