Next-Level Relations China-Laos Economic and Trade Cooperation Exchange Conference fortifies bilateral economic ties

On September 5,the ChinaLaos Economic and Trade Cooperation Exchange Conference,themed"Highlevel Opening-up and Building a China-Laos Community with a Shared Future,"took place in Vientiane,capital of Laos.The purpose of the conference was to review the achievements of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and work together to develop the roadmap to high-quality development of China-Laos economic and trade cooperation by focusing on shared goals,pooling strength,and adhering to results-oriented collaboration.

Empirical Analysis of Xinjiang's Bilateral Trade: Gravity Model Approach

Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilateral trade. From the empirical analysis of this model, it is proposed that those three variables affect the Xinjiang's bilateral trade posi- tively. Whereas, geographic distance is found to be a significant factor influencing Xinjiang’s bilateral trade negatively. Then, by the extended trade gravity model, this article analyzes the present trade situation between Xinjiang and its main trade partners quantitatively in 2004. The results indicate that Xinjiang cooperates with its most trade partners successfully in terms of present economic scale and developing level. Xinjiang has established successfully trade part- nership with Central Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia and South Asia. However, the foreign trade development with West Asia is much slower. Finally, some suggestions on developing Xinjiang's for- eign trade are put forward.

China-Europe Freight Train Promotes Bilateral Trade

On October 8,the'Belt and Road'Leading Group office published the'ChinaEurope Freight Train Development Plan',which is a fiveyear plan in accordance with China’s13th'Five-Year Plan'.The document formulated the major tasks for the construction of China-Europe freight train project for the next five years,and clarified three space layouts,including the China-Europe

China Should Stimulate Bilateral Good Trades to Cope with the Challenge between China and Germany

2017 marks the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Germany. Now ＇Germany is the fifth largest tradepartner of China around the world, and the largest one in Europe, while China has topped the United States and France and become the largest trade partner of Germany.

The Diffusion of Bilateral Tendencies in the Common Trade Policy of the European Union During the Global Financial and Economic Crisis

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.

Blockchain-Based Secure and Fair IoT Data Trading System with Bilateral Authorization

These days,data is regarded as a valuable asset in the era of the data economy,which demands a trading platform for buying and selling data.However,online data trading poses challenges in terms of security and fairness because the seller and the buyer may not fully trust each other.Therefore,in this paper,a blockchain-based secure and fair data trading system is proposed by taking advantage of the smart contract and matchmaking encryption.The proposed system enables bilateral authorization,where data trading between a seller and a buyer is accomplished only if their policies,required by each other,are satisfied simultaneously.This can be achieved by exploiting the security features of the matchmaking encryption.To guarantee non-repudiation and fairness between trading parties,the proposed system leverages a smart contract to ensure that the parties honestly carry out the data trading protocol.However,the smart contract in the proposed system does not include complex cryptographic operations for the efficiency of onchain processes.Instead,these operations are carried out by off-chain parties and their results are used as input for the on-chain procedure.The system also uses an arbitration protocol to resolve disputes based on the trading proof recorded on the blockchain.The performance of the protocol is evaluated in terms of off-chain computation overhead and on-chain gas consumption.The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed protocols can enable the implementation of a cost-effective data trading system.

混合交易模式下电力系统全环节碳排放核算方法

随着电力市场交易体制的不断完善,交易模式更加多样化,呈现双边交易与联营交易共存的混合交易模式。而现有碳排放核算方法并不适用于所有交易模式,对于双边交易模式,尤其是绿色双边交易,“就近供电,比例共享”的分摊方法不满足“双边”特点,清洁能源电厂的低碳效益不能准确分配给与其签订双边交易的用户。该文通过分析不同电力交易模式下碳排放流特点,建立同时考虑双边交易和联营交易混合的全环节碳排放核算方法。首先,根据源侧燃煤和燃气发电机组的工作原理,基于效率超过Transformer的长时序预测方法 Informer模型建立其动态碳排放因子模型;然后,基于电力潮流将双边交易建模为源-荷间最大碳流溯源问题,并基于最大流理论实现考虑输电损耗的碳流率核算和分摊;进而对于包含双边交易和联营交易的混合交易模式,构建图与补图关系,提出用户碳流率核算方法和网损碳流率分摊方法,实现电力系统全环节碳排放核算。最后,采用IEEE14节点系统算例证明,所提核算方法对考虑传输损耗的双边、联营混合交易模式具备合理性和公平性。

通关便利化如何促进双边贸易水平——基于光环效应视角

在贸易降税空间有限且贸易保护主义抬头、全球经济复苏形势错综复杂的背景下,通关便利化的贸易效应值得关注。基于中国AEO互认的准自然实验,本文运用渐进双重差分模型识别了通关便利化在光环效应视角下的贸易效应。结果表明:通关便利化显著提升了中国双边贸易水平,且这种促进效应在对外开放程度、港口效率和关税税率低的贸易伙伴间更为突出。本文的研究结论对我国加速推进通关便利化制度安排,特别是推广AEO互认协议制度提供了坚实的理论和实证依据,同时也为更好地推进高水平对外开放和贸易强国建设提供了创新性的政策思路。

金砖国家贸易合作的成效、问题与前景

作为新兴经济体的代表,金砖国家长期以贸易合作为重要议题,并视其为优先发展的核心领域。近年来,金砖国家在贸易领域的合作已取得了显著成效,不但成功构建起多层次的贸易合作机制,而且其贸易发展呈现出稳定态势,整体贸易总额持续增长,双边贸易关系亦得到改善。然而,贸易合作在发展的同时也存在一些问题,如贸易联系的普及程度尚需提高、贸易关系的非对称性、内部投资稍显不足以及贸易立场存在的分歧等。基于此,金砖国家需进一步加强内部贸易往来,推动贸易便利化,拓宽合作领域,并强化政策沟通与协调,进一步巩固并深化其贸易联系与合作关系。

China-US Trade Relations:Win-Win Picture Distorted

At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic facts regarding China-U.S.trade relations. Based on an analysis of some official and nonofficial research reports published in the United States,this article holds that the China-U.S.trade imbalance is the symptom of a bigger issue stemming from the contradiction between the United States as the world's sole superpower and China as an emerging power.Economic globalisation came about due to the needs of western developed countries represented by the United States to boost economic development.Only by seizing the opportunities of economic globalisation, has China gained strong economic growth. Such a development is changing the world political,economic,military and cultural landscape that have been shaped since the post-cold-war era,and has to some extent raised doubt or suspicion on the part of the United States and its western allies.This is a manifestation of how unprepared some people in the United States and other western countries are in the face of China's rapid development and rising status.So,their immediate reaction has been to seek protection for themselves,and try their utmost to prevent China's rapid growth from impacting on the international framework and their vested interests.

The Impact of Syrian Crises on the Jordanian External Trade

Jordan＇s economy is influenced significantly by events taking place in the region, and many successive events in the region occurred during the past two decades, resulted in successive waves of migrations in large numbers to Jordan. The Syrian crisis impact goes beyond the waves of refugees but extended to influence the trade routes to and from Jordan through Syrian route and ports. This research aims to analyze the impact of the Syrian crisis on the Jordanian trade through the use of regression analysis and the use of dummy variable to reflect the Syrian crisis, analyzed the monthly data for the period 2005-2015. In addition, it has used other statistical methods such as records, and has been the Syrian crisis impact analysis on the volume of trade, imports, total export, re-exported, and the national exports. In spite of the lack of trade stop with Syria completely, study showed that there is a significant decline in the trade exchange between Jordan and Syria, but the Syrian crisis may affect the Jordanian imports, the trade volume, trade balance while the study did not show any trace of the Syrian crisis on the national exports. Finally, the study recommends that there are needs for analytical studies and the use of econometric models to demonstrate the impact of the Syrian crisis measures on all sectors and on the sets of Jordanian goods imported and exported.

Economic Influencing Factors of Trade Volume Between China and RCEP Member States

This paper examines the impact of key economic factors on trade volumes between China and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member states.Studies have shown that gross domestic products(GDP),exchange rate,and inflation have an impact on China’s import and export trade volume with RCEP member states.China’s export trade volume to RCEP member states is deeply affected by China’s GDP,but the import trade volume depends on China’s domestic demand and market.The impact of exchange rates on import and export trade volumes varies from country to country.China’s export volume to RCEP member states is generally more affected by the consumption level of its residents than the consumption level of Chinese residents.

中国—东盟数字经济与双边贸易研究

文章选取2010—2021年样本数据,运用熵权法构建数字经济指标体系并测算中国—东盟数字经济发展水平,通过拓展的贸易引力模型检验数字经济对中国与东盟国家双边贸易的影响。数字经济指标测算结果表明,中国—东盟整体数字经济发展指数从2010年的13.62上升至2021年的27.47,数字经济发展迅速。新加坡、中国与马来西亚数字经济发展水平较高且保持稳步增长,其他国家数字经济发展水平相对较低,还有较大的进步空间。实证结果显示,数字经济发展可以显著提高中国—东盟双边贸易额,尤其是对东盟出口贸易的促进作用更大。从细分指数来看,数字基础设施、数字应用、数字创新竞争力与数字治理对中国—东盟双边贸易均产生显著的促进作用,影响程度有大有小,而数字发展对双边贸易没有显著的促进作用。此外,国家间存在的数字经济差异能显著扩大双边贸易规模,且对出口贸易影响作用更大。在细分指标中,仅数字基础设施差异对双边贸易有显著的促进作用。

加入WTO以来中美经贸关系演变下的大豆贸易研究

中美大豆贸易是中美经贸的重要组成部分。自中国加入WTO以来,中美大豆贸易深受中美经贸关系变动影响。中美经贸关系常态化下,中美大豆贸易依存度较高,中国市场对美国大豆出口的重要性和稳定性不断加强。中美经贸摩擦期间,双边大豆贸易对中美经贸摩擦紧张程度作出即时反应,一定程度上重塑了世界大豆贸易格局,但中美经贸摩擦并没有改变中美大豆贸易紧密关系。中美经贸关系止跌企稳后,新兴大豆生产国短期内仍无法撼动美国对中国进口大豆贸易的重要地位。长期来看,巴西、阿根廷与美国出口大豆将互补式满足中国大豆需求。据此,中国应维护好与美国、新兴大豆生产国的关系,减少地缘政治风险与基建落户对大豆贸易的影响;积极拓展与“一带一路”沿线国和自贸区国家的伙伴关系,鼓励具有国际经验的大中型企业“走出去”;完善大豆产业政策,引导和调动国内农民大豆种植积极性,增强国内大豆生产能力。

中国境外经贸合作区建设的双边贸易效应研究

基于1998—2020年中国进出口贸易的面板数据研究发现,中国境外经贸合作区建设数量显著扩大了中国与东道国的进出口贸易规模。境外经贸合作区建设主要通过改善东道国基础设施和提升营商便利度这两种可能的机制促进双边贸易增长。在人均GDP相对较低、劳动人口并不充足的东道国以及邻近的“一带一路”国家,境外经贸合作区建设对双边贸易的促进效应更为明显,而建设科技研发、商贸物流和农业产业型的经贸合作区对双边贸易的促进效应也更为显著。研究结论为中国以境外经贸合作区为载体,从产能国际合作走向区域价值链共建提供了政策启示。

中国直接投资东盟对双边贸易的影响研究

本文选取2010-2021年中国与东盟双边贸易额以及中国对东盟的直接投资存量,分别构建进出口引力模型,测算出中国对东盟的直接投资存在贸易效应,发现出口效应显著大于进口效应,且进口效应不明显,从政府和企业角度提出完善贸易便利化和投资自由化措施,以期促进中国与东盟的经济贸易高质量发展。

RCEP关税减让对中日双边贸易的影响--基于动态递归GTAP模型的模拟分析

RCEP的生效为中日双边贸易带来新的机遇和挑战。根据2013—2022年SITC分类下的产品贸易数据,对中日双边贸易发展现状和贸易结构特征进行了深入分析,并运用动态递归GTAP模型模拟分析RCEP关税减让对双边贸易的影响。结果表明:中日双边贸易在样本期间呈波动增长态势,导致贸易逆差波动变化;两国贸易结构主要集中在机械和运输设备以及杂项制品,表明两国在制造业和技术领域存在相互依存关系;贸易结构特征显示,中日双边贸易互补性大于竞争性,且以产业内贸易为主,比较优势主要体现在劳动密集型和资本密集型产品上。GTAP模型分析结果表明,RCEP的生效推动了中日贸易额增长,对两国宏观经济和社会福利产生显著影响;尽管中国在经济效应上的增幅较小,但中国对外贸易潜力更多体现在与其有更大贸易互补性的其他贸易成员国。

RCEP背景下山东省与东盟一般商品贸易竞争优势及提升策略

在RCEP背景下,探究山东省与东盟一般商品贸易的新动态、新特点,对于促进双边贸易发展,提升山东企业在国际市场的竞争力具有重要的现实意义。基于2012~2022年相关贸易数据,计算贸易结合度指数、产业内贸易指数、显示性比较优势指数,分析了山东省与东盟一般商品贸易的竞争情况。结果表明:山东省与东盟一般商品贸易规模总体上随时序呈现波动性的上升态势,竞争优势稳中向好,但表现出一定的非平衡性;计算双边贸易结合度发现,进口密集度指数与出口密集度指数均大于1,双方贸易联系密切,为主要的贸易伙伴;从贸易结构来看,双方以农产品贸易为主,劳动密集性特征明显;从贸易特征来看,双方以产业间贸易为主,产业内贸易发展不充分,商品出口的互补性大于竞争性;显示性比较优势指数(RCA)表明,山东在东盟市场上仅少部分工业品的出口竞争性较强,而大部分商品的RCA指数均低于0.8,竞争性相对较弱;最后,在竞争优势分析的基础上,给出了促进双边贸易的相关措施供参考。本研究对于进一步促进山东省与东盟的双边合作具有一定的实践意义。

金融改革对中国与上合组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响研究

基于利用熵权法构造的相对金融改革指数和2002—2022年中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的面板数据,建立扩展的引力模型,实证分析了金融改革对中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响。基准回归结果显示:金融改革会显著促进中国与上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易和出口贸易,相对金融改革指数每提升1%,中国对上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易额提升约0.672%,出口贸易额提升约0.576%。此外,中国相对上海合作组织其他成员国的贸易自由度越高,越有利于双方进出口贸易的发展,上海合作组织各成员国人均GDP的提升会促进中国对其他成员国的进口和出口。