Impact of taxes on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:Evidence from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries

Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.

Regional container transportation system for Northeast Asia economic cooperation in the 21^(st) century

In this paper, the roles of infrastructure development and transportation coordination for Northeast Asian economic cooperation are discussed. It would be necessary to establish an efficient transportation network as soon as possible. 'Hub-and-Spoke'transportation system and China-Korean peninsula railway container transportation system might be more significant for regional economic cooperation.

Does Industry-University-Research Cooperation Matter? An Analysis of Its Coupling Effect on Regional Innovation and Economic Development

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.

Developing International Economic and Technological Cooperation in Zhe Jiang

Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,advancedscience and technology and ample supply of high-quality labourforce benefit itselt involving in foreign project contracting,labour export and overseas investment.Since 1979,Zhejianghas accepted more than ten foreign projects worth US$300million and supplied labour service to 40 countries。

ECONOMIC EXCHANGES AND SECTORAL AND INTER CITY COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA

Northeast Asia with China, Japan and South Korea as the main components has drawn more and more attention worldwide. Many scholars have researched on the prospect of some alternatives of regional economic integration in Northeast Asia and/or Yellow Sea Rim as its core area. In this paper the authors start with an introduction of the major arguments embracing Yellow Sea Rim regionalism, and attempt to identify the dynamics challenging the proposed approaches of sub regionalism of Northeast Asia. The paper firstly gives a brief review on the update development of bilateral economic exchanges, mainly Sino Japanese and Sino South Korean trades and direct investments with related contemporary issues. When the changing pattern of economic interactions is analyzed, special concerns are given to the possibility to realize the supposed potential of regional economic cooperation mainly based on economic complementarity among the related regions of China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. The authors then made their major efforts on putting forward possible approaches of multilateral cooperation of three countries in the near future, that is, deepened cooperation in selected sectors of industry and transportation and coordinated development among major cities. The authors stress that the development of sub regional sectoral cooperation and the formation of interactive network of city regions via social and economic interactions at local level are significant to the future regional integrated development in Northeast Asia.

EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL TOURISM INTEGRATION—Case of Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region

The Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region, where the Golden Triangle is located, is composed with the border areas of China,Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The poorest and inaccessible remote Golden Triangle now faces the opportunity to develop and participate in the global economic system. Not only has the traditional border tourism between two countries in this region been growing rapidly and various tourism products cross the regions also have been developed. The article attempts to explore the multiplier effects of tourism on regional cooperation. These consequences of tourism cooperation take effect through the infrastructure improvement, facilitation of the free movement, improvement of communication and promotion of the alternative economy. The study also points out the unexpected negative consequences to limit its role as a regional cooperative engine due to the lack of consideration of the dual economic and social structure in tourism development. The special attention should be drawn to consider the limited benefits for the marginalized community, the high transaction of the social costs related with the drug tourism and sex tourism. The paper calls for more rigorous cooperative regional plans and policies to the complexity of tourism development in this region.

ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES:IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA

The primary aim of this paper is to elucidae economic and spatial impacts of the Sino-Pan-Pacific economic relationships on China. Specffically, it explores the following questions: what is the historical Process of economic cooperation between the two economies? What is the Position of inter-trade between China and Pan-Pacific countries in China's total international trade? What is the position of Pan-pacific countrys' direct investment in China? And what is the potential subsequent meaning of favorable location choice of sevral major investment countries in China?

China’s Involvement with Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) is the most influential economic cooperation mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region. China is not only a participant but also a staunch supporter of and a major contributor to economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. China has always upheld the spirit of Asia-Pacific partnership, leaving its footprints deeply engraved in the historical development of APEC. Through its involvement with APEC, China has not only furthered its own development, but also made important contributions to regional and even global economic development. Over the years, the practice of APEC, centering on the cooperative vision represented by the Bogor Goals, has greatly improved the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment and has raised the level of economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. With the deadline for achieving the Bogor Goals approaching, the direction that such cooperation will take after 2020 has become a focus of popular concern. The international structure is now undergoing profound changes unseen in the past century. As unilateralism and protectionism affect the globalization process, APEC faces both opportunities and challenges in the near future. To draw up a future cooperation blueprint together with the other economies involved, China has to forge ahead bravely through all kinds of weather.

Preliminary research on problems of northeastChina's participation in the northeast Asianeconomic cooperation

According to various factors influencing the economic openness, this paper probestentatively into the way Northeast China complies with and participates in the Northeast Asiancooperation, with perticular attention to the analysis and estimation of the advantageousgeographical condition of the extenal cooperation in Northeast China from the present situation ofdeveloping the external economy and cooperation with the adjacent countries.

Panama-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum Opened

The Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum between Panama and China was held in Panama City on December 3,2018.The forum,co-hosted by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)and Ministry of Commerce and Industries,invited a total of 300 delegates from Chinese and Panamanian enterprises.

Deepening Economic Cooperation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization:Opportunities,Barriers and Approaches

Economic cooperation is an important foundation and development area for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Over the past 17 years,the SCO has made significant progress in regional economic cooperation,but it has also encountered many specific difficulties.The expansion of the SCO membership in 2017 brought opportunities to regional economic cooperation.Standing at this new historic starting point,the SCO should make full use of various favorable conditions,work hard to overcome the negative influence of internal and external unfavorable factors,strengthen solidarity and cooperation,solve problems that hinder development,and promote a new level of economic cooperation.

A Legal and Economic Study of Cooperation among the BRICS Countries under BRI

With the advancement of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – by means of the BRICS countries cooperation mechanism, demonstrate a new platform of cooperation, dialogue and the shared aspirations of emerging market countries. The BRICS have created a new model of international economic cooperation which has made significant contributions to the global economic recovery. This article discusses the reality of the BRICS countries' economic cooperation, analyzes their obstacles and deficiencies and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions to further improve their international economic cooperation in perspertive of law and economy.

Online Silk Road Promotes Economic Cooperation Between China and the Arab States

According to the 13th Five-year National Informati-zation Plan issued by the State Council,it is impor-tant to establish an online silk road.The"online silk road"is a network-based information economic belt es-tablished by China and countries along the Belt and Road,so as to increase in-terconnectivity and information f low.The construction of the online silk road will narrow the information gap among different countries and regions,

International Economic Cooperation (Monthly)

International Economic Cooperation, sponsored by the International Economic Cooperation Research Institute under the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, is an authoritative, directive monthly covering foreign economic cooperation in China. The journal has 20 sections, including transnational management, contract engineering, joint venture and Cooperation, economic and trade practice, top-level information, the World Economy, Labour Cooperation, International Finance, and International Marketing, and it is

Strategy of Xinjiang-Central Asia Energy Cooperation in Silk Road Economic Belt

The Silk Road Economic Belt is the updated version of regional economy and trade cooperation. It focuses on cooperation and development in energy, providing broad connotation and denotation and space for XinjiangCentral Asia to cooperate with each other in energy. Although it has bright prospect, the energy cooperation will still be restricted by the complex environment of Central Asia and the internal factors of Xinjiang, such as its unique economic model and industrial structure. Thus, in order to realize mutually beneficial cooperation, which is the common target of Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang and Central Asia need to strengthen energy dialogue and expand the energy diplomacy, promote the construction process of Xinjiang energy strategy base, establish and perfect the information platform of Central Asia energy cooperation.

Expanding Opening, Enhancing Economic Exchange and Cooperation

Tibet Autonomous Region lies at China’s Southwestern Plateau of Tibet and Qinghai, with broad areas, beautiful mountains and rivers, and rich resources.This old and flourishing land is an inalienable part of China’s sovereign territory, and the front-line and bridge to Southeast Asia, playing a strategic role in the political, economic and military fields.

Beijing's Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation

In accordance with the basic lines of Beijing’s foreign trade and economic cooperation, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has set specific tasks this year. They are as follows: Further quickening of steps in using foreign funds, with stress being placed on attracting investment from large companies. Efforts will be made in the management of medium-to-largeprojects. New fields and forms of cooperation

A GEM OF THE BELT AND ROAD The China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone has become a draw for Chinese investors

A 37-kilometer drive northeast along the Jakarta-Bandung expressway from downtown Jakarta is Bekasi,home of the Greenland International Industrial Center(GIIC).With residents including Kawasan Industri Terpadu Indonesia China(KITIC),also known as China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone,GIIC has been dubbed the“East Jakarta Corridor.”

Directory of Zhejiang Economic and Technological Cooperation Corporations

Zhejiang General Construction Engineering Corporation(Group) Address 14 Hubin Road,Hangzhou,China Phone:(1571)7073259,7026843 Fax.(1571)7077372 Cable:4637 Postcode.