Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the sc...Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.展开更多
Among cancers, lung cancer is the most common cause of death in China. For the prevention and control of lung cancer, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality, as w...Among cancers, lung cancer is the most common cause of death in China. For the prevention and control of lung cancer, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality, as well as the changes in the trend and the affecting mechanism. Based on statistics and auto-correlation analysis, this paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality in Yuhui District, Bengbu, Huaihe River Basin, from 2017 to 2020. In addition, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Assessment Model and Geographic Detector Model were used to examine the relationship between environmental factors and lung cancer mortality to identify impact factors and their mechanisms. The findings indicated that: 1) from the characteristics of temporal distribution, the number of lung cancer deaths exhibited a linear growth tendency, with the highest mortality in winter;2) from the characteristics of spatial distribution, lung cancer mortality showed a strong spatial agglomeration form, concentrating on two clustering areas, located in the old city and the central city of Bengbu, near the Huaihe River;3) from the point of view of the whole research area, there were 15 impact factors with significant correlation in the built and natural environment factors. The significant impacting factors in the built environment included land use, road traffic, spatial form and blue-green space, which could indirectly affect lung cancer mortality, while air pollution and temperature constituted the significant impacting factors in the natural environment;4) the influence of screened environmental factors on lung cancer mortality was different. Spatial stratified heterogeneity assessment, the interaction among environmental factors demonstrated statistical significance, it was found that the interaction between environmental factors in pairs had a significant enhancement effect on lung cancer mortality. To some extent, urban planning and policies could reduce lung cancer mortality.展开更多
China’s big spenders now far-flung by Yu Nan WIDELY recognized as one of the most beautiful cities in China,the coastal port of Dalian is a perfect example of a lowertier city becoming a growth hub for multinationals...China’s big spenders now far-flung by Yu Nan WIDELY recognized as one of the most beautiful cities in China,the coastal port of Dalian is a perfect example of a lowertier city becoming a growth hub for multinationals, owing to stronger purchasing power. That trend inspired Boston Consulting Group(BCG) to release a report,advising businessmen to look beyond the familiar mega-cities to the fast-growing smaller展开更多
"Water,woater evenyuwhere,and nary a drop to drink!"Poetry becomes reality in China,as experts scramble to find new supplies of the preious liquid to slake the thirst of a growing population and industry.
With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competi...With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competitiveness of Chinese cities based on modern competitive advantage theory. With principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we compare the factors affecling cities’ integrated competitiveness in 1990 and 1997. We find that four major factors are capital (including investment, FDI and urban financial revenue ), urban ithestructure (transporiation and communication, urbanization level, education etc. ), industrial performance and structure, degree of market openness and that these factors have become more advanced and complicated since 1990. Most Chinese cities are transforming from productive factors-oriented type to investment-oriented type and a few are becoming innovation oriented. The integrated competitiveness is closely related to cities’ scale, urban function, regional policy and degree of market openness and displays an uneven spatial pattern. The difference between the south and the north and the difference between the west and the east co-exist bul the former has been more larger. Finally, we discuss the mechanism behind the pattern and attribute the unevenness to change of factors dominating the cities’ compehtiveness regional innovation capacity and geographical differenceof traditional culture.展开更多
Objective:This study mainly analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Suining,one of China’s fourth-tier cities,and Wuhan and compared data between the 2 cities.Methods:A retrospective analys...Objective:This study mainly analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Suining,one of China’s fourth-tier cities,and Wuhan and compared data between the 2 cities.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 68 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital and 17 patients diagnosed at Suining Central Hospital,was conducted.Results:Among the 68 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,30(44.1%)had hypertension,and 25(36.8%)had diabetes.Three out of the 17 patients in Suining(17.6%)had hypertension,and 2 patients(11.8%)had diabetes.In the clinical classification,there were 1(5.9%)and 23(33.8%)patients with severe COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.Chest CT showed that lung consolidation occurred in 2(11.8%)and 26(38.2%)patients with COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.The proportion of patients with diabetes or hypertension,severe COVID-19,lung consolidation in Wuhan was significantly higher than that in Suining.The laboratory tests suggested that percentage of elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(58.8%),ALT(33.8%),blood glucose(45.6%),creatine kinase(CK)(33.8%)or D-dimer(47.1%)of patients in Wuhan were significantly increased than those in Suining(29.4%,5.9%,17.6%,5.9%,and 17.7%,respectively).Conclusion:The incidence of COVID-19 in fourth-tier city and the disease severity were significantly lower than that in Wuhan.展开更多
There is some disagreement in the published literature regarding the definition and the measurement of housing bubbles in China. Extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006), the present paper measures ...There is some disagreement in the published literature regarding the definition and the measurement of housing bubbles in China. Extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006), the present paper measures the housing bubbles of China's 35 major cities from the second quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2010. The results indicate that the housing bubbles in China's 35 major cities were relatively small in the sample interval, but the bubbles in eastern metropolises, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Ningbo, have been relatively big since 2005. The changing tendency of housing bubbles in most cities highly corresponds with the changes in real estate policies. This paper decomposes the housing bubbles of the 35 cities, and finds a great proportion of irrational bubbles rather than rational intrinsic bubbles generated by price speculation. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations for preventing the generation and expansion of housing bubbles.展开更多
Existing literature is characterized by certain deficiencies in measuring housing bubbles in China. By extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006) to a spatial panel VAR structure, this paper measures ...Existing literature is characterized by certain deficiencies in measuring housing bubbles in China. By extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006) to a spatial panel VAR structure, this paper measures housing bubbles in China's 35 major cities from 1999Q2 to 2012Q3 and analyzes the spatial-temporal changes of the housing bubbles in these cities. Results indicate that 1) changes to housing bubbles in most cities highly correspond with changes in the main real estate policies of the country and 2) housing bubbles in eastern developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, and Ningbo, have been relatively large in recent years although the average housing bubble is not very serious over the 35 major cities. Through the Kernel Density Function and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper finds that housing bubbles are concentrated in several eastern developed cities. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations on inhibiting the expansion and diffusion of housing bubbles.展开更多
As the symbol of China’s feudal reign during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911),Beijing’s Forbidden City rep-resents all that is rich and cre-ative about China’s history andancient archi-
Adopted by the 11th Session of the Stand-ing Committee of the Seventh National Peo-ple’s Congress on December 26,1989.Chapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsArticle 1This Act is formulated to define the sizeand development ori...Adopted by the 11th Session of the Stand-ing Committee of the Seventh National Peo-ple’s Congress on December 26,1989.Chapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsArticle 1This Act is formulated to define the sizeand development orientation of a city,torealize the goal of economic and social devel-o pment of the city,to map out the city’splanning and to carry out construction tomeet the needs of development for socialistmodernization.展开更多
In this article,the author briefly reviews the urban housing construction in the 40 yearssince the founding of New China,especially over the recent ten years.He puts emphasis on theanalysis of the benefits and defects...In this article,the author briefly reviews the urban housing construction in the 40 yearssince the founding of New China,especially over the recent ten years.He puts emphasis on theanalysis of the benefits and defects brought about by the financing and banking system for urbanhousing construction before and during the reform of housing system.展开更多
ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten...ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten years and more re-cently.This is manifested in the following5 respects.A.Thanks to the展开更多
On the basis of the analysis of the standards for the city/town populationstatistics in the past censuses,the author makes a proportional analysis of the city/townpopulation according to the data obtained from the fou...On the basis of the analysis of the standards for the city/town populationstatistics in the past censuses,the author makes a proportional analysis of the city/townpopulation according to the data obtained from the fourth census,and points out the dis-crepancies in the standard for the the city/town population statistics used in the fourthcensus and proposes ways for their correction.展开更多
Faced with the opportunity of rejuvenating the old industrial base in Northeast China, the people in Liaoyang persist in the spirit of pioneer and hard work and thus make outstanding achievements. Respectively, Liaoya...Faced with the opportunity of rejuvenating the old industrial base in Northeast China, the people in Liaoyang persist in the spirit of pioneer and hard work and thus make outstanding achievements. Respectively, Liaoyang City展开更多
基金supported by Operation Project of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [131031001000150001]FIDELIS-Hubei Program [No. 2004-fid-4-034]。
文摘Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 2008085ME160)Provincial Natural Science Research Projects in Anhui Province-Postgraduate Projects (No. YJS20210500)。
文摘Among cancers, lung cancer is the most common cause of death in China. For the prevention and control of lung cancer, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality, as well as the changes in the trend and the affecting mechanism. Based on statistics and auto-correlation analysis, this paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality in Yuhui District, Bengbu, Huaihe River Basin, from 2017 to 2020. In addition, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Assessment Model and Geographic Detector Model were used to examine the relationship between environmental factors and lung cancer mortality to identify impact factors and their mechanisms. The findings indicated that: 1) from the characteristics of temporal distribution, the number of lung cancer deaths exhibited a linear growth tendency, with the highest mortality in winter;2) from the characteristics of spatial distribution, lung cancer mortality showed a strong spatial agglomeration form, concentrating on two clustering areas, located in the old city and the central city of Bengbu, near the Huaihe River;3) from the point of view of the whole research area, there were 15 impact factors with significant correlation in the built and natural environment factors. The significant impacting factors in the built environment included land use, road traffic, spatial form and blue-green space, which could indirectly affect lung cancer mortality, while air pollution and temperature constituted the significant impacting factors in the natural environment;4) the influence of screened environmental factors on lung cancer mortality was different. Spatial stratified heterogeneity assessment, the interaction among environmental factors demonstrated statistical significance, it was found that the interaction between environmental factors in pairs had a significant enhancement effect on lung cancer mortality. To some extent, urban planning and policies could reduce lung cancer mortality.
文摘China’s big spenders now far-flung by Yu Nan WIDELY recognized as one of the most beautiful cities in China,the coastal port of Dalian is a perfect example of a lowertier city becoming a growth hub for multinationals, owing to stronger purchasing power. That trend inspired Boston Consulting Group(BCG) to release a report,advising businessmen to look beyond the familiar mega-cities to the fast-growing smaller
文摘"Water,woater evenyuwhere,and nary a drop to drink!"Poetry becomes reality in China,as experts scramble to find new supplies of the preious liquid to slake the thirst of a growing population and industry.
文摘With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competitiveness of Chinese cities based on modern competitive advantage theory. With principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we compare the factors affecling cities’ integrated competitiveness in 1990 and 1997. We find that four major factors are capital (including investment, FDI and urban financial revenue ), urban ithestructure (transporiation and communication, urbanization level, education etc. ), industrial performance and structure, degree of market openness and that these factors have become more advanced and complicated since 1990. Most Chinese cities are transforming from productive factors-oriented type to investment-oriented type and a few are becoming innovation oriented. The integrated competitiveness is closely related to cities’ scale, urban function, regional policy and degree of market openness and displays an uneven spatial pattern. The difference between the south and the north and the difference between the west and the east co-exist bul the former has been more larger. Finally, we discuss the mechanism behind the pattern and attribute the unevenness to change of factors dominating the cities’ compehtiveness regional innovation capacity and geographical differenceof traditional culture.
基金Coronavirus Prevention and Control Technology Project of Suining City,Sichuan Province(No.2020PTJSGG007).
文摘Objective:This study mainly analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Suining,one of China’s fourth-tier cities,and Wuhan and compared data between the 2 cities.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 68 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital and 17 patients diagnosed at Suining Central Hospital,was conducted.Results:Among the 68 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,30(44.1%)had hypertension,and 25(36.8%)had diabetes.Three out of the 17 patients in Suining(17.6%)had hypertension,and 2 patients(11.8%)had diabetes.In the clinical classification,there were 1(5.9%)and 23(33.8%)patients with severe COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.Chest CT showed that lung consolidation occurred in 2(11.8%)and 26(38.2%)patients with COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.The proportion of patients with diabetes or hypertension,severe COVID-19,lung consolidation in Wuhan was significantly higher than that in Suining.The laboratory tests suggested that percentage of elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(58.8%),ALT(33.8%),blood glucose(45.6%),creatine kinase(CK)(33.8%)or D-dimer(47.1%)of patients in Wuhan were significantly increased than those in Suining(29.4%,5.9%,17.6%,5.9%,and 17.7%,respectively).Conclusion:The incidence of COVID-19 in fourth-tier city and the disease severity were significantly lower than that in Wuhan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71173223)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(No.10XNF049)
文摘There is some disagreement in the published literature regarding the definition and the measurement of housing bubbles in China. Extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006), the present paper measures the housing bubbles of China's 35 major cities from the second quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2010. The results indicate that the housing bubbles in China's 35 major cities were relatively small in the sample interval, but the bubbles in eastern metropolises, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Ningbo, have been relatively big since 2005. The changing tendency of housing bubbles in most cities highly corresponds with the changes in real estate policies. This paper decomposes the housing bubbles of the 35 cities, and finds a great proportion of irrational bubbles rather than rational intrinsic bubbles generated by price speculation. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations for preventing the generation and expansion of housing bubbles.
文摘Existing literature is characterized by certain deficiencies in measuring housing bubbles in China. By extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006) to a spatial panel VAR structure, this paper measures housing bubbles in China's 35 major cities from 1999Q2 to 2012Q3 and analyzes the spatial-temporal changes of the housing bubbles in these cities. Results indicate that 1) changes to housing bubbles in most cities highly correspond with changes in the main real estate policies of the country and 2) housing bubbles in eastern developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, and Ningbo, have been relatively large in recent years although the average housing bubble is not very serious over the 35 major cities. Through the Kernel Density Function and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper finds that housing bubbles are concentrated in several eastern developed cities. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations on inhibiting the expansion and diffusion of housing bubbles.
文摘As the symbol of China’s feudal reign during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911),Beijing’s Forbidden City rep-resents all that is rich and cre-ative about China’s history andancient archi-
文摘Adopted by the 11th Session of the Stand-ing Committee of the Seventh National Peo-ple’s Congress on December 26,1989.Chapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsArticle 1This Act is formulated to define the sizeand development orientation of a city,torealize the goal of economic and social devel-o pment of the city,to map out the city’splanning and to carry out construction tomeet the needs of development for socialistmodernization.
文摘In this article,the author briefly reviews the urban housing construction in the 40 yearssince the founding of New China,especially over the recent ten years.He puts emphasis on theanalysis of the benefits and defects brought about by the financing and banking system for urbanhousing construction before and during the reform of housing system.
文摘ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten years and more re-cently.This is manifested in the following5 respects.A.Thanks to the
文摘On the basis of the analysis of the standards for the city/town populationstatistics in the past censuses,the author makes a proportional analysis of the city/townpopulation according to the data obtained from the fourth census,and points out the dis-crepancies in the standard for the the city/town population statistics used in the fourthcensus and proposes ways for their correction.
文摘Faced with the opportunity of rejuvenating the old industrial base in Northeast China, the people in Liaoyang persist in the spirit of pioneer and hard work and thus make outstanding achievements. Respectively, Liaoyang City