1 Scope This standard specifies technical requirements, testmethods, inspection rules, packing, marking and qualitycertificate of electro-fused mullite. This standard is applied to the synthesized electro-fused mullite.
The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st,Mr.Pu Changcheng,the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and...The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st,Mr.Pu Changcheng,the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine(AQSIQ),Mr. Ji Zhengkun,the administrator of the Standardization Administration of展开更多
is published bimonthly by CAS and it is sponsored by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantineof the P.R.C.(AQSIQ).It is the exclusive publisher of the Announcement of Newly Approved ...is published bimonthly by CAS and it is sponsored by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantineof the P.R.C.(AQSIQ).It is the exclusive publisher of the Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of the P.R.C.,the展开更多
By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English ...By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English competency of nonEnglish majors in second-tier universities,which was conducted using questionnaires that includes six dimensions of language expression:accuracy,complexity,coherence,fluency,appropriateness,and flexibility.The results showed that:(i)the overall oral English competency of college non-English majors hasn't met the statements of CSE level five;(ii)female students significantly outperformed male students,and business majors students significantly outperformed those in liberal arts majors who were significantly better than those in science majors;(iii)there was no significant difference between grades;(iv)the flexibility,coherence and accuracy of language expression almost reached the standard grade,but the common core difficulties faced by the students were mainly in pronunciation,scope oflanguage expression,fluency and appropriateness.Unclear goals,less practice and poor vocabulary were major impact factors.The research is helpful for strengthening students?knowledge on their own oral English competency as well as adjusting their oral practice objectives,thereby shedding light on students5 actual oral English proficiency and helping to clarify and refine the teaching objectives of speaking and promote the effective practice of oral English as well as the rational application of CSE.展开更多
Medical graduates are not fully trained physicians when they leave medical school.Currently,standardized training for resident doctors in most hospitals in China is carried out according to the Ministry of Health guid...Medical graduates are not fully trained physicians when they leave medical school.Currently,standardized training for resident doctors in most hospitals in China is carried out according to the Ministry of Health guidelines.However,these guidelines provide only outline guidance,and specific resident training is managed independently by and varies with individual institutions.Therefore,it is important to study training demand to learn about the content and emphasis of training.展开更多
The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the...The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control（CDC） at all levels in China. In the CIDARS, thresholds are determined using the ？Mean＋2SD？ in the early stage which have limitations. This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the ？Mean ＋2SD？ method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal ？Outbreak Gold Standard（OGS）？ and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection. Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year. The ？Mean＋2 SD？, C1, C2, moving average（MA）, seasonal model（SM）, and cumulative sum（CUSUM） algorithms were applied. Outbreak signals for the predicted value（Px） were calculated using a percentile-based moving window. When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week, this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm. In this study, six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A（chickenpox and mumps）, TYPE B（influenza and rubella） and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and scarlet fever]. Optimized thresholds for chickenpox（P_（55））, mumps（P_（50））, influenza（P_（40）, P_（55）, and P_（75））, rubella（P_（45） and P_（75））, HFMD（P_（65） and P_（70））, and scarlet fever（P_（75） and P_（80）） were identified. The C1, C2, CUSUM, SM, and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A. All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B. C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C. It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.展开更多
On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing...On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.展开更多
Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.T...Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.展开更多
Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards r... Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.……展开更多
The products of ecological textile have represented nowadays the new trend of global consumption and production of textile while become an important means for some countries to utilize “green barrier” as a limitatio...The products of ecological textile have represented nowadays the new trend of global consumption and production of textile while become an important means for some countries to utilize “green barrier” as a limitation of import of textile products. Following the entrance of China into the WTO,the position of “green barrier ” becomes significantly important in the trade of textile products. As China is a big country of textile production,speeding up the research on standards for products of ecological textile,countering the latest situation appearing in international trade of textile,to take as quickly as possible responsive measures is a very urgent problem in breaking through the foreign technical trade barrier and promoting the development of foreign trade.展开更多
General foundation and technology 1.GB/T 5611-1998:Foundry terminology 2.GB/T 5678-1985:Method for sampling cast alloys for spectrochemical analysis 3.GB/T 6060.1-1997:Roughness comparison specimens-Cast
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), one of the currently worlswide largest and most authoritative international standardization organizations,is specialized in developing and promulgating internationa... International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), one of the currently worlswide largest and most authoritative international standardization organizations,is specialized in developing and promulgating international standards for the electric and electronic fields, which are widespread adopted through out the world and play an important role in the international trade of electric and electronic products. Moreover, according to the 2005 statistics by the World Bank, the population of countries participating in the IEC activities accounts for 92% of the world total and their trade volume accounts for 95% of the global total. ……展开更多
China Association for Standardization (CAS) was founded in 1978,consisting of organizations and individuals engaged in standardization in national wide based on the voluntary participating.It is a public society of st...China Association for Standardization (CAS) was founded in 1978,consisting of organizations and individuals engaged in standardization in national wide based on the voluntary participating.It is a public society of standardization enjoying a legal status approved by the Ministry of展开更多
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies technical requirements, testmethods, inspection rules, packing, marking and qualitycertificate of electro-fused mullite. This standard is applied to the synthesized electro-fused mullite.
文摘The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st,Mr.Pu Changcheng,the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine(AQSIQ),Mr. Ji Zhengkun,the administrator of the Standardization Administration of
文摘is published bimonthly by CAS and it is sponsored by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantineof the P.R.C.(AQSIQ).It is the exclusive publisher of the Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of the P.R.C.,the
基金the Project"Research on Peer Education in College English Classroom Reconstruction"(GD18WZX34)A Study of Chinese SBUs from the Perspective of Ritual Theory of Interpersonal Relations55(GD17WXZ19)supported by Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation.
文摘By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English competency of nonEnglish majors in second-tier universities,which was conducted using questionnaires that includes six dimensions of language expression:accuracy,complexity,coherence,fluency,appropriateness,and flexibility.The results showed that:(i)the overall oral English competency of college non-English majors hasn't met the statements of CSE level five;(ii)female students significantly outperformed male students,and business majors students significantly outperformed those in liberal arts majors who were significantly better than those in science majors;(iii)there was no significant difference between grades;(iv)the flexibility,coherence and accuracy of language expression almost reached the standard grade,but the common core difficulties faced by the students were mainly in pronunciation,scope oflanguage expression,fluency and appropriateness.Unclear goals,less practice and poor vocabulary were major impact factors.The research is helpful for strengthening students?knowledge on their own oral English competency as well as adjusting their oral practice objectives,thereby shedding light on students5 actual oral English proficiency and helping to clarify and refine the teaching objectives of speaking and promote the effective practice of oral English as well as the rational application of CSE.
基金supported by the Qingdao City Public Science and Technology Support Program of Soft Science Research Project(11-2-3-75-(50)-zhc)
文摘Medical graduates are not fully trained physicians when they leave medical school.Currently,standardized training for resident doctors in most hospitals in China is carried out according to the Ministry of Health guidelines.However,these guidelines provide only outline guidance,and specific resident training is managed independently by and varies with individual institutions.Therefore,it is important to study training demand to learn about the content and emphasis of training.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education,Fudan University,China(No.GW2015-1)
文摘The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control（CDC） at all levels in China. In the CIDARS, thresholds are determined using the ？Mean＋2SD？ in the early stage which have limitations. This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the ？Mean ＋2SD？ method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal ？Outbreak Gold Standard（OGS）？ and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection. Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year. The ？Mean＋2 SD？, C1, C2, moving average（MA）, seasonal model（SM）, and cumulative sum（CUSUM） algorithms were applied. Outbreak signals for the predicted value（Px） were calculated using a percentile-based moving window. When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week, this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm. In this study, six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A（chickenpox and mumps）, TYPE B（influenza and rubella） and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and scarlet fever]. Optimized thresholds for chickenpox（P_（55））, mumps（P_（50））, influenza（P_（40）, P_（55）, and P_（75））, rubella（P_（45） and P_（75））, HFMD（P_（65） and P_（70））, and scarlet fever（P_（75） and P_（80）） were identified. The C1, C2, CUSUM, SM, and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A. All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B. C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C. It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41001108,40971107)Beijing MunicipalNatural Science Foundation (No. 9113029)
文摘On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.
基金the financial support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX1-YW-09-04,KACX1-YW-0906)the European Community (227202,NTM-IMPACT044255,SSPE)
文摘Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.
文摘 Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.……
文摘The products of ecological textile have represented nowadays the new trend of global consumption and production of textile while become an important means for some countries to utilize “green barrier” as a limitation of import of textile products. Following the entrance of China into the WTO,the position of “green barrier ” becomes significantly important in the trade of textile products. As China is a big country of textile production,speeding up the research on standards for products of ecological textile,countering the latest situation appearing in international trade of textile,to take as quickly as possible responsive measures is a very urgent problem in breaking through the foreign technical trade barrier and promoting the development of foreign trade.
文摘General foundation and technology 1.GB/T 5611-1998:Foundry terminology 2.GB/T 5678-1985:Method for sampling cast alloys for spectrochemical analysis 3.GB/T 6060.1-1997:Roughness comparison specimens-Cast
文摘 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), one of the currently worlswide largest and most authoritative international standardization organizations,is specialized in developing and promulgating international standards for the electric and electronic fields, which are widespread adopted through out the world and play an important role in the international trade of electric and electronic products. Moreover, according to the 2005 statistics by the World Bank, the population of countries participating in the IEC activities accounts for 92% of the world total and their trade volume accounts for 95% of the global total. ……
文摘China Association for Standardization (CAS) was founded in 1978,consisting of organizations and individuals engaged in standardization in national wide based on the voluntary participating.It is a public society of standardization enjoying a legal status approved by the Ministry of
