China-US Trade Relations:Win-Win Picture Distorted

At present China-U.S.trade relations are in a state of confusion.Although both countries have gained tremendous benefits from the bilateral trade relationship,some Americans have intentionally distorted some basic facts regarding China-U.S.trade relations. Based on an analysis of some official and nonofficial research reports published in the United States,this article holds that the China-U.S.trade imbalance is the symptom of a bigger issue stemming from the contradiction between the United States as the world's sole superpower and China as an emerging power.Economic globalisation came about due to the needs of western developed countries represented by the United States to boost economic development.Only by seizing the opportunities of economic globalisation, has China gained strong economic growth. Such a development is changing the world political,economic,military and cultural landscape that have been shaped since the post-cold-war era,and has to some extent raised doubt or suspicion on the part of the United States and its western allies.This is a manifestation of how unprepared some people in the United States and other western countries are in the face of China's rapid development and rising status.So,their immediate reaction has been to seek protection for themselves,and try their utmost to prevent China's rapid growth from impacting on the international framework and their vested interests.

Trumponomics and China-US Economic and Trade Relations

Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.

Application Skills of Business English in International Economic and Trade Negotiations

In international economic and trade negotiations, business English communication skills are extremely important and an important factor affecting the success of negotiations. Based on this, the meaning and characteristics of business English and its role in international trade were elaborated in this study, and the obstacles of business English communication skills in international trade negotiations were deeply studied, then optimization strategies for the current problems were put forward, aiming at providing some theoretical reference for the development of foreign economic and trade in China.

CO_2 Emissions Embodied in China-U.S.Trade

After the Kyoto Protocol was implemented,carbon leakage exerts great influences on international trade and economy.Trade creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution associated with their consumption to other countries.China has overtaken the U.S.as the world's biggest CO2 emitter since 2006.As China's second largest trade partner,the U.S.has the biggest trade deficit with China which has aroused a lot of disputes between the two parties.But so far the assessments of the trade imbalance of China-U.S.have paid little attention to environmental impacts associated with the trade imbalance.Applied an input-output approach,the article estimates the amount of CO2 embodied in China-U.S.trade during 1997-2007.It was found that through trade with China,the U.S.reduced its CO2 emissions compared with a non-trade scenario.Due to the greater carbon-intensity and relatively less efficient production processes of Chinese industry,China-U.S.trade resulted in more CO2 emissions in China and the world.In the end,the article gives some suggestions:it is equal and sustainable that the international accounting methodologies should be improved,for CO2 emissions responsibility must be designed to account for the dynamic nature of international trade.

China-U.S. Trade Balance from the National Income Perspective

This paper calculates the China-U.S. trade balance from the national income perspective based on an input-output model that differentiates domestic and foreign-invested companies. The result shows that due to different degrees of dependence of both countries on foreign production factors such as foreign capital for the manufacturing of export goods,only 87.7% of the domestic value-added created by China's exports to the U.S. in 2012 was China's national income, whereas 96.2% of value-added in U.S. exports to China was U.S.national income. In the comparison of total export volume and export value-added, the home country's national income created by exports can more realistically reflect a country's gains from trade. In 2012, China's trade surplus with the U.S. stood at 102.8 billion US dollars in national income terms, which is 61% and 22% smaller than the results in gross and value-added terms, respectively. The implication is that the traditional trade balance accounting method seriously exaggerates the China-U.S. trade imbalance.

Embodied Pollution in China-U.S.Trade——An Empirical Study Based on Estimation of Input-Output Technology Matrix

Using input-output tables of China and the U.S., this paper has calculated the pollution embodied in trade and structure of pollution, the balance of emissions embodied in trade （BEET） and the pollution terms of trade （PTT） for 18 manufacturing sectors of China and the US. between 2001 and 2010. The calculation aims to verify whether China has become a ＂pollution haven＂ in bilateral trade with developed countries represented by the U.S., and whether Chinese exports are ＂dirtier＂ compared with imports from the U.S., and further conducting an industry structure analysis and effect decomposition study on pollution embodied in trade in industrial goods between China and U.S.. Result of our research indicates that according to our calculation of the BEET, China remains a country with environmental deficits in bilateral trade with the U.S. while the gaps between pollution embodied in China＇s export and import are narrowing. Pollution embodied in China＇s export has the tendency of increase before decline while pollution embodied in import demonstrates no significant tendency of decline. Through effect decomposition, we further found that the effect of technology arising from the substantial decline of pollution intensity effectively lowered pollution embodied in export and narrowed the environmental deficits of China in its bilateral trade. The effect of scale arising from growing export volumes significantly increased China＇s environmental deficits while the structural effect arising from changes in the structure of import and export is insignificant in reducing environmental deficits. Our calculation of the PTT led to the finding that China＇s export goods are more pollution intensive compared with import goods and that the structure of US exports to China is cleaner than the structure of Chinese exports to the US., which requires further improvements of China＇s import and export structure.

PROSPECTS OF CHINA-U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE

The China—U.S.Agricultural CooperationAgreement is a prelude to China’s accessionto the World Trade Organization(WTO).The basic framework is built,though someDarts are still to be discussed.From a macro prospective,the exportVolume of U.S.agricultural products to Chinawill increase,and vise versa.But the sharein the total trade Volume is dropping.Firstly,no matter how flexible

Progress Made on China-U.S.Trade Relationship at the 22nd JCCT Session

China and the United States concluded the 22nd session of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) on November 21 in Chengdu, China. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan cochaired the two-day meeting with U.S. Secretary of Commerce John Bryson and U.

China-U.S. Relations and International Trade

Dr.Elliot Feldman on April 15,2010 presented the following speech at AmCham-China's Conference of the Asia-Pacific Council of American Chambers of Commerce(APCAC).With his kind approval,China Textile publishes his study and views focused on the title as captioned above.The article expresses the author's own stance.

Marketization the Key to Solving China-U.S. Trade Imbalance

China-U.S.trade has expanded rapidly over the past three decades,during which China’s trade deficit has turned into atrade surplus.China’s exports to the United States account for 20 percent of China’s total export trade,but the United States’exports to China make up less than 10 percent of its export trade.The trade dependence ratio of the two countries has adifference of up to 27 percentage points.While China’s economy and foreign trade become increasingly market-oriented,the U.S.implements long-term export restriction policies against it.Raising the degree of marketization of trade betweenChina and the U.S.is the key to redressing the China-U.S.trade imbalance.

Current Statistics System Fails to Reflect New Changes in International Trade Activities

Today developed countries mainly participate in international trade via their foreign affiliates and intermediate goods are more frequently traded as a result of increasingly deepening international divisions of labour.Against this background,the current trade statistical system that is characterized by the statistical principle of cross-border trade and production,and the custom’s registration data collection method,greatly exaggerate the trade imbalance between China and America. Consequently,it is necessary for the Chinese nation to overcome the shortcomings of the current statistical system so as to evaluate more fairly the trade imbalance between China and America by referring to the Ownership-Based Framework of the complimentary statistical system under the US Current Account.This article, on the basis of the statistical principle of oumership,attempts to regulate the distorted trade imbalance resulting from the current trade statistical system,and aims for an increased understanding of the trade imbalance between China and America from a theoretical background,as well as from the points of view of practitioners and decision makers.

Cultivation of Students' Cross-cultural Communication Ability and Business Negotiation

Making excellent negotiations is an important ability to students majoring in International Trade. It is the intercultural business negotiation that plays a major role in international business activities. We inevitably have to encounter cross-cultural issues to improve our business negotiation advantages.

Escaping Dependency and Trade War:China and the US

Marxist political economy provides a perspective for grasping the root cause of the China-US trade war.The international relations of production,which stem from the international division of labor,shape the distribution of international economic interests and the political status of countries.Traditionally,developing countries have been subjected to the“periphery”in the international division of labor.In the new global value chain,developing countries have remained in a subordinate position characterized by“technological-market”dependence.To achieve the goal of building a strong modern nation,China must escape the“technological-market”dependence.Yet China’s efforts and achievements in escaping dependent development are deemed as a threat to US vested interests in the international markets.To preserve the economic foundation of its hegemony,the US has resorted to a trade war to contain China’s development.

基于纳什谈判和主从博弈的多园区综合能源系统优化调度

为充分考虑多园区综合能源系统(MCIES)中多利益主体间交易合作与多种能量间的耦合关系,提出了1种基于纳什谈判-主从博弈的点对点分布式交易策略。首先,建立考虑综合需求响应的MCIES主从博弈动态定价模型,以园区综合能源系统(CIES)运营商作为领导者,给下层用户制定动态电价与热价,用户响应电价与热价进行综合需求响应,CIES运营商根据用户的需求响应计划调整机组出力;其次,基于纳什谈判理论,建立包含主从博弈动态定价机制与CIES间合作博弈的MCIES双层优化模型;然后,将原问题等效为MCIES收益最大化子问题和合作收益分配最大化子问题,采用交替方向乘子法(ADMM)对模型进行求解。最后,仿真结果表明所提策略可实现CIES联盟利润的最大化,并合理分配收益,同时最小化用户用能成本。

碳税-碳交易下零售商主导型供应链公平关切决策

在碳税-碳交易政策的影响下,以一个主导零售商和从属中小制造商(SMM)组成的低碳供应链为研究对象,通过构建SMM有无公平关切行为的分散决策模型以及集中决策模型,并对各个模型的最优决策进行比较分析,探讨SMM的公平关切决策和供应链的协调问题。文章研究了SMM公平关切下公平关切系数、碳减排率和碳税率对供应链定价和利润的影响,并设计了“Nash谈判-两部定价”契约实现系统协调。研究发现,在碳税-碳交易政策的影响下,供应链成员利润随着碳税率的增加而减少,但是供应链成员利润随着碳减排率变动呈现两种不同方向变化。SMM公平关切行为可以提高批发价格和自身利润,降低零售商利润,但对零售价格和系统利润没有影响,随着SMM公平关切系数的增大,零售商与SMM之间的利润差距缩小。文章设计的“Nash谈判-两部定价”契约可以实现系统协调。

全球数字经贸规则:进展、动向及中国应对

随着国际局势的深刻变化和数字技术的飞速发展,全球数字经贸规则呈现出新动向,主要表现为:愈来愈强调数字系统的互操作性,在数据跨境流动领域出现逆自由化风潮,人工智能成为大国博弈的优先领域,数字标准成为全球数字经贸治理的关键等。近年来,中国持续完善数字经贸法律法规,积极融入全球数字经贸治理体系。但是,相关数字贸易主张基本体现在无纸化贸易、个人信息保护等一代数字经贸规则上,而在数据跨境流动、源代码保护等核心议题上承诺有限,这导致中国数字经贸规则与高标准协定存在差距,与相关规则的兼容性不足,在全球数字贸易中的话语权相对较低。对此,中国应顺应全球数字经贸发展的新趋势,加速推进多边双边数字经贸谈判、强化数字技术创新、加快优先议题的制定、提高相关规则的兼容互操作性,从而扩大制度型开放,提升数字经贸治理能力。

转化理论视角下国际商务谈判冲突的化解策略——以美日汽车贸易谈判为例

作为国际贸易中的重要一环,国际商务谈判不仅体现合作,也包括着对立与冲突,因此,研究国际商务谈判冲突化解策略具有现实意义。本文基于路易士·克里斯伯格(Louis Kriesberg)转化理论的视角,详细分析美日汽车及其零部件贸易谈判中的冲突转化过程,探究转化理论在国际商务谈判中的应用情形,提出国际商务谈判冲突化解中试探态度、公开行动、达成协议、实施监督这四个阶段中的谈判策略,以期为面对国际贸易争端的各方积极化解冲突提供了重要启示。

China-US trade dispute investigations and corporate earnings management strategy

This paper studies Chinese firms’earnings management strategy in response to the trade dispute investigations initiated by the U.S.from 2001 to 2018.This topic is important given the increasingly severe international trade environment and the significant influence of macro economy on financial reporting.We find that firms affected by the U.S.-initiated trade dispute investigations engage in more upward earnings management.Additionally,the result is more pronounced in firms with a more negative market reaction around the announcement of the investigations.Cross-sectional tests provide evidence that the positive relation is stronger among firms whose U.S.operating revenue and management ownership is high,firms in provinces with weak investor protection,and firms that performed well one year after initiation of the investigations.Moreover,investors react positively to the earnings management by the affected firms.Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks.Overall,our findings suggest that companies will manage their earnings upward to mitigate the negative impacts of the U.S.-initiated trade dispute investigations.