ANALYSIS OF FOLDS SOUTH OF MALAKAND AND ADJOINING AREAS, NORTH PAKISTAN

North of the study area in lower Swat, the rocks have been found to have undergone multiple deformations with at least four periods of folding during a single Paleogene metamorphism (DiPietro and Lawrence, 1991). The earliest folds are composite W—SW vergent, syn\|metamorphic F 1/F 2 folds associated with the formation of the regional foliation. Late\|metamorphic, N—S trending open upright F 3 folds are associated with local foliation development, and E—W trending open F 4 folds are associated with retrograde metamorphism. These interfere with each other to produce dome/basin structures.

Specialization or Diversification:Which is More Conducive to Foreign Trade Resilience?Evidence from China-Russia Border Regions in Northeast China

Under the background of complex international situation,how to build the special geo-economic space of China-Russia bor-der lies in strengthening their foreign trade resilience against external shocks.Based on empirical evidence from ten prefecture-level China-Russia border regions in Northeast China,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of foreign trade resilience under dif-ferent shocks.Furthermore,through the Panel Regression model,the mechanism of the industrial structure on the foreign trade resili-ence in contraction period and expansion period was discussed.The results showed that:1)from 2004 to 2021,foreign trade in China-Russia border regions experienced five phases.The overall foreign trade resilience was higher than expected,showing a rising volatility trend,but there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the ability of cities to cope with shocks.2)Highly specialized clusters were mainly concentrated in Yichun,Heihe and Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture,while Mudanjiang and Yanbian performed better in related and unrelated diversification.3)In different stages of economic system evolution,the response mode,degree and result of border foreign trade resilience to regional industrial structure showed obvious stage characteristics.During the contraction period,related diversifica-tion was more conducive to improving the resistance through risk spillovers.During the expansion period,specialization played a more significant role in improving regional resilience through self-reinforcing effect.These results are beneficial for expanding the resilience theory,ensuring border economic security and optimizing border industrial investment layout.

Permafrost warming along the Mo'he-Jiagedaqi section of the China-Russia crude oil pipeline

The permafrost along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline(CRCOP) is degrading since the pipeline operation in 2011. Heat dissipated from the pipeline, climate warming and anthropogenic activities leads to permafrost warming. The processes of permafrost warming along the CRCOP were studied based on the monitoring of air and soil temperatures, and electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) surveys. Results show that:(1) the mean annual air temperature(MAAT) in permafrost regions along the CRCOP increased with a rate of 0.21°C/10a–0.40°C/10 a during the past five decades;(2) the mean annual ground temperature(MAGT, at-15 m depth) of undisturbed permafrost increased by 0.2°C and the natural permafrost table remained unchanged due to the zero-curtain effect;(3) permafrost surrounding the uninsulated pipeline right-of-way warmed significantly compared with that in a natural site. During 2012–2017, the MAGT and the artificial permafrost table, 2 m away from the pipeline centerline, increased at rates of 0.063°C/a and 1.0 m/a. The thaw bulb developed around the pipe and exhibits a faster lateral expansion;(4) 80-mm-thick insulation could reduce the heat exchange between the pipeline and underlying permafrost and then keep the permafrost and pipe stable. The MAGT and the artificial permafrost table, 4.8 m away from the center line of the pipeline, increased by 0.3°C/a and 0.43 m/a, respectively. Due to the heat disturbance caused by warm oil, the degradation of wetland, controlled burn each autumn and climate warming, the permafrost extent reduced and warmed significantly along the CRCOP route. Field observations provide basic data to clarify the interactions between CRCOP and permafrost degradation and environmental effects in the context of climate change.

Thermal state of soils in the active layer and underlain permafrost at the kilometer post 304 site along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline

On-site monitoring is very important for understanding formation mechanisms of frost hazards frequently occurring in pipeline foundation soils and for designing and deploying according mitigative measures in permafrost regions.Significant thaw subsidence of ground surfaces along the ChinaRussia Crude Oil Pipeline(CRCOP) from Mo'he to Daqing,Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China have been observed at some segments underlain by ice-rich warm(>1.0°C) permafrost since the official operation in January 2011.Recent monitoring results of the thermal states of foundation soils at the kilometer post(KP) 304 site along the CRCOP are presented in this paper.The results indicate that during the period from 2012 to 2014,shallow soils(at the depths from0.8 to 4.0 m from ground surface) has warmed by approximately 1.0°C in the lateral range of 1.2 to 2.1 maway from the pipeline axis,and deeper permafrost(such as at the depth of 15 m,or the depth of zero annual amplitude of ground temperatures) by 0.08°C per year 4 m away from the pipe axis,and 0.07°C per year 5 m away from the pipeline axis.The results indicate an all-season talik has developed around and along the CRCOP.The thaw bulb,with a faster lateral expansion(compared with the vertical growth),enlarges in summer and shrinks in winter.This research will provide important references and bases for evaluating thermal influences of warm pipeline on permafrost and for design,construction,operation and maintenance of pipelines in permafrost regions.

Cold-region environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline and their management

The cold-region eco-environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) in northern Northeast China are in disequilibrium due to the combined influences of pronounced climate warming and intensive anthropogenic activities.This is evidenced by the sharp areal reduction and northward shifting of the boreal forests,shrinking of wetlands,enhancing of soil erosion,accelerating degradation of permafrost and deteriorating of cold-region eco-environments.The degradation of permafrost plays an important role as an internal drive in the eco-environmental changes.Many components of the cold-region eco-environments,including frozen ground,forests,wetlands and peatlands,forest fires and 'heating island effect' of rapid urbanization,are interdependent,interactive,and integrated in the boreal ecosystems.The construction and long-term operation of the CRCOP system will inevitably disturb the cold-region environments along the pipeline.Therefore,a mandatory and carefully-elaborated environ-mental impact statement is indispensable for the proper mitigation of the ensued adverse impacts.Proper management,effective protection and practical rehabilitation of the damaged cold-region environments are a daunting,costly and long-term commitment.The recommended measures for protection and restoration of permafrost eco-environments along the pipeline route include adequate investigation,assessment and monitoring of permafrost and cold-region environments,compliance of pipeline construction and operation codes for environmental management,proper and timely re-vegetation,returning the cultivated lands to forests and grasslands,and effective mitigation of forest fire hazards.

Deepening China-Russia Oil and Gas Cooperation and Working together for an Energy Silk Road——Speech at the Special Conferenee for "Crossroads on the Silk Road"

I am very glad to be here in beautiful Vladivostok for the 4th Eastern Economic Forum and the special conference for “Crossroads on the Silk Road”.As we all know,President Xi Jinping proposed the Belt and Road Initiative in September 2013,which has been positively responded to and participated in by Russia;China and Russia proposed to build a comprehensive strategic partnership in May 2014 and further deepened this partnership in 2017;also,in May 2014,Russia proposed the establishment of the “Eurasian Economic Union” and started this effort in 2016;in June 2016,President Xi Jinping and President Putin proposed the establishment of a comprehensive partnership between Europe and Asia to jointly promote cooperation between Europe and Asia;at the SCO Qingdao Summit in this June,the heads of state of China and Russia once again pledged to work together on the international stage.

“I am willing to play a proactive role in China-Russia Scientific Research Exchanges”——Exclusive Interview with Dr. Konstantin Chingin, the awardee of 2018 Chinese Government Friendship Award

Professor Konstantin Chingin is engaged in the research of direct mass spectrum analysis in terms of basic theories,instrument development and applications and has achieved plenty of original results. He has done a lot in the fields of scientific research, platform construction。

邻接已建地下室深大基坑支护结构设计实践

随着城市地下空间开发利用的迅猛发展,临近甚至邻接已建地下结构的项目也越来越多,如何利用已有地下结构或其支护结构成为面临的新课题。本文以某综合体项目基坑支护设计为例,阐述了项目特点及支护结构选型,并根据项目特点,针对与已建地下室及原围护结构间传力转换体系、支锚刚度引起的变形协调和地下水处理等关键问题提出了处理措施。工程实践表明,利用已有地下结构作为支撑点是可行的,但需要考虑支撑计算长度引起的支锚刚度变化,其可通过调整支撑杆件布置、加强截面参数及覆板边桁架等措施实现。

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

湘黔桂毗邻地区南华纪岩相古地理特征及地质意义

为了寻找连续完整且有研究价值的南华系剖面、推进南华系建系工作。本文依据对湘黔桂交界地区南华系主要剖面观察研究所获资料,以沉积岩相类型分析、分布特点为线索,划分出了12种沉积岩相类型,在此基础上反演南华纪各主要阶段古地理环境。得出:南华纪湘黔桂交界地区北西侧为古陆、南东侧为南华裂谷盆地,南华纪早晚两个冰期仅在古陆与盆地过渡的浅海地带,也就是现今的湘黔桂交界地区存在连续完整的沉积,连续完整的具研究价值的南华系剖面应在该区域寻找这一结论。

安徽省沿湖靠山圩区治涝方案研究——以枞阳县小缸窑圩为例

为解决小缸窑圩“关门淹”问题,通过分析小缸窑圩水系条件、工程现状及洪涝遭遇情况,并遵循一般治涝原则,合理划分高、低排区,规划新建排涝泵站,将小缸窑圩除涝标准由不足5年一遇提高到10年一遇。总结的“上防山洪、中撇洪水、下排涝水、相机排洪”治理思路可为安徽省沿湖靠山圩区治涝提供参考。

一种简单高效的二值图像并行细化算法PABIT

提出一种简单易行的二值图像并行细化算法 PABIT,该算法通过模板匹配的方式 ,层层剥离原始图像的边缘像素 ,使具有像素点宽度为偶数的笔划保留双像素的中心骨架 ,使像素点宽度为奇数的笔划只保留单像素的中心骨架线 ,最终在此准骨架的基础上通过进一步处理得到最后的笔划宽度为 1的细化图案 .由于该算法采用并行处理的模式 ,使得该算法较通常的串行算法效果更好 .经该算法细化后的结果具有保形 ,连通 。

基于联系熵的围岩稳定性评价研究

围岩稳定性评价涉及许多不确定因素。由于集对理论和联系熵模型能有效地处理不确定问题,故将联系熵方法应用于围岩分类,建立矿岩分类的联系熵模型,计算围岩的联系熵值,相应地进行矿岩稳定性等级评价。是对系统不确定性进行量化的一种尝试,为矿岩稳定性评价提供了一种新的方法。实例模型表明,联系熵越大,则矿岩的稳定性越差,越危险。

基于规则的连用关系标记的自动标识研究

复句中的关系词对研究复句中各分句的语义关系有着重要意义,但在基于规则的关系词自动识别的研究中发现,并非复句中出现的关系标记都是关系词,从中识别出真正的关系词是研究的重点和难点。提出对一种典型的关系标记——位置相邻的关系标记进行自动标记的算法,该算法结合关系词库和关系词提取技术,分析其连用特征。实验表明,该算法对连用关系标记的标识准确率达到72.9%。

煤巷层状顶板压曲破坏现象分析

将煤巷顶板层状岩层视为薄板 ,按两端固支和简支边界条件 ,导出了压曲临界应力计算公式 .结果表明 ,临界应力与厚垮比及边界条件关系密切 ,据此指出顶板岩体结构和工程尺寸是顶板稳定性的决定性因素 .

数字地形图接边方法研究

根据数字化测图以及地图数字化过程中的分幅地形图的接边问题 ,提出了平均法、强制法、优化法三种接边方法 ,并编程实现了数字地图的全自动和交互式接边 ,大大提高了图形编辑效率和成图质量。

联合MODIS与MISR遥感数据估算叶面积指数

多光谱传感器MODIS与多角度传感器MISR同时搭载在美国EOS观测计划的Terra卫星上,不同的观测方式使得两个传感器的数据组合后形成互补的多光谱多角度观测数据集,为地表参数的遥感估算提供了更多的对地观测信息。该文通过研究组合MODIS与MISR两种观测数据估算陆地表面植被覆盖区域叶面积指数的方法,发展了在物理模型反演的框架内引入基于伴随模型和信赖域优化的反演模式,改进了叶面积指数的遥感估算效果,提高了模型反演的运算速度。对试验区反演结果的验证说明融合两种数据源可以提高叶面积指数的估算精度。基于伴随模型和信赖域优化的地表参数反演方法,为应用于大范围遥感图像数据的模型反演提供了一种有效的途径。

基于Hopfield网络的地下工程围岩稳定性分类

运用具有联想记忆功能的Hopfield神经网络对地下工程的围岩稳定性进行分类,选用岩石质量指标RQD、岩石单轴饱和抗压强度Rw、完整性系数Kv、结构面强度系数Kf和地下渗水量ω等5个指标作为分类的影响因素,利用matlab中提供的函数构建网络并进行仿真,通过对分类标准的记忆,建立一个可以对地下工程围岩稳定性进行分类的hopfield网络。然后将网络用于漫湾水电站和广州抽水蓄能电站两个工程围岩的实测数据进行围岩分类,来检验网络的分类能力。研究表明,Hopfield网络的分类结果是比较可靠的,网络收敛速度很快,具有很好的实用性。

一种基于空间邻接关系的聚类算法及实现

空间聚类分析是空间数据挖掘的一种方法,空间聚类分析能从空间数据库中直接发现一些有用的聚类结构。在此引入了一种基于邻接关系的空间聚类算法,该算法可以实现对空间复杂地理对象的聚类分析。在具体的模拟试验中,利用该算法可以将相邻的并且符合选取条件的空间目标聚类成一类。

加权SUSAN角点检测算法稳定性改进研究

SUSAN算法是比较稳定的角点检测算法,但是也存在着漏检和误检的情况。对经典SUSAN算法研究后针对其缺陷进行了改进,通过提出加权SUSAN算法,提高了角点检测的精度。同时,在USAN判决准则上进行了改进,新的准则增加了模板内和核心点灰度相似像素需要与核心点连通,并且USAN区域重心需要远离核心点的约束条件来进一步筛选候选角点。通过改进,减少了原算法的漏检和误检问题,实验结果也证明了改进方法的有效性。