China, Russia and India, three Eurasian BRICS countries, are close neighbors, geographically located in the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean respectively. The research questions why these three cou...China, Russia and India, three Eurasian BRICS countries, are close neighbors, geographically located in the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean respectively. The research questions why these three countries have some similar characteristics in their diplomacies and foreign policies, which differentiates them both from traditional developed countries and typical developing countries. Before the assessment of this question, analysis of culture and its characteristics, international strategies and diplomacies of these three BRICS countries is necessary and appropriate. Culture plays a special and crucial role in international politics or international relations. The unique cultures of Eurasian BRICS countries, China, Russia and India, have special influences on their diplomacies, which has created a new landscape in current world economy and politics.展开更多
This paper will mention Marxist propositions, presented since the mid-19th century, about capitalism, socialism, and internationalism. According to Marx, socialism would replace capitalism and internationalism would o...This paper will mention Marxist propositions, presented since the mid-19th century, about capitalism, socialism, and internationalism. According to Marx, socialism would replace capitalism and internationalism would occur through the dissolution of nation states. Later, Marxist circles presented a historical arrow in the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 socialism 〉 internationalism. Taking into account recent steps of globalization and measures imposed by national governments in the face of the deep financial crisis of 2008, it is interesting to compare the above theory with some historical events that have happened since the 19th century. Much has happened that Marx did not predict. Considering the world trajectory since the Second World War, it seems that the historical arrow has the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 internationalism 〉 hybridism of capitalism and socialism 〉？展开更多
Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change.If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct,then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreve...Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change.If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct,then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreversible.The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted the potential extinction of many species and that the existence of small-island and other vulnerable countries will be threatened if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue.Climate change is a transboundary problem and requires unprecedented levels of cooperation between states and serious and sustained responses from major emitters.However,the growing demand and consumption of natural resources for continued energy security and cornucopian economic growth have undermined the outcomes of international climate change negotiations.It is argued here that there is a strong connection between the major emitters'positions at United Nations'climate talks,their possessions,dependence and consumption of natural resources,and the continued undermining of international climate change policy for unsustainable growth.This paper assesses the resource politics of the US,China,India,Canada,Russia,and Saudi Arabia and their positions at climate talks to show the link between lack of climate change policy progress and the positions of these main players.展开更多
The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a compara...The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world＇s population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV （PLHIV） and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil （.5%）, Russia （1.1%）, India （.3%）, China （.1%）, and South Africa （12.2%）. New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world＇s fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.展开更多
文摘China, Russia and India, three Eurasian BRICS countries, are close neighbors, geographically located in the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean respectively. The research questions why these three countries have some similar characteristics in their diplomacies and foreign policies, which differentiates them both from traditional developed countries and typical developing countries. Before the assessment of this question, analysis of culture and its characteristics, international strategies and diplomacies of these three BRICS countries is necessary and appropriate. Culture plays a special and crucial role in international politics or international relations. The unique cultures of Eurasian BRICS countries, China, Russia and India, have special influences on their diplomacies, which has created a new landscape in current world economy and politics.
文摘This paper will mention Marxist propositions, presented since the mid-19th century, about capitalism, socialism, and internationalism. According to Marx, socialism would replace capitalism and internationalism would occur through the dissolution of nation states. Later, Marxist circles presented a historical arrow in the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 socialism 〉 internationalism. Taking into account recent steps of globalization and measures imposed by national governments in the face of the deep financial crisis of 2008, it is interesting to compare the above theory with some historical events that have happened since the 19th century. Much has happened that Marx did not predict. Considering the world trajectory since the Second World War, it seems that the historical arrow has the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 internationalism 〉 hybridism of capitalism and socialism 〉？
文摘Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change.If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct,then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreversible.The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted the potential extinction of many species and that the existence of small-island and other vulnerable countries will be threatened if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue.Climate change is a transboundary problem and requires unprecedented levels of cooperation between states and serious and sustained responses from major emitters.However,the growing demand and consumption of natural resources for continued energy security and cornucopian economic growth have undermined the outcomes of international climate change negotiations.It is argued here that there is a strong connection between the major emitters'positions at United Nations'climate talks,their possessions,dependence and consumption of natural resources,and the continued undermining of international climate change policy for unsustainable growth.This paper assesses the resource politics of the US,China,India,Canada,Russia,and Saudi Arabia and their positions at climate talks to show the link between lack of climate change policy progress and the positions of these main players.
文摘The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world＇s population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV （PLHIV） and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil （.5%）, Russia （1.1%）, India （.3%）, China （.1%）, and South Africa （12.2%）. New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world＇s fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.
