China-US Trade Relations:Win-Win Picture Distorted

At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic facts regarding China-U.S.trade relations. Based on an analysis of some official and nonofficial research reports published in the United States,this article holds that the China-U.S.trade imbalance is the symptom of a bigger issue stemming from the contradiction between the United States as the world's sole superpower and China as an emerging power.Economic globalisation came about due to the needs of western developed countries represented by the United States to boost economic development.Only by seizing the opportunities of economic globalisation, has China gained strong economic growth. Such a development is changing the world political,economic,military and cultural landscape that have been shaped since the post-cold-war era,and has to some extent raised doubt or suspicion on the part of the United States and its western allies.This is a manifestation of how unprepared some people in the United States and other western countries are in the face of China's rapid development and rising status.So,their immediate reaction has been to seek protection for themselves,and try their utmost to prevent China's rapid growth from impacting on the international framework and their vested interests.

China-U.S. Trade Balance from the National Income Perspective

This paper calculates the China-U.S. trade balance from the national income perspective based on an input-output model that differentiates domestic and foreign-invested companies. The result shows that due to different degrees of dependence of both countries on foreign production factors such as foreign capital for the manufacturing of export goods,only 87.7% of the domestic value-added created by China's exports to the U.S. in 2012 was China's national income, whereas 96.2% of value-added in U.S. exports to China was U.S.national income. In the comparison of total export volume and export value-added, the home country's national income created by exports can more realistically reflect a country's gains from trade. In 2012, China's trade surplus with the U.S. stood at 102.8 billion US dollars in national income terms, which is 61% and 22% smaller than the results in gross and value-added terms, respectively. The implication is that the traditional trade balance accounting method seriously exaggerates the China-U.S. trade imbalance.

The Dos and Don’ts of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement Pose the Ghana’s Maritime Industry Vis-A-Vis Its National Industrialization Drive

The direct and indirect immensely contributions of free trade blocs/single market integration to the steadilygrowth of developed emergence and least developed economies are unmeasurable. The increasing insatiable demand and approval of the free trade model by almost all of the six continents to enhance their economic development has proved that its benefits have indeed outweighed the challenges. Therefore, this research just like the other internationally recognised literatures on this market system, intends to analysis the impacts of the important/dos, don’ts, opportunities, prospects and other important factors of the recent AU member States unanimously endorsement of AfFCTA’s implementation, will have on Ghana’s maritime industry. The possible quantitative findings in this study do uphold its immensely potential benefits impact on the African and Ghana’s maritime industry development and at the same time, indicate an irresistible gap pertaining to the downward progress of its implementation within the sector. These findings have apparently revealed that loss of revenue from scrapping off customs tariffs carries the highest percentage of all the challenges facing AfCFTA’s implementation and recommend that there must be an effective investment-oriented measures-FDI in harnessing the opportunities and prospects embedded in AfCFTA so as to accelerate Ghana’s maritime industry development in its implementation process.

PROSPECTS OF CHINA-U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE

The China—U.S.Agricultural CooperationAgreement is a prelude to China’s accessionto the World Trade Organization(WTO).The basic framework is built,though someDarts are still to be discussed.From a macro prospective,the exportVolume of U.S.agricultural products to Chinawill increase,and vise versa.But the sharein the total trade Volume is dropping.Firstly,no matter how flexible

Impact of Sino-US Trade Agreement on Chinese Legal System about Intellectual Property Rights

On January 15,2020,the representatives of Sino-US trade signed Phase I Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America in Washington,which symbolizes the temporary settlement of two-year Sino-US trade war in relatively peaceful method and lays a good foundation in mutual trust for subsequent Phase II negotiation.This Agreement includes eight chapters involving Sino-US economic and trade and is called the model of the international bilateral agreement by virtue of its wide field and rigorous details.The impact of clauses about intellectual property rights on China’s current legal system and the future revision direction of China’s relevant laws for conformance with the Agreement will be discussed emphatically so that the author can rapidly understand the impact and significance of Sino-US trade agreement to Chinese law.

Progress Made on China-U.S.Trade Relationship at the 22nd JCCT Session

China and the United States concluded the 22nd session of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) on November 21 in Chengdu, China. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan cochaired the two-day meeting with U.S. Secretary of Commerce John Bryson and U.

What is the impact on China of“Vietnam-EU Free Trade Agreement”?

On June 8,the National Assembly of Vietnam approved the"Vietnam-EU Free Trade Agreement"with a voting support rate of 94.62%and decided to adopt all the contents of the agreement.This agreement can contribute 2%-2.5%to Vietnam's GDP growth This agreement will take effect as soon as July and August this year.

Escaping Dependency and Trade War:China and the US

Marxist political economy provides a perspective for grasping the root cause of the China-US trade war.The international relations of production,which stem from the international division of labor,shape the distribution of international economic interests and the political status of countries.Traditionally,developing countries have been subjected to the“periphery”in the international division of labor.In the new global value chain,developing countries have remained in a subordinate position characterized by“technological-market”dependence.To achieve the goal of building a strong modern nation,China must escape the“technological-market”dependence.Yet China’s efforts and achievements in escaping dependent development are deemed as a threat to US vested interests in the international markets.To preserve the economic foundation of its hegemony,the US has resorted to a trade war to contain China’s development.

China-U.S. Relations and International Trade

Dr.Elliot Feldman on April 15,2010 presented the following speech at AmCham-China's Conference of the Asia-Pacific Council of American Chambers of Commerce(APCAC).With his kind approval,China Textile publishes his study and views focused on the title as captioned above.The article expresses the author's own stance.

Marketization the Key to Solving China-U.S. Trade Imbalance

China-U.S.trade has expanded rapidly over the past three decades,during which China’s trade deficit has turned into atrade surplus.China’s exports to the United States account for 20 percent of China’s total export trade,but the United States’exports to China make up less than 10 percent of its export trade.The trade dependence ratio of the two countries has adifference of up to 27 percentage points.While China’s economy and foreign trade become increasingly market-oriented,the U.S.implements long-term export restriction policies against it.Raising the degree of marketization of trade betweenChina and the U.S.is the key to redressing the China-U.S.trade imbalance.

区域贸易协定中竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的影响研究

以64个国家1995—2017年141个区域贸易协定为样本,在测度竞争政策规则深度的基础上,实证考察其对出口国内增加值的影响。研究结果表明:竞争政策规则的强化有助于提升缔约方出口国内增加值。该结果经过稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果表明,缔约方制度质量加强了竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的促进作用,但区域贸易协定灵活度会阻碍该促进作用。区分条款发现,横向原则与国有企业条款可以促进出口国内增加值;区分国别发现,竞争政策规则对不同经济发展水平国家出口国内增加值存在异质性影响。进一步分析发现,竞争政策规则的强化对第三方国家存在溢出效应。因此,中国应有意识地强化竞争政策的基础性地位,合理设计竞争政策条款并逐步提升执行度,打造更为开放透明、公平竞争的市场环境。

药品数据专有权国际立法溯源与中国制度安排

药品上市审批对于药品安全有效性数据的专门审查要求,造就了涉及药品数据的独特知识产权保护机制。基于药品数据获取的高昂投入及其对于药品仿制与后续创新的重要价值,美欧发达国家在世界范围内率先建立了药品数据保护机制,其逐渐成为一项国际性的法律规则。无论是美欧发达国家的立法,还是相关国际法律规则,对于药品数据的知识产权保护都呈现从商业秘密模式向专有权机制转变的立法格局。产业利益驱动无疑是其中的一个重要诱因,但归根结底是源自药品数据专有权有效兼顾原研发药企经济利益与社会公众健康权益的制度优势。鉴于此,在药品数据专有权保护的国际趋势下,我国应从本土药品产业激励创新与规范仿制的基本诉求出发,以必要的内部限制与外部监管明确药品数据专有权的法律边界,并通过药品数据动态化公示平台的设置与药品数据付费使用模式的创设,建构起与药品专利制度有机衔接的数据专有权保护机制。

“一带一路”贸易便利化的十年进展、问题分析与推进路径

共建“一带一路”走过了蓬勃十年,它不仅是中国新时代扩大对外开放的总抓手,而且为国际社会提供了重要合作平台。贸易畅通是共建“一带一路”的核心任务之一,贸易便利化对推动“一带一路”贸易畅通至关重要。在共建“一带一路”十周年之际,本文从商签自贸协定、加强海关合作、交通互联互通、发展贸易新业态四个方面,系统总结十年来“一带一路”贸易便利化的历程与进展,剖析当前存在的问题,探讨进一步提升贸易便利化水平的路径。

RCEP背景下我国纺织产业高质量发展路径探析

分析了RCEP给我国纺织产业在开拓出口市场、加快海外产业链布局等方面带来的机遇,以及我国纺织产业在更加激烈的国际竞争中所面临的挑战。认为在RCEP背景下,我国纺织产业应当通过研判协定规则、聚力创新研发、树立法律意识、强化智力支撑等措施,不断优化纺织产业链合理布局、加快转型升级步伐、提升纺织产品国际竞争力,同时,也应当加强投资及外贸风险防范,进一步加速我国纺织产业对外开放的步伐。

越南自贸协定中的农业开放策略及对中国的启示

近年来,越南作为亚太地区重要的新兴经济体,构建了面向主要贸易伙伴的自由贸易区网络,积极推动农业对外开放,促进了农业贸易与投资的增长,并通过对标国际高标准经贸规则倒逼国内农业改革,巩固了农业产业优势,将自身农业发展更深地嵌入全球农业供应链。与越南相比,中国目前签署的自由贸易协定涵盖的农产品贸易额较低,农业货物贸易自由化水平及服务贸易和投资开放水平有待提升。在新发展阶段,基于建设农业强国和贸易强国的现实要求,中国应继续积极推进高标准、高水平自由贸易区建设,分类设计自由贸易协定中的农业货物贸易开放方案,加大涉农服务投资开放的压力测试,并关注农业开放中的产业损害问题。

“发展中国家”概念何以引发争议?——GATT框架下的概念史考察

“发展中国家”是全球治理中的一个基础性概念,近年来却成为国际话语场域中的争议性概念。考察关税及贸易总协定框架下“发展中国家”概念的历史,对于厘清相关争议的缘起和进一步理解国际话语竞争具有重要价值。“发展中国家”概念在GATT框架下经历了三个阶段:20世纪50年代以修订GATT1947第18条为代表的概念孕育阶段,60年代以增加GATT1947第四部分为代表的概念萌芽阶段和70年代以后以普惠制、差别优惠待遇及“毕业原则”等为代表的概念流行阶段。GATT框架下的“发展中国家”概念展现出模糊甚至混乱的特征,为日后世界贸易组织的相关争议埋下了隐患。西方发达国家在这一概念的塑造过程中注入了自身的价值观,而发展中国家的参与却十分有限,这也为当今的国际话语竞争提供了重要的启示。

WTO的未来:诸边协定是提振多边贸易体制的有效路径

随着全球矛盾的加剧,世界贸易组织(WTO)各成员对统一规则的接受程度在分化,通过开放的诸边谈判达成更多共识,是中国等WTO成员为解决WTO谈判僵局所采取的创新举措。联合声明倡议(JSIs)以创新的方式使谈判功能现代化,使WTO更具相关性和弹性,有助于恢复WTO在世界贸易中的中心地位。如果联合声明倡议采取开放式的诸边模式,则不违背WTO的多边基础,不违反《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》,在一般国际法上具有合法性。在无需对WTO规则进行修订的情况下,将联合声明倡议成果添加到WTO法律框架中的不同路径有:修改承诺表、纳入《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》附件4“诸边协定”和制定软法。在当前的国际贸易环境下,提振多边主义的有效途径是通过诸边方式达成诸边协定,并使其逐步多边化直至适用于所有WTO成员。中国应把握好方向,制定好策略,对标联合声明倡议谈判成果,促进WTO谈判模式改革向着更加合理、有效的方向发展。

区域贸易协定对全球价值链参与度的影响——基于区域贸易协定深度水平的视角

针对全球价值链分工日益深化与区域贸易协定(RTA)不断增加的局面,在测算全球价值链参与度的基础上,利用WTO区域贸易协定数据库的资料,参照对RTA条款深度的划分,实证检验了RTA对经济体全球价值链参与度的影响。整体上,RTA对经济体的全球价值链参与度具有显著促进作用,但不同深度水平的RTA影响效应有所差别。其中,“WTO+”比“WTO-X”条款对经济体价值链参与度的影响更大,且RTA对发展中经济体价值链地位提升的影响大于发达经济体。地理距离、区域竞争在RTA对经济体价值链参与度影响中发挥着一定的调节作用。地理距离越近,RTA对价值链分工参与度的影响越大;RTA达成得越早,越有利于发挥RTA建立的竞争优势,保护本经济体在其他经济体的市场地位。机制检验表明,RTA可通过降低关税壁垒和促进对外投资推动经济体价值链地位的提升。