The autumn of Ningxia is always fresh and cold.The fourth China-Arab States Expo,organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan during September 5-8,2019.About 2,900 re...The autumn of Ningxia is always fresh and cold.The fourth China-Arab States Expo,organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan during September 5-8,2019.About 2,900 regional organizations,business associations,institutions and enterprises under 107 exhibition groups from 89 countries participated into the expo.展开更多
The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab State...The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab States Summit for Cooperation and Development.The realisation of President Xi’s state visit to Saudi Arabia came from the following three reasons:firstly,both sides seised the opportunity to push bilateral relations forward;secondly,both sides valued each other’s comprehensive strength and influence;thirdly,both sides made it a common goal to build the‘Belt and Road’and promote the docking of their strategies.The mending of relations within the GCC states has laid the groundwork for a successful China-GCC Summit,and China is also focussing on maintaining a balance between Saudi Arabia and other GCC members,with a growing trend of GCC states’‘looking eastward’.The success of the China-Arab States Summit is due to the background of profound changes unseen in a century and the opening of the post-pandemic era,as well as to the promotion of China’s head-of-state diplomacy,in addition to the solid foundation of cooperation that already exists between China and Arab world.The‘Three Summits’became a new starting point for China’s diplomacy with the Arab countries after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),providing an opportunity for the Chinese President to hold several bilateral meetings with Arab leaders.In short,‘Belt and Road’cooperation between China and Arab countries will continue to expand in the future,and the two sides will work together to promote the building of a China-Arab community with a shared future.The strategic partnership between China and the GCC will be strengthened,and the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Saudi Arabia will continue to develop.展开更多
During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral ...During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.展开更多
In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial ...In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial meetings,senior officials meeting,business conference and investment seminars,which cover a variety of fields in political,economic,cultural,and humanistic cooperation.It not only enriched the connotation of China-Arab cooperation,but created a new cooperation mode.Therefore,the Arab World and China have developed a relationship of mutual promotion,mutual complementation and sound development multilaterally and bilaterally,officially and privately.The development of the Forum benefited both sides insisting on mutual respect,mutually beneficial cooperation and common development concept.In the next decade,the Forum should deepen strategies,adhere to innovation,emphasize on effectiveness,and create a better tomorrow for the work of the Forum.展开更多
The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ...The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ahead.The largest challenge is that both sides have common aspirations for further achievements and integration,and for a closer relationship between China and the Arab World.The real strategic vision is not limited to trade and investment,but also includes security,national defense building,technology transfer and some other fields.To overcome these challenges,three problems must be taken care of.First,the two sides need to deepen their mutual understandings;second,both Chinese and Arabs must get rid of the deep cautiousness towards each other;and third,both parties need to develop a comprehensive outlook from an aspect of civilization.展开更多
The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdictio...The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdiction over Caspian waters. Due to the lack of general rules regarding the Caspian basin, the risk of pollution from ballast water and sewage discharges remains relevant due to the active shipping industry. But on August 12, 2018, the leaders of littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, although the situation remains complicated. Thus, in the manuscript the authors provide the first insight into the issues of sewage and ballast water in the Caspian, and the role of oil and natural gas in the regional development.展开更多
The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of...The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of"inheriting friendship and deepening cooperation for mutual development"and the expo’s theme was"new opportunities and a new future".展开更多
Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,prov...Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,providing Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation for further expansion with an effective new platform and mechanism.The main positive factors for their current economic and trade cooperation are:a good basis for cooperation,a strong economic complementarity,a good beginning for bilateral investment cooperation,the existence of common languages,and the accordance with common interests.The principles and ideas for developing future cooperation are:to play out in the role of the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum,and to treat Sino-Arab bilateral cooperation with a large field of vision;to promote Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation by enhancing bilateral relations;to pay attention to handling Sino-US relations well when strengthening Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation;to continue to expand market openness and promote trade liberalization positively;to expand economic and trade cooperation further on the basis of energy cooperation.In order to maintain and protect the growing overseas interests of the Chinese government,a grand strategy of China's foreign should be established.展开更多
The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Isl...The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Islamists in different directions with these powers heavily intervening to control and/or weaken Arab states.China has pursued a policy of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of Arab states,and letting the peoples decide their own future.China may have miscalculated when it allowed NATO to interfere in Libya.That intervention had catastrophic consequences for China and Libya.Consequently,China,in collaboration with Russia decided not to repeat the same experience in Syria especially since foreign intervention in this case will be even more catastrophic.China vetoed Security Council draft resolutions calling for regime change in Syria and insisted on letting the Syrians decide peacefully their future course of action.Further,China under the new leadership has suggested for the first time a four-point program to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict.The article argues that the Chinese-Russian approach to the Syrian crisis is bound to have long-term implications for the future of the Arab world.As the signs of the positive contributions of that approach are emerging,China should proceed to reinforce these contributions through a concerted approach to engage with the new regimes in the Arab world,strengthen the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,correct the imbalances of Sino-Arab trade,especially with the countries of the Arab Spring,focus on investing in these countries in labor-intensive industries,putting the four-point proposal on the agenda of ArabIsraeli negotiations,and,most importantly,deal with the question of the Israeli nuclear capabilities and the potential of Israel going to war against Iran,a scenario which will represent a major setback to the Chinese achievements in the region.展开更多
文摘The autumn of Ningxia is always fresh and cold.The fourth China-Arab States Expo,organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan during September 5-8,2019.About 2,900 regional organizations,business associations,institutions and enterprises under 107 exhibition groups from 89 countries participated into the expo.
基金funded by the program‘Evolution of Middle East Politics and Momentous Changes Unseen in a Century’of the Innovation Team of Shanghai International Studies University[2020114046]the program‘Impacts of Islam on the Contemporary International Relations’by the National Social Science Foundation of China[21BZJ054].
文摘The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab States Summit for Cooperation and Development.The realisation of President Xi’s state visit to Saudi Arabia came from the following three reasons:firstly,both sides seised the opportunity to push bilateral relations forward;secondly,both sides valued each other’s comprehensive strength and influence;thirdly,both sides made it a common goal to build the‘Belt and Road’and promote the docking of their strategies.The mending of relations within the GCC states has laid the groundwork for a successful China-GCC Summit,and China is also focussing on maintaining a balance between Saudi Arabia and other GCC members,with a growing trend of GCC states’‘looking eastward’.The success of the China-Arab States Summit is due to the background of profound changes unseen in a century and the opening of the post-pandemic era,as well as to the promotion of China’s head-of-state diplomacy,in addition to the solid foundation of cooperation that already exists between China and Arab world.The‘Three Summits’became a new starting point for China’s diplomacy with the Arab countries after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),providing an opportunity for the Chinese President to hold several bilateral meetings with Arab leaders.In short,‘Belt and Road’cooperation between China and Arab countries will continue to expand in the future,and the two sides will work together to promote the building of a China-Arab community with a shared future.The strategic partnership between China and the GCC will be strengthened,and the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Saudi Arabia will continue to develop.
文摘During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.
文摘In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial meetings,senior officials meeting,business conference and investment seminars,which cover a variety of fields in political,economic,cultural,and humanistic cooperation.It not only enriched the connotation of China-Arab cooperation,but created a new cooperation mode.Therefore,the Arab World and China have developed a relationship of mutual promotion,mutual complementation and sound development multilaterally and bilaterally,officially and privately.The development of the Forum benefited both sides insisting on mutual respect,mutually beneficial cooperation and common development concept.In the next decade,the Forum should deepen strategies,adhere to innovation,emphasize on effectiveness,and create a better tomorrow for the work of the Forum.
文摘The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ahead.The largest challenge is that both sides have common aspirations for further achievements and integration,and for a closer relationship between China and the Arab World.The real strategic vision is not limited to trade and investment,but also includes security,national defense building,technology transfer and some other fields.To overcome these challenges,three problems must be taken care of.First,the two sides need to deepen their mutual understandings;second,both Chinese and Arabs must get rid of the deep cautiousness towards each other;and third,both parties need to develop a comprehensive outlook from an aspect of civilization.
文摘The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdiction over Caspian waters. Due to the lack of general rules regarding the Caspian basin, the risk of pollution from ballast water and sewage discharges remains relevant due to the active shipping industry. But on August 12, 2018, the leaders of littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, although the situation remains complicated. Thus, in the manuscript the authors provide the first insight into the issues of sewage and ballast water in the Caspian, and the role of oil and natural gas in the regional development.
文摘The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of"inheriting friendship and deepening cooperation for mutual development"and the expo’s theme was"new opportunities and a new future".
基金This research is the product of Chinese Educational Ministry program“China’s National Interest in the Middle East(West Asia and North Africa)”(2009JJD810010)it is also supported by the Shanghai International Studies University“211”program(Stage III)Key Discipline of Shanghai(B702).
文摘Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,providing Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation for further expansion with an effective new platform and mechanism.The main positive factors for their current economic and trade cooperation are:a good basis for cooperation,a strong economic complementarity,a good beginning for bilateral investment cooperation,the existence of common languages,and the accordance with common interests.The principles and ideas for developing future cooperation are:to play out in the role of the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum,and to treat Sino-Arab bilateral cooperation with a large field of vision;to promote Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation by enhancing bilateral relations;to pay attention to handling Sino-US relations well when strengthening Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation;to continue to expand market openness and promote trade liberalization positively;to expand economic and trade cooperation further on the basis of energy cooperation.In order to maintain and protect the growing overseas interests of the Chinese government,a grand strategy of China's foreign should be established.
文摘The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Islamists in different directions with these powers heavily intervening to control and/or weaken Arab states.China has pursued a policy of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of Arab states,and letting the peoples decide their own future.China may have miscalculated when it allowed NATO to interfere in Libya.That intervention had catastrophic consequences for China and Libya.Consequently,China,in collaboration with Russia decided not to repeat the same experience in Syria especially since foreign intervention in this case will be even more catastrophic.China vetoed Security Council draft resolutions calling for regime change in Syria and insisted on letting the Syrians decide peacefully their future course of action.Further,China under the new leadership has suggested for the first time a four-point program to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict.The article argues that the Chinese-Russian approach to the Syrian crisis is bound to have long-term implications for the future of the Arab world.As the signs of the positive contributions of that approach are emerging,China should proceed to reinforce these contributions through a concerted approach to engage with the new regimes in the Arab world,strengthen the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,correct the imbalances of Sino-Arab trade,especially with the countries of the Arab Spring,focus on investing in these countries in labor-intensive industries,putting the four-point proposal on the agenda of ArabIsraeli negotiations,and,most importantly,deal with the question of the Israeli nuclear capabilities and the potential of Israel going to war against Iran,a scenario which will represent a major setback to the Chinese achievements in the region.
