Battle of Human Rights and Anti-Human Rights in Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

The Chinese Anti-Japanese War was a battle between human rights protections and abuses, between civilization and brutality, and between justice and evil. During the war, the human rights of Chinese people were completely violated by the Japanese aggressors, causing an unprecedented human rights catastrophe. At the same time, Chinese people vigorously resisted the aggression in order to defend the national survival right and safeguard the human peace against war. The history of human rights’ victory over human rights abuses tells us: aggressive wars are the most serious violations of human rights. We must protect people’s right to peace for every country in the world. In order to avoid violations of human rights by war once again, we must safeguard the international postwar order and prevent the revival of fascism, whose essences are contempt for and trample on human rights. Therefore we have to respect and protect human rights and defend both the collective rights of every nation and the individual rights of every person in the world.

Regard History as a Mirror and Create a New World of Peace,Development and Cooperation—In Commemoration of the 60^(th) Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World's Anti-Fascist War

The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war

A Study on the Loss of Tourist Attractions in Central China Hubei Province During the Anti-Japanese War

This paper takes the Wudang Mountains and Wuhan Battle Memorial Hall as examples to investigate and analyze the losses of Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War.The paper concludes with two inspirations:to make full use of the intangible cultural heritage spots to carry out patriotism education for primary and middle school students;and to effectively transform the cultural resources of the tourist spots in Hubei Province into cultural industries,in order to achieve the sustainable development of intangible cultural resources of Hubei Province tourist attractions.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Under the Pagoda Mountain:Japanese POW Reformation During the Anti-Japanese War

As a typical Lenin-style political party,what should be concerned most is the CPC’s (Communist Party of China) capacity in fighting against and clearing enemies.This study provides a distinct perspective to observe and recognize CPC’s ability of turning hostility into friendship.Japanese prisoners of war (POW) had been poisoned by ultra-nationalism and militarism for years,and thus were extremely difficult to be reformed.However,under the correct ideological guidance of Mao and the unremitting efforts of the CPC’s political officers and cadres,a great number of them acknowledged the CPC’s political ideology and joined the CPC’s team.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine: Example of SARS and COVID-19: Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Hucng Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi s Intermnal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17^th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582-1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21^st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School ofHeat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003-2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine:Example of SARS and COVID‑19:Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi’s Internal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582–1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School of Heat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003–2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

从自在到自觉:中华民族观念的提出、发展和形成

“中华民族”是梁启超于1902年首先提出和使用的。到了民国初年和五四运动后,首先是“中华”作为国号或国名的确立,其次是第一次世界大战后民族解放运动的兴起及其影响,再次是马克思主义民族理论的广泛传播,这三个方面因素促进了中华民族观念在这一时期的发展。中华民族观念虽然在民国初年和五四运动后有了发展,但并没有像一些学者所认为的那样已经形成。原因一,当时人们使用的主要是“中国民族”而非“中华民族”,“中华民族”和“中国民族”虽然只有一字之别,但含义是不同的;原因二,很多人是在“汉族”的含义上使用“中华民族”这一观念的。中华民族观念的形成是在抗日战争时期,其原因有三个方面:“中华民族是生死与共、命运与共之共同体”的意识开始形成,各民族交往交流交融扩大,中华民族观念广泛传播。中华民族观念形成的标志是1939年毛泽东《中国革命和中国共产党》一文的发表。

课程思政视域下的中国当代文学教学思考——以“十七年”时期革命战争题材小说为例

在课程思政视域下,中国当代文学的课堂教学改革具有重要意义。该课程具有鲜活的时代性,教学内容具有迷人的魅力,其中蕴含的思政元素与“中国故事”高度契合,在课程思政方面颇具优势,但同时也面临着某些教学改革的困惑。本文从中国当代文学课程特点出发,结合“十七年”时期的战争题材小说,分别从修订教学目标,优化教学内容,完善考核方式,创新教学手段等方面具体探究中国现当代文学课程思政教学改革的实践路径,以期切实提高中国当代文学课程思政教学的实效。

以期刊作为方法:美国的中国学学术史变迁

中国学期刊是展示美国中国学领域科研成果的重要载体之一,为美国和全球的区域研究提供了重要的交流平台和思想资源。美国中国学期刊的发展反映了中美关系的冷暖亲疏,大致分为三个阶段:冷战前后的曲折起步;中美建交前后的繁荣发展;全球化时代的深化拓展。为了更好推进这一领域的研究,可以从系统论、谱系论、关系论、比较论四个方面寻找解决办法。以中国学期刊作为方法,考察其不同历史阶段所呈现的创刊理念、发展路径、学者活动以及学术影响,可以透视期刊视野中的中国学历史面貌与演进过程,了解美国文化软实力的建构方式,加强中美之间的文明互鉴与交流。

抗战时期西北国际通道初探

西北国际通道是抗战时期经中国西北地区运输外国援华物资、援华人员和中国易货物资的重要国际通道,西北国际通道的开辟与运行对于中国抗日战争胜利发挥了极为重要的历史作用。学界对西北国际通道研究十分关注,现有研究对其基本概念如名称、路线、里程认识并不一致。文章依据通道地理位置及运输状况将其定名为西北国际通道;通过梳理抗战时期报纸、期刊、书籍等资料,分析得出通道有三条线路,公路线起自今哈萨克斯坦萨雷奥泽克车站,终于兰州,航空线为阿拉木图至兰州,驿运线为印度列城至中国新疆叶城;以修建维护通道的新疆公路局、西北公路局等机构资料为依据,考订西北国际通道公路线里程为2934公里。

抗战时期中国共产党建设中华民族共同体探析

中华民族共同体作为一个广土巨族的命运共同体,其理论渊源有四方面:一是对马克思主义各民族平等理论的引进与运用;二是对马克思主义民族独立解放理论的吸收与继承;三是对中国古代“大一统”思想理论的守正与创新;四是对近代国人“中华民族观”理论的发展与践行。抗战时期建设中华民族共同体的实践进路有三:建立抗日民族统一战线;维护各民族政治权利;构建统一的多民族国家。抗战时期建设中华民族共同体的相关实践对当下留有诸多启示,如必须坚持中国共产党领导、坚持依靠我国各族人民、坚持民族区域自治制度等。对抗战时期中国共产党建设中华民族共同体的探析,有利于助推新时代党的民族工作,助力铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

“冷战”·“逆行”·“新时期”—— 世界华文文学视野下的中国当代文学

完整意义上的中国当代文学应当包括中国版图内全部地区的当代文学,但现在我们通常所说的“中国当代文学”是指中国境内(境指关境)的当代文学。从世界华文文学的视野来观照这一传统意义上的文学样态时,可以从三个方面提供对当代文学的新认识:置身“冷战”环境,但“中国当代文学”对“冷战”的参与,具有一种“非典型形态”;“中国当代文学”向现实主义挺进并不断深入,与整个世界文学潮流形成了一种“逆行”发展的势头;在经历了“拨乱反正”的过渡期后,一是向西方深度学习追求先锋,二是自觉回视传统有意寻根,“中国当代文学”放弃了“新”“新文学”的尝试,以一种既具有自觉的理论意识和本土立场,又兼具开放和包容的姿态,拥抱世界文学并致力于并入世界文学,从而造就了一个“新时期”。

全民抗战与中华民族共同体意识构建——以《申报》关于藏族同胞抗战报道为例

抗战时期是近代中华民族共同体意识建构的重要时期,也是晚清以降中国报刊转型的重要时期。中华民族十四年的抗战不仅改变了《申报》发展,也重构了边疆舆论场域,对中华民族观念的传播、普及发挥了重要作用。本文以《申报》关于藏族同胞抗战报道为研究文本,分析《申报》报道的形象建构,从中华民族共同体意识构建角度分析其意义,结合《申报》办报理念剖析报道背后的动因。

朝鲜战争时期美国对国民党“反攻大陆”议题的因应

国民党退台后,具体意义上的“反攻”军事行动精神化,成为更具政治内涵和心理激励作用的口号。美国在政府层面对国民党的“反攻”议题是审慎的,但在特殊时代背景下提高了对台湾地区防务的重视程度,且军政要员时而抛出主张助蒋“反攻”的言论。朝鲜战争爆发,中国人民志愿军抗美援朝的行动打击了美军的气焰。在麦卡锡主义横行的年代,选举政治催化下,部分美国政客主张协助国民党“打回大陆”,较大程度上这是右翼势力情绪宣泄的体现。理性分析之下,美国政府认为助蒋“反攻”几乎没有胜算,且可能引发大战。在英国等盟友推动下,美国准备谋求朝鲜半岛问题的政治解决。麦克阿瑟被免职成为美国狂热反共情绪回落的一个转折点。美方意识到,“反攻大陆”是蒋介石维持台湾地区军民士气的工具化口号,不能强行使其放弃梦想。但梦想与现实之间是有差距的,通过控制军援水平和方式以保持这个差距,是美国找到的有效方法。

全面抗战前期生活书店与新疆文艺关系考论(1937—1942)

全面抗战前期生活书店在新疆的活动以及与新疆文艺关系的研究,至今尚未全面和深入。有研究在涉及相关问题时多将其作为背景材料一语概之而缺乏必要考证,因此仅“是否设立分店”这一基本史实亦不明确。历史上,20世纪30年代后期对新疆文化做出极大贡献的杜重远、茅盾、张仲实等人,其身份之一均为生活书店编委。在社会网络关系影响下,生活书店与新疆发生了诸多联系,对新疆抗战文艺及新疆文化产生了巨大推动作用且意义深远。

时局、地理与全面抗战时期的云南蚕桑业

抗战时期是云南蚕桑业发展的重要阶段。为推动后方建设,支援抗战,促进地方经济发展,云南蚕桑业发展受到国民政府、云南地方和社会各界的重视,提出了云南蚕桑复兴计划,在宜蚕区积极推广蚕桑业。但是,受云南特殊的高原山地地理环境的制约,以及“战时”影响,在较短时间内,云南蚕桑业发展的成效较为有限。

习近平抗战史观对“纲要”抗战史教学的导向引领

“中国近现代史纲要”课要以习近平抗战史观为指导,以科学的立场和观点来认识抗日战争的历史,深入理解抗战历史的史鉴作用,珍惜来之不易的和平,在正视历史的基础上,展望未来,培养当代大学生爱国主义情怀,弘扬抗战精神。抗战史要以史实发言,帮助大学生全面系统的学习抗战历史,从而提升大学生的历史唯物主义水平和历史辨析能力。习近平抗战史观对当代大学生学习抗战史、提升历史素养,以及加强思想政治和爱国主义教育起到导向引领作用。