Current guidelines for Helicobacter pylori treatment in East Asia 2022:Differences among China,Japan,and South Korea

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in East Asia. The overallseroprevalence rate of H. pylori infection is 44.2% in China, 37.6%-43.2% in Japan,and 51.0% in South Korea. H. pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastriccancer. East Asian countries have high rates of gastric cancer (age-standardizedincidence rate: 20-30 per 100000). The Kyoto global consensus report emphasizedthat H. pylori gastritis should be considered the main cause for the development ofgastric cancer. H. pylori treatment guidelines in China, Japan, and South Koreahave recently been revised according to data from each of those countries.However, emerging antibiotic resistance is an important barrier to H. pylorieradication. The recommended H. pylori treatment regimens differ among thosethree East Asian countries. In this review, recent guidelines and up-to-dateresearch on H. pylori treatment regimens from China, Japan, and South Korea arediscussed.

Clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions: Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong, China;Taiwan, China

Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.

Factors associated with the nurses’intent to stay in China,Japan,and Korea:an integrative review

Objective:Nurse’s dimission and attrition are globally considered as a public health issue.However,few studies have focused on the nurse shortage from the perspective of intent to stay,as previous studies have focused only on why they left.The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the factors connected with why nurses in China,Japan,and Korea stay in their current workplace.Methods:The review was done using three databases namely CNKI,Wanfang,and Web of science.The relevant studies published by Chinese,Japanese,and Koreans from 2010 were also included in this review.Literature screening and data extraction were performed by the two researchers,and the qualitative research methods were used for analysis.Results:A total of 17 studies were analyzed in this review and of these two were qualitative and 15 were quantitative.Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the synthesization of the data of 17 studies,which will help us to find the factors for nurses’intent to stay.The three aspects such as professional characteristics,nurses’individual characteristics,and organizational factors are the main contributing factors of nurses’intent to stay.Conclusions:This integrated review has thrown some important factors about nurses’intent to stay.It is increasingly clear that when(1)nurses have a good professional status,(2)nurses could enjoy a good working relationship,(3)the workplace could meet the needs of personal development,and(4)nurses have good organizational support and excellent leaders,they are inclined to stay in their current jobs.Managers need to adopt targeted measures to improve nurses’intent to stay and to provide a practical reference for health care institutions and managers in different countries and areas to increase the retention rate of nurses and to alleviate the current situation of nurse shortage.

China Forges Closer Cultural Ties with Japan and South Korea

China’s cultural dxchanges with foreign countries have advanced from separate and shortterm prog5rams inta conprehensive and largescale alal activities the 2000 ferlin asia-pacific week highlighting chinese culture has just wuond up successfully china culture year will be heid in france in

An Inquiry into the Approach to Asian Regional Trade Integration Under the Belt and Road Initiative——The Case of the Alignment of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area

It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.

China,Japan and South Korea Discuss New Opportunities Brought About by the RCEP

This year marks the 50th an­niversary of the normaliza­tion of diplomatic relations between China and Japan,and is also the 30th anniversary of the establishment of formal diplomatic rela­tions between China and South Korea.The signing of the RCEP has opened up new developmental opportunities for all three countries.The fifth China-Japan-Korea Business Conference was recently held in Zhejiang.Around 400 business del­egates from the three countries gath­ered in Shaoxing City to discuss how to further cooperation and achieve better development under the frame­work of the RCEP。

Morphological and genetic comparison of two strains of a Prorocentrum species isolated from Zhejiang coastal water of China and Masan Bay of Korea

In this paper, we examined the detailed morphology of two strains of Prorocentrum isolated from the coastal waters of Zhejiang (Wenling area), China, and Masan Bay of Korea. A taxonomic comparison was made among strains on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The cellular dimensions of the Chinese Wenling strain (LAMB090508) and Korean strain (PDKS0206) were similar and the cells of both strains were of asymmetric and elongated shape. The posterior end of most cells was rounded. Megacytic zones of aged cells were broader with dense tiny knobs. The roundish nucleus was located in the posterior part of the cell. A few irregular shaped chloroplasts were distributed within the cell. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains, determined from the 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences, was 99.83%. The comparative results of morphology and molecular analysis suggest that both strains isolated from China and Korea were the identical species, Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu.

ON PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFINITIES OF THE FOREST FLORAS BETWEEN EAST CHINA AND JAPAN

The flora of the eastern China is the main part of Sino-Japaners floristic region. It shows from the analysis and comparison that the floristic relation of East China with Japan is closer than that with northeast China and Korea. The similarity indices of genera and species of seed plants in the two regions are very high, being 72.6% and 43.3% respectively. The structure and species composition of broad-leaval evergreen forests in the two regions are also similar, and there exist many corresponding communities, such as the forests of Castanopsis carlesii and C. sieboldii. Many plants in East China are conspecific with there in Japan, such as Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Magnolia sieboldii, Nandina domestica etc. Though the genera of Ginkgo, Liriodendron, Sassafras etc. existing now in China are extinct from Japan, their fossils have been discovered from the Tertiary strata in Japan. It seems to indicate that the phytogeographical affinities between East China and Japan are closer in ancient the than it is now, and both of the forest floras originated from the same flora. The flora in Japan did not evolve independently until it separated from Chinese continent and drifted northeastwards in the late period of the Tertiary.

Temporal variation of gravity-field in North China before and after the 2011 Japan Mw9. 0 earthquake

By using absolute and relative-gravity data recorded by the gravity network in North China, we obtained some large-scale and high-spatial-resolution images of gravity variation in this area for the first time. By analyzing these images, we found that the gravity in Liaodong peninsula area showed an obvious increase of 80 × 10^-8ms^-2 during about one- and-half year before the 2011 Japan Mwg. 0 earthquake, and a rapid decrease after the earthquake. This gravity variation is similar to that observed previously for the 1976 Tangshan 1147.8 earthquake.

Impact of Autumn SST in the Japan Sea on Winter Rainfall and Air Temperature in Northeast China

We studied the impact of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the Japan Sea and the sea area east of Japan on the winter rainfall and air temperature in Northeast(NE) China using the singular value decomposition(SVD) and empirical orthogonal function(EOF). The monthly-mean rainfall data observed at 160 stations in China, monthly-mean sea surface temperature(SST) of the Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research and monthly-mean air temperature from the NCEP reanalysis during 1960–2011 were used. Correlation analysis indicates that the SSTAs in the Japan Sea in September may last for three or four months and are an important index for forecasting the winter rainfall and air temperature in NE China. Positive SSTAs in the central Japan Sea and in the sea area east of Tokyo correspond to positive rainfall anomaly and negative air temperature anomaly in NE China. With the rise of SST in the Japan Sea, a weak cyclone appears over the Japan Sea. The northeasterly wind transports water vapor from the Okhotsk to NE China, resulting in more rainfall and lower air temperature. Negative SSTA years are accompanied by warmer air temperature and less snow in NE China. The 1000 h Pa geopotential height anomaly and wind anomaly fields are simulated by IAP-9L model, which supports the analysis results.

Comparative Study on the E-waste Recycling Systems in Japan and China

This study aims to identify processes, current situations and issues of recycling systems for four home appliances, namely, air conditioners, television receivers, refrigerators, and washing machines, among e-wastes in China and Japan for understanding and comparison of their characteristics. In accordance with results of a literature search, review of information disclosed online, and questionnaire survey conducted, the findings of this study are summarized in the following two points： （1） The results show that in Japan most of the home appliances mentioned above have been collected through home appliance recycling tickets, resulting in an issue of ＂requiring some effort＂ in treatment and recycling stages, and most plants have contracted out their e-waste recycling; （2） It is found out that advantages of the recycling system in Japan include easiness to monitor concrete data and thorough environmental friendliness ensured while its disadvantages include illegal dumping and export. It becomes apparent that advantages of the recycling system in China include a high reuse rate, low treatment cost, and fewer illegal dumping while its disadvantages include less safe reused products, environmental pollution caused by e-waste treatment, illegal import and difficulty in obtaining data.

A comparative study of organic agriculture development between China and South Korea

Human activities including modern agriculture have caused environmental pollution, so people begin to pay attentton to safe food. As a result, organic agriculture has emerged. Organic agriculture in South Korea （hereinafter referred as Korea） and China has developed rapidly since the appearance of organic agriculture in 1970s and 1980s respectively. Organic agriculture in China and Korea has developed steadily through agricultural support policies, certification management, institutions construction etc. In the development of organtc agriculture, China and Korea are now facing some technical and extension problems. In general however the development of organic agriculture in China lags behind Korea. China can learn from the experience about the development of organic agriculture in Korea to solve contradiction between development of organic agriculture and food safety, to strengthen the organic food certification, to introduce a system of agricultural direct payment and other positive measures, thus will guarantee steady and healthy development of organic agriculture in China.

Phytogeographical Affinities of Forest Floras between China and Japan

The flora of eastem China is the main part of Sino-Japanese floristic region. It shows by the analysis and com-parison that the floristic relations of Eastem China with Japan are closer than that ofnortheast China with Korea. The simi-larity indices of genera and species of seed plants in the two regions are very high, being 72.6% and 43.3% respectively.The strure and species compositi6n of broad-leaved evergreen forests in the two regions are also similar, in which there'exist the corresponding communities, such as the forests of Castanopsis carlesii,C.Sieboldii.. Many plants in Easter Chinaare nonspecilic with those in Japan, e. g, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Magolia sieboldii, Nandina domestica etc.. Though thegnera Ginkgo, Liriodendron, Sassafixis etc. existing now in China are extinct from Japan, their fossils have been discov-ered from the Tertiary Strata in Japan. It seems to indicate that the Phytogeographical affinities between Japan and E. Chinawas closer in ancient time than it is now; and both of the forest floras originated from one same flora. The flora in Japan did not evolve indepently until it separated from Chinese continent and drifted to northeast in the late period of the Tertiary.

Comparative Study on Efficiency of the Seaports in China and Korea

The efficiency of the seaport has been variously studied utilizing either data envelopment analysis( DEA) or stochastic Frontier analysis( SFA). Given the strengths and weaknesses associated with these two approaches, applying both models to compute efficiency estimates for the 11 seaports of the China and Korea from 2012-2016 and comparing the results obtained. Main finding facts of this paper are as follows:( i) there are some differences among relative efficiency levels,but almost no differences among efficiency ranks in DEA and SFA results.( ii) The tendency of VRS is stronger in Chinese coastal seaports during the past several years.( iii) The values among seaports in SFA model are relatively smaller than those in the DEA models. The results show that the efficiency of major seaports in Korea is far lower than that of ports in China.

The journey,gain,and thought from engaging in the research of Chinese herbal medicines in China,Japan,and United States

<正>Since early 80s of last century,Chinese herbal medicines focused on the isolation and structural identification of active/chemical compounds have being investigated,started the journey from Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After one year(1985~1986) advanced study in Prof.Jingxi Xie's laboratory in the

A Study on Ginseng Price Fluctuations in China and South Korea

China and South Korea are the main producers and exporters of ginseng. This paper mainly discusses the characteristics of ginseng price fluctuations in China and South Korea. As people continue to understand the concept of homology of medicine and food,there is still an increasing international demand for ginseng,and the favorable market can be expected.

A study on marine industry and environment of China: regarding Japan's experience

China is facing the challenge of many marine environment problems with rapid economic growth. Japan had experienced similar marine environmental pressure during its industrialization and had been facing the problem through successful environment policy step by step. The paper reviews the lessons and experiences of Japan’s marine environment protection and analyzes the marine environment pollution in China and its causes, taking Shandong province as a case, such as GDP-oriented economic growth, heavy coal assumption, etc. The paper also analyzes the marine industry with focuses on coastal tourism and its relationship with marine environment. Suggestions on polices are provided based on the analysis on China’ marine environment and Japan’s experience.

Comparison of Embodied Energy/CO_(2)of Office Buildings in China and Japan

The embodied energy/CO2 of buildings in China and Japan, which reflects the characteristic industrial efficiency ofbui｜ding materials, is described in this paper. The energy consumption and CO2 intensities for the dominant materials used in buildings are derived from the energy consumption in factories, and the energy consumption to produce equipment is derived from IO （input/output） analysis in order to compare the embodied energy/CO2 for buildings between China and Japan based on the same estimation method. Although the energy consumption of structures in China is two to three times greater than in Japan, the interior finish and air conditioning equipment, for example, are simpler and smaller. As a result, the embodied energy/CO2 of office buildings in China is only 10% to 20% greater than that of Japanese office buildings. Thus, the embodied energy/CO2 of buildings depends on both industrial efficiencies and building design trends of the country.

Review on Wind Power Development and Relevant Policies between China and Japan

China has abundant wind energy resources and huge development potential among developing countries.Japan is a developed country that planned to increase the use of renewable energy,especially wind energy.This research is aimed at reviewing the development of wind power and relevant policies between China and Japan.Firstly,we introduced the current status of global wind power development,such as the global installed capacity of wind power.The annual development of wind power generation in China and Japan is compared,and the distribution characteristics of wind resources are compared.Furthermore,the market share in China and Japan is introduced.Finally,according to the comparison of the government policies between China and Japan,we pointed out the existing problems in the wind power industry.In addition,we gave some suggestions on the development of wind power for China and Japan.These suggestions should be taken into account when designing national climate policies and have an important reference value for the future development of China’s wind energy industry.