Promoting China-U.S.Arctic education cooperation:challenges,opportunities and recommendations

Arctic education refers not only to the teaching,but also to research,communication,dissemination as well as popularization of knowledge related to the Arctic.This article reviews joint efforts between Chinese and American educators and researchers to promote cooperation and understanding in Arctic education and research,and examines the facing challenges of China-U.S.Arctic education cooperation which include current political or economic tensions between the two countries,the differing perspectives and priorities on Arctic policy,the disproportion in Arctic scientific research,different research methodologies and discourse system in social science.This article also argues that there are opportunities for the two countries to cooperate in Arctic education.Common goals and interests in the Arctic,Arctic-dedicated institutions with significant Arctic research capabilities and partnerships around the world provide foundations for Arctic education cooperation.The implementation of a new science-based Arctic treaty of the Arctic Council is an opportunity for China-U.S.Arctic education cooperation.As for future cooperation,it suggests that in addition to promoting the direct bilateral cooperation,cooperation within international cooperation platforms and mechanisms,especially within the Arctic Council also needs to be further promoted.

The Underlying Motivations and Long-Term Trends of the US Decoupling of China-US Science and Technology Relations

Since 2018,the US government has adopted a range of restrictive measures on China-US science and technology exchange,as it strives for a decoupling strategy against China.This strategy has brought about historic change in China-US science and technology relations.The US government has set out to obstruct the free flow of technology,data,capital,markets,and talents between China and the United States,thereby changing the basic rationale of China-US science and technology cooperation.The US has multiple underlying motivations for implementing this strategy including recognizing the security threats posed by China’s cutting-edge technology development,treating China as a competitor in global science and technology diplomacy,prompting the backflow of the technological industrial chain,and the strengthened industrial competition between the two countries.Decoupling is one of the competition strategies of the United States.It is aimed at ensuring a favorable position for their national innovation systems,particularly in China-US competition.However,the limitations of the decoupling strategy may not allow the US to achieve what it desires.These limitations also provide space for the two countries to ease their competitive relationship.

China-US Trade Relations:Win-Win Picture Distorted

At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic facts regarding China-U.S.trade relations. Based on an analysis of some official and nonofficial research reports published in the United States,this article holds that the China-U.S.trade imbalance is the symptom of a bigger issue stemming from the contradiction between the United States as the world's sole superpower and China as an emerging power.Economic globalisation came about due to the needs of western developed countries represented by the United States to boost economic development.Only by seizing the opportunities of economic globalisation, has China gained strong economic growth. Such a development is changing the world political,economic,military and cultural landscape that have been shaped since the post-cold-war era,and has to some extent raised doubt or suspicion on the part of the United States and its western allies.This is a manifestation of how unprepared some people in the United States and other western countries are in the face of China's rapid development and rising status.So,their immediate reaction has been to seek protection for themselves,and try their utmost to prevent China's rapid growth from impacting on the international framework and their vested interests.

China-US Cybersecurity Dilemma and Its Impacts

The interaction between China and the US over cybersecurity has plunged into mutual opposition,causing a dilemma of cybersecurity cooperation and negatively impacting China-US relations.A more negative attitude of US society to China supports policymakers in their assertive anti-China concept of security.Because this situation will prevail and will further aggravate competition,repositioning China-US cyber relations and maintaining its stability is of great significance for the two sides to avoid conflicts,build trust,and explore limited cyber cooperation.

The Multi-Polar Structure and New Balance of the China-US Relationship

The multi-polar structure is a new international relationship structure, which differs greatly from both the bi-polar and uni-polar structures in both structure and nature, mainly emerging from the evolution of two aspects： first, the meaning of ＂polar＂ has undergone a major change; and second, beyond the power structure, the relationship structure between nations is much different from the past and is inflicting an increasingly important impact on core implication of the multi-polar the structure. Decentralization is the structure. In the current reality of international politics, decentralization refers to the dissolution of US hegemony, as different nations and power centers are busy competing and cooperating with one another at different levels in accordance with their own advantages and characteristics. Globally, the multi-polar structure manifests a state in which the current power structure is loosening, while international relationships have become more diversified due to their ongoing development. This is the development of a new relationship structure that is of great significance and what calls for our closest attention.

On the Pattern, Motivation and Prospects of China-US Nonproliferation Cooperation

Nonproliferation cooperation has always been a bright spot in China-US security cooperation for over more than a decade. China and the U.S. should timely adjust the focus of their nonproliferation cooperation on a more equal basis, expanding common interests and exploring new patterns for cooperation so as to create a model for the two countries to join hands in global governance and maintenance of regional order.

US Competitive Policy toward China and Transformation of China-US Relations

The door to strategic competition between China and the US has opened under the Trump administration, whose strategy, policy and tactics toward China create a grim picture for bilateral relations in the short run. However, the relations in the long term depend both on the state of interplay between various parties in the US, and more importantly on China’s influence and response.

CONDITIONS FOR CHINA-US STRATEGIC COOPERATION

From the "Five-clause Agreement Draft" of 1944 to the Shanghai Communiqueof 1972, the strategic relationship between the United States (US) and theChinese Communist Party (CCP) went through a cycle from partners to foes thenback to partners again. Since the end of World War II, a huge number of booksand articles on CCP-US relations have been published both in the United States andChina. Because of their different political background, Chinese and

Trumponomics and China-US Economic and Trade Relations

Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.

China-US Competition in Digital Technologies and EU Strategy

Unable to catch up with China and the United States in the short term,the European Union is in an unfavorable position in the booming digital technology sector needed for economic growth.Within the context of intensifying technological competition and diplomatic strain between China and the US,the EU and European countries have adapted their digital strategies.As a former balance strategy shifts toward constraining Chinese tech companies,Europe’s technological sovereignty is at stake.To enhance European tech capability and control,key measures include increased investment in digital tech,formation of a single European dataspace,and rules based on European values.The interplay between technology and geopolitics and the rising importance of values in digital regulations make possible a technology alliance,despite the introduction of protectionism into the mix.China will need to understand the situation and give positive response.

The Dimensions and Management of China-US Financial Competition

During a period of profound adjustments to the international power structure,China-US financial competition may intensify and lead to a crisis for the international financial system and even the international power system.The China-US financial relationship is structured in mainly four dimensions:the international monetary system,bilateral financial exchanges,the international financial system and the construction of international financial and/or economic concepts.Management of this competition relationship is thereby four-pronged:managing the relationship between the RMB and the US dollar in the international monetary system,the China-US bilateral creditor-debtor relationship,the indirect China-US relationship in global financial governance organizations and normative frameworks,and the divergence of both countries in regard to their economic ideologies.In particular,to stabilize the international monetary system,China should postpone the strategic confrontation between the RMB and the US dollar,strengthening their complementarity and cooperation based on market choice and their monetary function.Meanwhile,China should be prudent as a creditor to the United States,neither coerced by its over-reliance on American financial markets,nor tempted to weaponize the US debt by dumping US bonds.Also,before aiming for systematic reforms,China should first aim to become a stakeholder in the current global financial governance system by comprehensively accepting and becoming deeply integrated into it.Finally,China should avoid the economic competition model between China and the United States,and should instead apply the“Chinese Approach”to better facilitate solutions to international problems.These approaches to crisis management aim to help China endure this turbulent period of the international power system with more prudent strategies and policies,and to maintain a relatively stable international financial and economic environment for the sustained rise of its economy and for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.

China-US Relations in the Trump Era

To the astonishment of the whole world,against the protest of the American elites,Donald Trump won the presidential election of 2016.Whether you like him or not,President Trump will usher in a new era.Will he fulfill all the promises of the campaign?Will he'make America great again'?Will

A New Model of China-US Big Power Relations： A Symbolic Sign in Foreign Affairs

To cope with the current crisis and tensions full-filled China-US relationship, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a new model of China-US big power relations, which the US agrees. Yet the new model won a heated discussion. In China this new model was evaluated positively and optimistically, while in the US it was perceived as a strategic challenge or even a threat. In the present article, the author proposes that this new model of China-US big power relations is more like a symbolic sign in foreign affairs rather than a strategic challenge or a threat or an effective and workable mechanism at this moment, and meanwhile analyses this view from diachronic and semiotic perspectives. The analyses reveal that the new model functions as a symbolic sign, signifying to the world that conceptually the two big powers have a good and harmonious relationship.

产融结合的同群效应研究——来自A股上市公司的经验证据

已有关于产融结合的研究较少从同群效应视角考察。本文基于中国沪、深两市A股2008—2020年非平衡面板数据,重点探究产融结合同群效应的存在合理性、产生机制及可能造成的经济后果。研究发现,产融结合分别在深度和广度两方面存在显著的同群效应,采用同群企业股票特质收益率作为工具变量及多项稳健性检验,结果依然成立。领导企业的产融结合同群效应表现为“竞争动机”,追随企业的产融结合同群效应是出于“信息动机”。产融结合同群效应能够降低企业面临的风险,但是会提高社会层面的整体风险水平。本研究拓展了同群效应及产融结合影响因素的研究边界,为政府部门完善有关经济政策、企业制定产融结合决策提供了理论依据与经验证据。

国际科研合作的空间策略:风险交叠背景下我国理工科学者的个体行动

理工科学者的国际科研合作是分析中国在科学研究方面取得成就的重要视角。以中美地缘政治竞争下全球科学系统与国家科学系统解耦趋势增强为背景,基于与我国17位理工科学者和1位大学科研部门负责人的深度访谈,探讨我国理工科学者的国际科研合作动态。研究发现,中美地缘政治竞争与COVID-19两种结构性风险交叠发生作用,引发了国际科研合作的三大变化:外方学者对政治审查的担忧导致其合作意愿降低;线上交流的低效性与局限性致使国际合作质量下降;学者学术流动的中断导致国际合作网络凝滞。然而,我国的理工科学者并非全然被动地承受结构性风险的影响。具体而言,他们通过“空间勾连”策略,积极寻找和构建合作中介,将科研合作的双边机制拓展为多边机制;利用“空间延续”策略,选择性地延续过去的合作关系,立足于强关系保持合作;通过“空间开拓”策略,发展替代性的合作关系,着眼于弱关系建立新的合作。这些策略显示了学者们在自下而上地应对合作挑战、推动国家与全球科学系统再度整合方面的潜力。为此,提出高等教育机构对学者国际合作的组织支持路径:依据学者的合作需求,帮助其谋求更多的低政治风险合作机会,并协助完成各种行政审批流程;在开展线上活动时,应尽量提供高安全性、高效率的交流环境;重启及加强学者间的互访机制,发挥学术流动对建立国际合作网络、保障合作质量的作用。随着地缘政治竞争引发的“国家—全球”科研系统解耦,国际科研合作的结构性风险逐渐转嫁为能动性风险,科学家个体的能动性行动对科学全球化的影响力需要得到重视。

我国上市公司股利分配政策的同群效应研究

公司股利分配政策深受监管机构和投资者长期关注,对于公司内部治理和价值提升具有重要影响。在2023年沪深交易所出台《上市公司现金分红指引》的大背景下,对股利分配政策的同群效应进行研究具有现实意义。本文使用工具变量两阶段Probit模型,实证检验了沪深A股市场股利分配政策同群效应的表现及异质性。研究发现,我国上市公司在制定和实施股利分配政策时存在显著的同群效应,这种同群效应主要表现为行业内小市值公司对大市值龙头公司的跟随效应。股利分配政策的同群效应具有“非对称性”:行业内大市值公司会按照行业惯例在非现金股利分配方面表现出同群效应,而行业内小市值公司更倾向于跟随行业标准在现金股利分配方面表现出显著的同群效应。公司调升和调降股息率对于行业内其他公司股利分配政策的同群效应具有异质性。本文进一步从信息优势和行业竞争两大假说的基本假设出发,对同群效应的成因进行讨论。本文的研究对于证券监管部门规范和引导上市公司制定股利分配政策具有重要的政策含义。

中美博弈背景下的美国港口国管辖:趋势、风险与应对

海洋是当前中美博弈的重要场域,美国近年来不断推行对华海上竞争,对中国的海上活动进行遏制围堵。在此背景下,美国的港口国立法在入港安全审查和环保要求方面更加严格,并通过扩大执法权增强美国的海上执法力量。其港口国执法实践也呈现新动向,体现在持续强化环保、安全和劳工高标准执法等方面,通过执法协议扩展域外执法范围,意识形态主导的针对性执法增多,加强对北极海域的管控等方面。美国不断强化港口国管辖的态势给我国海上安全和发展利益带来重大风险和挑战。我国应积极应对,重视加强国际海事规则履约,促进港口国管辖权规则完善,同时扩大与港口国家构建蓝色伙伴关系,推动形成港口国监督执法共同体,维护我国的海上安全和发展利益。