China-Europe Freight Train Promotes Bilateral Trade

On October 8,the'Belt and Road'Leading Group office published the'ChinaEurope Freight Train Development Plan',which is a fiveyear plan in accordance with China’s13th'Five-Year Plan'.The document formulated the major tasks for the construction of China-Europe freight train project for the next five years,and clarified three space layouts,including the China-Europe

An Algorithm for the Optimal Matching Speeds of Pass enger and Freight Trains in Mixed Operations

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Research on Optimization of Freight Train ATO Based on Elite Competition Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization

In view of the complex problems that freight train ATO (automatic train operation) needs to comprehensively consider punctuality, energy saving and safety, a dynamics model of the freight train operation process is established based on the safety and the freight train dynamics model in the process of its operation. The algorithm of combining elite competition strategy with multi-objective particle swarm optimization technology is introduced, and the winning particles are obtained through the competition between two elite particles to guide the update of other particles, so as to balance the convergence and distribution of multi-objective particle swarm optimization. The performance comparison experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The simulation experiments of the actual line verify the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A review on design and testing methodologies of modern freight train draft gear system

Rolling stock connection systems are key to running longer and heavier trains as they provide both the connections of vehicles and the damping,providing the longitudinal suspension of the train.This paper focuses on the evolution of both connection and stiffness damping systems.Focus is on freight rolling stock,but passenger draw gears are also examined.It was found that connection systems have evolved from the buff and chain system used in the pioneer railways of the 1800s to the modern auto-coupler connection systems that are in-service worldwide today.Refined versions of the buff and chain coupling are,however,still in use in the EU,UK,South America and India.A wide range of auto-coupler systems are currently utilised,but the AAR coupler(Janney coupler)remains the most popular.A further variation that persists is the SA3 coupler(improved Wilson coupler)which is an alternative auto-coupler design used mainly throughout the former Soviet Union.Restricting the review to auto-coupler systems allowed the paper to focus on draft gears which revealed polymer,polymer-friction,steel spring-friction,hydraulic draft gears and sliding sill cushioning systems.Along with the single compressive draft gear units balanced and floating plate configurations are also presented.Typical draft gear acceptance standards are presented along with modelling that was included to aid in presentation of the functional characteristics of draft gears.

Wheel Profile Optimization of Speed-up Freight Train Based on Multi-population Genetic Algorithm

The geometric shape of the wheel tread is mathematically expressed,and geometric parameters affecting the shape of the wheel were extracted as design variables.The vehicle dynamics simulation model was established based on the vehicle suspension parameters and track conditions of the actual operation,and the comprehensive dynamic parameters of the vehicle were taken as the design objectives.The matching performance of the wheel equivalent conicity with the vehicle and track parameters was discussed,and the best equivalent conicity was determined as the constraint condition of the optimization problem;a numerical calculation program is written to solve the optimization model based on a multi-population genetic algorithm.The results show that the algorithm has a fast calculation speed and good convergence.Compared with the LM profile,the two optimized profiles effectively reduce the wheelset acceleration and improve the lateral stability of the bogie and vehicle stability during straight running.Due to the optimized profile increases the equivalent conicity under larger lateral displacement of the wheelset,the lateral wheel-rail force,derailment coefficient,wheel load reduction rate,and wear index are reduced when the train passes through the curve line.This paper provides a feasible way to ensure the speed-up operation of a freight train.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on The Speed-up of Freight Train with Mixed Marshaling of Light and Heavy Vehicle

To study the influence of the speed-up of a freight train with mixed marshaling of light and heavy vehicles on the dynamic behavior,a dynamic model of the freight train was established based on the modular method of cyclic variables,and the dynamic behavior of the freight train was simulated and analyzed under different marshaling patterns,speeds and line conditions.On-site speed-up test with different marshaling freight trains was carried out,and the stability and ride-index of the train before and after the speed-up were compared and analyzed.The feasibility of increasing the speed of freight trains with mixed marshaling of light and heavy cars was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.The results show that the theory is in good agreement with the test,which can effectively reflect the dynamic behavior of the vehicle.The dynamic behavior of the freight train in the study meets the requirements of increasing speed to 90 km/h.This paper provides a theoretical basis and method for railway freight transportation and the speed-up of freight vehicles.

基于多目标进化的超限超重货物运输专列路径优化方法

针对超限超重货物运输专列路径优化问题,引入限界改造和桥梁加固要素,以铁路运能损失、运输时间和运输费用的最小化为优化目标,构建铁路超限超重货物运输专列路径优化模型;考虑专列同时运送多件超限超重货物的特点,设计货物综合投影算法,并以Pareto支配关系框架下的NSGA-Ⅱ多目标进化算法为基础,结合基于移动不可行解的自适应惩罚函数的约束处理技术及超限超重货物运输专列开行特征,提出一种基于多目标进化的铁路超限超重货物运输专列路径优化算法。实例分析结果表明:该方法能高效合理地处理路径优化任务中的多个目标;与常用的3种约束多目标算法相比,设计的优化算法能使计算耗时降低0.24%~29.94%、超体积指标值提高4.25%~13.11%,并得到一组收敛性和多样性更好的相对最优方案。该方法克服了传统专列路径优化中单纯依靠经验或从备选方案中择优的弊端,可为铁路超限超重货物运输专列路径决策提供技术支持。

贸易便利化与沿线城市产业结构升级——基于中欧班列的准自然实验

中欧班列的国际货运属性导致其对中国贸易便利化和技术创新的影响有别于一般国内铁路。基于2004—2021年中国地级市的数据,将中欧班列开通视为“准自然实验”,运用多期双重差分法探究贸易便利化对沿线城市产业结构升级的影响。结果显示:第一,中欧班列开通能够推动沿线城市产业结构朝着高级化方向发展,在进行三种稳健性检验后结果仍然显著。第二,技术创新、融资支持和数字智能三种机制能对开通城市的产业结构升级产生显著的正向影响。第三,中欧班列对沿线城市产业结构升级的推动作用主要存在于非中心城市。未来城市应利用贸易便利化这一有力“引擎”,通过提升融资便利与数字智能水平,充分发挥交通基础设施在促进创新要素流动中的作用,为沿线城市产业结构调整提供支撑。

关于打通铁路网运输能力堵点对策探究

国铁企业落实党中央部署要求并加快推进铁路货运市场化改革,采取有效措施尽快打通铁路网运输能力堵点,有效降低物流成本。通过分析路网总体规模、旅客运输供给能力、货物运输保障能力等铁路网运输能力现状,剖析铁路网运输能力堵点及成因。在此基础上,提出加强铁路网运输能力经验借鉴,探析打通铁路网运输能力堵点对策,即:畅通普速干线通道,加强煤运通道能力保障,强化中欧班列通道能力,完善港口铁路通过能力,增强西部陆海新通道线路能力,完善枢纽点线配套能力,强化铁路货运设施设备卸车能力等方面,在助力降低全社会物流成本中发挥“火车头”的重要作用。

侧风作用下不同装载敞车气动性能研究

针对不同装载情况的敞车,开展敞车在空载、半载、满载3种情况下气动性能的研究。研究结果表明:单节敞车气动力的变化规律与整车气动力的变化规律一致;空载敞车所受的气动阻力最大,半载敞车次之,满载敞车最小;满载敞车所受的气动升力最大,半载敞车次之,空载敞车最小;3种敞车所受的侧向力非常接近,最大差距仅为1.9%;空载敞车和半载敞车所受的气动力较为接近,而满载敞车与前两种车型有明显差距。

基于需求链的中欧班列开行方案优化

中欧班列是往来于中国与欧洲以及一带一路沿线各国的集装箱国际铁路联运班列,自开行以来,双方在“一带一路”的框架下展开了卓有成效的合作。从目前发展形势来看,货运服务将迎来更加广阔的前景,因此开行方案的编制尤为重要,开行方案编制通常以铁路运营方经济效益为出发点,很少考虑运营方与客户双方需求。在平衡铁路运营方和客户双方需求的基础上,提出基于需求链的中欧班列开行方案优化方法。开行方案编制分为两阶段实现,首先基于K短路原则生成备选集,得到初始中欧班列开行方案解集合,可有效提高模型求解效率;其次基于“一弧多服务多货流”网络来构建双层规划模型,并设计在粒子群算法中嵌入拉格朗日松弛算法进行求解,可有效简化复杂的原有模型。上层模型从铁路运营方角度出发,考虑货物运输时间、碳排放、能力限制等约束,以实现运输效益最大化;下层模型根据实际客户需求,拓展为允许货流拆分的物流服务选择模型。通过上下层模型交互体现供需双方的博弈行为,使需求链管理思想在中欧班列开行方案中得以运用。算例表明,货流允许拆分情况下,铁路运营方利润增加41.67%,充分证实了本模型的优越性。

基于铁路货物列车节能开行方案的优化研究

为了更好地发挥铁路绿色运营的优势,本文提出面向节能的铁路货物列车开行方案的优化方法。通过对铁路货运线路上的列车运行能耗进行仿真分析,发现不同区间内的运行能耗、不同车站的起停附加能耗差异较大,因此可以通过合理的车流组织来降低能耗。据此,结合铁路实际运输情况,综合考虑铁路运营效益、铁路运输效率、货主时间利益和铁路节能需求,建立铁路货物列车节能开行方案优化模型。选取某铁路线路作为算例验证模型,并对算例结果进行对比分析,结果表明,所构建的优化模型相比其他方案具有更好的优化效果,能够有效降低列车运行能耗并提升运输效率。

基于集装箱运输的200 km/h客货共线铁路货运功能实现研究

我国有一批以200 km/h标准设计的客货共线铁路,但在实际运营中存在货运设施闲置、货运功能发挥不充分的情况,在铁路高质量发展要求下,亟需推动其货运功能的实现。近年来,随着高附加值白货运输需求的增长和“一带一路”倡议的实施,铁路集装箱运输迎来良好的发展机遇。从普通货物列车与动车组共线运行存在的问题出发,结合集装箱运输载重低、密闭性好、速度快、装卸标准化、运输直达化等特点及最新管理规定,分析上线运行集装箱班列对客货共线问题的优化,并从路网层面分析200 km/h客货共线铁路在集装箱运输通道中的比例,最后提出推动200 km/h客货共线铁路实现货运功能的相关建议。研究表明,200 km/h客货共线铁路上线集装箱班列具备可行性和客观条件,能有效推动其货运功能的实现。

“义新欧”中欧班列能否促进产业结构升级?——基于浙江省县域视角

产业结构升级既是经济发展的普遍规律,亦对于提升发展中国家的国际竞争力具有普遍指导意义。基于“义新欧”中欧班列开通准自然实验,选取浙江省53个县(市)2006-2021年的相关指标数据,使用DID模型检验“义新欧”中欧班列开通对县域产业结构升级的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:“义新欧”中欧班列开通可以显著抑制浙江县域产业结构升级,“义新欧”中欧班列开通量每增加一个标准差会使浙江县域产业升级水平降低约5.4%,影响机制分析部分表明金融支持效应路径抑制浙江县域产业升级,而贸易开放效应路径促进浙江县域产业升级。

重载货运列车超偏载状态监测系统的设计及试验分析

本文设计了适用于重载货运列车的超偏载状态监测系统,并进行了实车试验。该系统的硬件部分由PC104微处理器、TC35i无线GSM模块、液晶显示屏以及12 V电源等组成;软件系统分为数据采集、数据库管理、人机交互和超偏载判别4个模块。选择一辆煤炭运输专用列车,在车厢底部对称安装4个位移传感器,利用GSM模块将采集到的位移数据输送至上位监控系统,将数据处理后转化为载重数据,实现对车厢超偏载状态的监测与预警。使用EMD法提取趋势项计算得到的载重值接近于实际值,满足监测精度要求。

铁路货运站站机一体化模式下列尾运用效率提升研究

当前,铁路货运在运输市场竞争日益激烈的形势下,部分货源流失严重。近些年,随着“公转铁”政策以及铁路货运向现代物流转型的逐步推进,铁路货运站也制定了一系列改革措施。通过机务段机务调度员驻站、机务段管理人员交流到车站任职、调车机司机划归车站管理等方式实行站机一体化,大大方便了站机协调联系,增加配合精准度,提高了机车出勤效率,缩短了机车辅时。通过在机务段库内设置列尾作业点,在库内直接进行列尾单机携带,送至外围中间站,不仅实现了编组站1 min发车,提高了发车效率,还为列尾需求站解决了发车难题。以上改革方案的实施,大大地促使列尾运用效率提升,列尾调配的精准度得以提高,货运周时、中时得以压缩,编组站办理辆数大幅增加,最终提升铁路货运经营收入,为地方经济和社会发展做出更大贡献。

基于物联网技术的货车运行故障动态图像检测系统

为了给货车故障检修提供辅助工具,有效地提高货车行驶的安全性,设计物联网技术的货车运行故障动态图像检测系统。设置货车运行故障类型标准特征,利用物联网技术采集货车运行动态图像,经过动态图像模糊补偿、几何变换以及图像滤波等步骤,完成初始图像的预处理,通过图像特征提取、特征匹配,得出货车运行故障动态图像检测结果。测试结果表明所提系统的故障误检率和漏检率分别为0.20%和0.25%,检测范围达到18280.11 m^(2),均得到预期效果。

空气动力学数值模拟方法在设计铁路散粒货物货车中的应用

装运散粒货物的铁路货车运行时,环境自然风以及车辆运行形成的空气流会对货物产生扰动并且会造成一定货物损失及环境污染。运用列车空气动力学数值模拟方法对列车空气流场进行了仿真分析,通过在空气流场影响下的货物颗粒运动及撒落量的分析统计及评估,完成了车辆设计方案优化,确定了合理及有效的结构设计和措施,满足设计指标要求。该数值模拟计算方法与高成本费用且时间周期长的实车试验方法相比,在技术方案的理论指导以及优化比选方面,是一种比较理想且经济实用的辅助设计手段。

A Simulated Annealing Approach tothe Train Routing and Makeup

This paper presents the formulation and solution of a train routing and makeupmodel.This formulation results in a large scale 0-1 integer programmingproblem with nonlinear objective function, and linear and nonlinearcoastraints. We know this problem is NP-complete;hence,it is diffieult to solvefor a globelly optimal solution. In this paper we propose a simulated annealingalgorithm for the train routing and makeup problem. This method avoidsentrapment in the local minima of the objective function. The effectiveness ofthis approach has been demonstrasted by results from test casee,

客货混运下的城轨时刻表与流量控制协同优化研究

利用城市轨道交通平峰期冗余运力进行客货混合运输是缓解地面交通拥堵和节能环保的重要手段。本文在客货混合运输模式下,研究城市轨道交通列车时刻表和流量控制问题。首先,以列车发车时间、列车车厢布置和客货需求分配给列车车厢的数量为主要决策变量,以最小化乘客和货物的等待时间以及列车车厢能耗为目标,考虑流平衡、列车容量限制及时刻表等约束,构建城市轨道交通客货混合优化模型。其次,为验证模型的有效性,以上海地铁17号线为例进行实证研究,借助优化求解器Gurobi求解模型。结果表明:本文所提协同优化方法具有良好的优化效果和计算效率,与逐一求解法对比,乘客和货物延误数量可显著降低;协同优化可减少乘客延误人数21.92%,货物延误数量9.73%,乘客和货物的平均等待时间减少35.88%和25.56%,碳排放量减少1.7%。该方法可以提高地铁满载率,减少地铁平峰时期的运力浪费,同时提高轨道交通运营安全性和运输效率。