Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China’s building sector—Modelling and data

The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitter globally.To achieve China’s national carbon target,the building sector in China needs to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality targets by 2030 and 2060,respectively.However,data deficiency on building energy and emissions become barriers for tracking the status of building energy and emissions,and identify potential opportunities for achieving dual carbon targets.To address these shortcomings,this study established an integrated China Building Energy and Emission Model(CBEEM).With CBEEM,this study evaluated the building-construction and building-operation energy and emissions in China,and revealed the status quo and potential challenge and opportunities.According to modelling results,building operation energy use of China was 1.06 billion tce in 2020,accounting for 21%of China’s total primary energy consumption.Building construction energy consumption was 0.52 billion tce in 2020,accounting for another 10%of total primary energy consumption.Key messages found on building carbon emissions are:building construction embodied emissions were 1.5 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are declining slowly,building operational carbon emissions were 2.2 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are still increasing.International comparisons between China and other countries on building stock,energy use intensity and carbon emission intensity were conducted as well,and help shed a light on the challenges for decarbonization of China’s building sector.Finally,technology perspectives to achieve carbon neutrality target were discussed and related policy suggestions were provided.

China's Building Materials Industry

China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of plate glass, 20.4 million pieces of sanitation ceramics and 173 million square metres of construction ceramics, showing rises of 12.89, 12.83, 123.8 and 127 percent respectively over the previous year. The output of cement and

Running States of China's Iron & Steel,Nonferrous,and Building Materials Industries in 2012

Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY） and 31.29 million tons （up 15% YOY）,

Rethinking China's Soft Power Building in Africa

Sino-African relations have progressed significantly on the economic front over the past one and half decade ever since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) in October 2000.For example。

China's NGOs in Building Beautiful China

NGOs are voluntary,non-governmental,non-profit social organizations.In China,NGOs active in ecology and environment protection are generally known as environment NGOs.Tasked with protecting ecological environment,they are selfgoverning organizations with no administrative power which provide environmental public service.In the last 20 years,NGOs have changed

Running State of China's Building Materials Industry in 2013

In 2013, China＇s outputs of cement and flat glass were 2. 414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases, increasing by 9.6% and 11.2% YOY, respectively.

CHINA'S NEW ATTEMPTS IN BUILDING A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:CHINA-CEE COOPERATION

Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the

China's Steady Progress in Building a Harmonious World

I.Building a harmonious world is not an empty slogan The renowned 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC) was concluded in November 2012.One distinctive feature of the Congress is that it shows the entire world Chinese communists’ confidence in their path,theory and system,including their confidence in "building a harmonious world".In the report of the

Development of China’s Media Industry & Building of Civil Society

Historical changes have taken place in China under the reform-and-opening-up policy over the past three decades. Changes in China＇s social and economic structures, cultural scenes and social operations are revolutionary. The Chinese people, who account for one fifth of the human race, are working hard to bring about a national reiuvanation.

The People’s Money: How China Is Building a Global Currency

Many of the world＇s major economies boast dominant international currencies. Not so for China. Its renminbi has lagged far behind the pound, the euro. and the dollar in global circulation - and for good reason. After over three decades of accelerated economic de- velopment. China now faces the daunting task of strengthening the currency while preserving a stable economy.

Internet Brings New Development of China’s Catering Sector

In recent years,China’s catering sector has experienced profound changes in terms of industrial scale and management level,showing a favorable development momentum with steadily expanding industrial scale,optimizing market structure,complete categories,various brands,more standardized industrial management and upgrading service quality.

The Clean Development Mechanism and Sustainable Development in China's Electricity Sector

The Clean Development Mechanism,a flexibility mechanism contained in the KyotoProtocol, offers China an important tool to attractinvestment in clean energy technology and processesinto its electricity sector. The Chinese electricitysector places centrally in the country’s economy andenvironment, being a significant contributor to theacid rain and air pollution problems that plague manyof China’s cities and regions, and therefore a focusof many related energy and environmental policies.China’s electricity sector has also been the subjectof a number of economic analyses that have showedthat it contains the highest potential for clean energyinvestment through the Clean DevelopmentMechanism of any economic sector in China. Thismechanism, through the active participation frominvestors in more industrialized countries, can helpalleviate the environmental problems attributable toelectricity generation in China through advancingsuch technology as wind electricity generation, cleancoal technology, high efficient natural gas electricitygeneration, or utilization of coal mine methane. Inthis context, the Clean Development Mechanismalso compliments a range of environmental and energypolicies which are strategizing to encourage thesustainable development of China’s economy.

China's Farming Sector Having a Global Presence

Nowadays,the Chinese market is full of imported farming products,including products such as Thai rice,Vietnamese durian,Australian fresh meat.In the meantime,China’s special farming products also appear on the overseas dining table.Utilizing both the domestic and overseas markets and resources,China’s farming has

Ten Years in the WTO,China's Agricultural Sector Still on the Road

In the process of accession to the WTO, China opened up its agricultural market to a large extent, cut its agricultural tariffs by 72%. The current agricultural tariff is less than 1 / 4 of the average international level, lower than developing nations such as India

The Scope of China's Service Sectors Permitting Foreign Participation

Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are financial institutions, and the foreign side has a representative office in China.

China’s Mining Sector an Opportunity for Africa

Overview of China＇s mining sector Although Africa is home to some of the largest mining deposits. China retains the title of the world＇s largest mining sector, It is a leading producer of minerals such gold. lead, zinc, coal, tin, iron and silver and the world＇s foremost producer of rare earths, accounting for over 90 percent of the global production. Ironically, China is also the world＇s top consumer of the,same minerals and often has to rely on imports to deal with the internal deficit. There is no doubt that the future success of the Chinese economy is dependent on the ability to secure long- term access to mineral and metal resources,