Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement:China’s role and implications for sustainable Arctic governance

The opening of the Arctic Ocean has prompted the signing of the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean(CAOF Agreement)by 10 parties,including the five Arctic Ocean coastal states and the world’s leading distant-water fishing states.The negotiation process,initiated by the United States,progressed in two stages:the“A5 process”and the“A5+5 process”.The CAOF Agreement sets a precedent for cooperation between Arctic and non-Arctic states in managing Arctic high seas resources.It also incorporates several innovative management approaches for Arctic fisheries,such as the precautionary approach,ecosystem-based management,and state-of-the-art scientific knowledge as the basis for decision-making.Since 2015,China has actively participated in the negotiation and implementation of the CAOF Agreement.This article carefully analyzes the background and progressiveness of the CAOF Agreement and examines the responsibility that all state parties share concerning the sustainable use of marine living resources in the Central Arctic Ocean.The article also reviews China’s interests and engagement in the Arctic region,withparticular attention to its participation in the CAOF Agreement.Finally,the article concludes by discussing China’s role and implications for sustainable Arctic governance and its broader implications for evolving international environmental and ocean governance.

English Translation of Chinese Natural Ecological Discourse:A Corpus-based Case Study on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China

Amid the increasingly severe global natural eco-environment,it is necessary to build a natural ecological civilization by constructing an ecological civilization discourse.Against this background,this study compiles a corpus of natural ecological discourse in the English translation of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China(short for Xi).By using Wordsmith and AntConc,this study explores the linguistic features of the ecological discourse in English translation of Xi in the following dimensions,including high-frequency words,keywords,word collocations,concordance lines.This study aims to analyze the concepts and attitudes towards natural ecology,so as to provide certain valuable insights for the construction of China’s discourse on natural ecological civilization.The study found that the natural ecology discourse involving in the English translation of Xi turned out to be ecologically beneficial.

Enhancing transboundary natural tourism resources governance:unveiling the spatial pattern and its influencing factors

Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensive database of transboundary natural tourism resources(TNTR)through amalgamation of diverse data sources.Utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi^(*),kernel density estimation,and geographical detectors,we scrutinize the spatial patterns of TNTR,focusing on both named and unnamed entities,while exploring the influencing factors.Our findings reveal 7883 identified TNTR in China,with mountain tourism resources emerging as the predominant type.Among provinces,Hunan boasts the highest count,while Shanghai exhibits the lowest.Southern China demonstrates a pronounced clustering trend in TNTR distribution,with the spatial arrangement of biological landscapes appearing more random compared to geological and water landscapes.Western China,characterized by intricate terrain,exhibits fewer TNTR,concurrently unveiling a significant presence of unnamed natural tourism resources.Crucially,administrative segmentation influences TNTR development,generating disparities in regional goals,developmental stages and intensities,and management approaches.In response to these variations,we advocate for strengthening the naming of the unnamed transboundary tourism resources,constructing a geographic database of TNTR for government and establishing a collaborative management mechanism based on TNTR database.Our research contributes to elucidating the intricate landscape of TNTR,offering insights for tailored governance strategies in the realm of cross-provincial tourism resource management.

Spatial patterns of interprovincial mountain geographical names in China and implications for regional governance

Suffering from fragile environment, poor accessibility and infrastructure, as well as social,political and economic marginality, the interprovincial mountain geographical entities are difficult areas for the regional governance in China.By analyzing the spatial patterns and the influencing factors of the interprovincial mountain geographical names(IMGNs), the goal of this research is to clarify the geographical features of IMGNs and offer alternatives for the management of interprovincial mountain regions in China. The spatial visualization,the analysis of spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of IMGNs were all implemented under a geographical information system. Results showed that there were 6869 IMGNs in China according to the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014-2018)",including 4209 mountain geographical names, 1684 mountain peak geographical names and 976 the other mountain geographical names. Hunan Province had the largest number of names while Shanghai had the smallest number of names. In addition, the spatial variance of the mountain peak names and the mountain names were larger than that of the other mountain geographical names, and the IMGNs showed a significant clustering phenomenon in the southern part of China. The relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the IMGNs. The largest number of the names occurred where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 m and where the population was between 40-50 million. Density of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities declined from west to east in China. The analysis of generic names of different types of IMGNs implied that the naming of IMGNs is inconsistent. Based on these analyses, it is suggested that the government should take the IMGNs as management units, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities, standardize the generic names of IMGNs and identify areas of poverty based on the survey of IMGNs.

Cooperation and Divergence between China and the United States in the Governance of Global Climate Change

China and the United States are two key players in global climate governance.What about their relations in the field of climate change and how should we view these relations? An analysis of their relations in global climate governance is of great significance both for global multinational negotiations and their bilateral relations. The two parties have enhanced their cooperation on climate change since 2009 in terms of increasing willingness, broader scale, more diverse mechanisms and higher effectiveness. With the U.N. Paris Climate Conference 2015 approaching, China-US cooperation will inject much momentum into the multilateral process of reaching an ambitious agreement. However, there are also sharp divergences between China and the U.S. regarding principles, rules, and legal means. These divergences might become prominent during the Paris Conference and need to be addressed at the bilateral level.

China's renewed perception of global environmental governance

China's idea of a community of a shared future for humanity(CSFH)has become the guiding principle and norm to be further embedded and integrated into the country's approach to environmental governance.Under the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals,China strongly emphasizes the implementation of its national strategy to mitigate the global climate crisis,and construct international environmental institutions by advocating fair cooperation resulting in mutual gain.China's role as a responsible major country is expected to be more proactive in international process.In particular,the concept of CSFH exerts positive,far-reaching impacts on the greening of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of solid South-South relations.Based on the renewed perception,China shall undertake its responsibilities in the reform of the global environmental governance system by leading multilateralism to strengthen the capacity of relevant international institutions such as the UN.Driven by China's political will,this concept reflects China's more confident attitude toward global environmental governance.Most profoundly,mainstreaming the vision of CSFH will elevate China's role to a new level in the coming years in terms of norm creation in international environmental institutions.

China's One Health governance system:the framework and its application

One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure fosters shared understanding, trust, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives and requirements. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current integration of the One Health approach within China's existing health governance framework. It also proposes strategies for further improvement, with emphasis on the level of implementation and contributions to the advancement of One Health governance through an examination of current health policies.

Patterns of international governance in the Arctic and China's approach

The process of rapid change in the Arctic is creating both opportunities and challenges. This paper highlights interactions between different actors in the Arctic in response to multidimensional environmental, political, commercial, and human challenges. It shows that international governance in the Arctic can be characterized by global, multilateral, and regional patterns derived from different mechanisms such as the Arctic Council or the Ilulissat declaration platform, and these interactions are based on common acknowledgment of challenges, mutual interests, and coordinated actions. The paper also examines China＇s participation in international governance in the Arctic. Distinguish from non-Arctic states in a general sense, China as an important stakeholder has both the rights and the capacity to be engaged in multilevel governance patterns. The substantive contribution of China＇s participation--an explorer in scientific cooperation, a pioneer promoting environmental protection, a potential consumer and investor in relation to economic opportunities, and a promoter of local development^are deeply interdepended with the future of development of three ~overnance patterns relatin~ to international ~overnance in the Arctic.

Integrated Climate Change Risk Governance in China under the Background of Global Climate Governance

Climate change in the past one hundred years has brought important influence to the natural ecosystem and social-economic system of the world and China.The impact of future climate change is also long-term and huge,and many effects are negative or adverse.Therefore,from now on we must take measures adapting to climate change to overcome the adverse effects of climate change on social-economic-ecological system.In this paper,starting from the urgency of integrated climate change risk governance,the risk of natural disasters intensifying caused by climate change is briefly described,and engineering and non engineering measures of the integrated climate change risk governance in China's high risk region are proposed,as well as recommendations on integrated risk governance in the eastern,middle and western China.

Water resource governance in China's regional cooperation

A series of water disputes and conflicts have gradually emerged between China and some neighboring countries after 2000, influencing China's neighborhood relations. China increasingly realizes the importance and urgency of the water resource governance in the regional cooperation, but under complicated geopolitical context, China's water resource governance must serve several important main functions in its regional cooperation. Overall, water resource governance is the demands of crisis management and conflict prevention, and also is a kind of positive factor that promotes sub-regional cooperation. From the perspective of the current situation, China should take more proactive attitude toward the water resource governance, expand the areas and stakeholders of the water resource governance, and thus promote the formulation of water resource governance strategy.

CHINA'S SELF-CONFIDENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

'China should make greater contributions to mankind.'Such contributions are now to be found more and more on the level of global governance.As General Secretary Xi Jinping observed in his New Year Address of 2016,'the world is too big,and challenges are too many,to go without the voice from China being heard,without solution ideas from China being shared,without the involvement of China being needed'.

China-U.S.Relations in Global Energy Governance

This paper analyzes the development of the U.S.and the global energy governance mechanism,and the development and characteristics of China’s participation in the global energy governance mechanism.China’s participation in global energy governance has undergone a process from edge to the center.In this process,China has gradually shifted from a passive follower of global energy governance rules to an active participant in governance and shaping rules.The paper also analyzes the causes of friction and conflict in China-U.S.energy security relations from the aspects of differences in energy security concepts,conflicts between conservative and rising powers,and the struggle between regulation and anti-regulation.The promotion of China’s G20,the Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa(BRICS),the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO),the Asian Investment Bank,the Silk Road Fund,and the United States’system conformity together constitute the basic situation of China-U.S.institutional competition in the field of energy finance.Finally,the paper point out that China and the United States explore institutional arrangements for energy and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results through benign interaction.

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: CHINA’S CONTRIBUTION THROUGH THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION

Global Governance:where are we? Symbiotic associations among states and peoples have occurred over centuries whilst a semblance of collective governance on an international scale in varied forms and manifestations has existed from time immemorial.

CHINA CREATING “1+N” CENTRIC MODEL OF STATE GOVERNANCE

Through 40 years of reform and open-up,China’s system is no longer a monocentric one of centralized control and at the same time neither is it a polycentric one,but rather it is a"1+N"centric model of governance.It is a model that combines polycentric with monocentric with several centers,all of which however are centering on a mono-center.

Motorization and Governance in America and Its Implications for China

This thesis reviews the motorization of America in 20th century and studies the public governance dealing with negative impacts of motorization. The study respectively examines auto air pollution and the Clean Air Act in America,energy consumption and CAF regulations,road safety and FMVSS,traffic congestion and the traffic congestion mitigation. The fundamental objective of the thesis is to serve as a wake- up call and policy suggestions for Chinese government to mitigate the negative impacts of motorization.

An Analysis of the English Translation of Xi JinPing:The Governance Of China——From The Perspective of Toury's Translation Norms

Xi Jinping:The Governance of China is of great significance in asserting to the world the fundamental policies and statecraft of CPC.Its English translation is analyzed on the basis of Toury's translation norm theory,which guide and regulate all the processes in the translation activities.Based on preliminary norms,initial norms and initial norms,factors influencing the choice of source text,the attitude of translators as well as the specific translation strategies in the translation activity are explored with detailed cases.

Global Human Rights Governance in the United Nations Arena:China's Participation and Contribution

This paper expounds how China participates in and contributes to global human rights governance from the perspective of its participation in United Nations’ human rights affairs. For more than 70 years since the United Nations was founded, it has done a good deal of work in establishing the principles and standards for human rights, developing the connotation of human rights, setting up the international human rights treaty system, and reforming the specialized United Nations’ body on human rights, and so on. Since the United Nations was founded, China has been an active participant in and made important contributions to global human rights governance under the framework of the United Nations’ human rights conventions. It has contributed to the establishment of the principles and standards for human rights and the connotations of human rights. It has also actively joined international human rights treaties and conscientiously fulfilled its obligations.

Improving PetroChina's Company Value: a Corporate Governance Perspective

In China, the concept of corporate governance does not have a long history, and the implementation of corporate governance has been growing up with the process of China's enterprise reform especially the SOEs (state-owned enterprises) reform and economic growth. In the last two decades, China's enterprise reform has been the focus of economic reform and system reform, and the importance of corporate governance became clearly recognized among the join stock corporations which had undergone or are ongoing the corporatization progress.