Research on“Chinese+Law”Teaching Resources in Thailand

This article details the distinctive progress in Thailand’s“Chinese+Law”sector.It then examines the development of related teaching resources,culminating in three key conclusions:(1)The integration of“Chinese”and“Law”in Thai vocational education is insufficient;(2)Teaching resources for“Chinese+Law”in Thailand are scarce and of subpar quality.Presently,there are only print textbooks available,with no accompanying digital or multimedia resources developed;(3)The optimal approach for“Chinese+Law”teaching materials in Thailand should involve collaborative efforts between Chinese and Thai experts.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris based on data mining

Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment.Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ancient books prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines related to angina pectoris were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System, Chinese Medicine Prescription Database, New National Proprietary Chinese Medicine(2 nd edition), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Core highfrequency aromatic Chinese medicines were defined, and their potential medication rules were analyzed and summarized. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management. Data analysis software, including Excel and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for drug association rule analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visual display.Results There were 67 ancient books prescriptions and 258 Chinese patent medicines containing aromatic Chinese medicines treating angina pectoris collected from relevant databases. In ancient books prescriptions, there were nine aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10, and the most commonly used medicine was Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), followed by Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). There were 33 aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10 in Chinese patent medicines, and the most commonly used medicine was Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), followed by Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma). In ancient books prescriptions, the medicines mainly belonged to intenal-warming medicines, Qi-regulating medicines, and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing medicines.There were eight medicine pairs with confidence equal to 100% in ancient books prescriptions, the most frequently used pairs were Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) +Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma) + Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). In Chinese patent medicines, the aromatic Chinese medicine Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) could be combined with many other Chinese medicines, among which the Confidence and Support of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were at a high level.Conclusion Aromatic Chinese medicines for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are mainly warm, and the flavors are mainly pungent, sweet, and bitter. They mainly access to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. The treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease mainly focuses on warming heart pulse, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Applicability of Zipfs Law in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions

Objective Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have been used to cure diseases in China for thousands of years,in which many TCM herbs have no definite common quantity.Some key TCM herbs are commonly used and thus deserve in-depth investigations based on a more acceptable classification method.This study analyzes whether TCM prescriptions follow Zipf's law and attempts to obtain the thresholds of key TCM herbs based on the application of Zipfs law;Methods A total of 84,418 TCM prescriptions were collected and standardized.We tested whether Zipf's law and Zipfs distribution fit the Chinese herb distributions.A linear fitting experiment was performed to verify the relationship between the frequency distribution and frequency of TCM herbs.Results The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions conformed to Zipf's law.Accordingly,the thresholds were obtained for the key TCM herbs.Conclusion The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions follows Zipfs law.

Cargo Delivery without Presentation of the Bill of Lading in Chinese Maritime Law and Practice

This chapter examines the Chinese practice of delivery of the cargo without presentation of the bill of lading and the law and regulations governing that practice, and in the gaps left by laws and regulations, the approach established by the legal authorities and maritime courts. The necessities and causes for this risky action and possible suggestions will be considered, as will the approach of statute and judiciary. Potential and desirable reform will be discussed in light of the Rotterdam Rules. It is concluded that in order to facilitate cargo delivery, there would be a need to provide detailed legal guidance applicable to the many situations where the requisite documentation has failed to materialise.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of Laws and Regulations

Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Analysis of medication law of treatment of cholelithiasis by internal traditional Chinese medicine based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance system

Objective:Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System version 2.5 to explore the rule of medication used in internal traditional Chinese medicine for cholelithiasis in the national patent network.Method:Collect the internal administrations of cholelithiasis in the national patent network,and enter them into the Chinese medicine inheritance system version 2.5,adopt frequency analysis,association rules,complex system entropy clustering and other data mining methods to analyze the prescription rule of traditional Chinese medicine cholelithiasis.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,215 prescriptions were selected,involving 398 drugs,30 drugs with a frequency of>20,and 39 commonly used drug pairs.The core drugs are:Jinqiancao(Herba Lysimachiae),Yujin(Radix Curcumae),Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri),Yinchen(Herba Artemisiae Scopariae),Jineijin(Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae),Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae),Baishao(Raidix Paeoniae Alba),Muxiang(Radix Aucklandiae),Zhishi(Fructus Aurantii Immaturus),Yanhusuo(Rhizoma Corydalis),Huzhang(Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati),Haijinsha(Herba Lygodii).And 9 new prescriptions have been got.Conclusion:In the national patent network,the traditional Chinese medicine is used in the treatment of cholelithiasis.The main treatment is clearing heat and dampness,regulating Qi and relieving pain,and promoting gallbladder removing stone,providing reference for clinical treatment of cholelithiasis.

The law of oral traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia based on Chinese medical code

Objective:This study aimed to collect,sort out and excavate the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese Medical Code,and to explore the law of internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:We used"Chinese Medical Code"as the source of data retrieval,"insomnia","not sleepy","no sleeping"and"eye not sleeping"as the key words,and excluded temporary insomnia,physiological insomnia,insomnia caused by other diseases,and excluded other methods such as acupuncture and massage,the medical cases.Prescriptions of insomnia treated with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out.The database was established by using Microsoft excel 2010.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency,menstruation of nature,taste and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the association rules between drugs and mined the rules of prescriptions by the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1.Results:A total of 147 prescriptions,138 traditional Chinese medicines,20 pairs of core drugs,57 common drug combinations and 3 core pharmaceuticals were included.The basic prescription is:Suan Zao Ren,Bai Zi Ren,Fu Shen,Fu Ling,Yuan Zhi,Dang Gui,Gan Cao(Zhi).Conclusion:In summary,according to the drug analysis above,the main disease of insomnia is in the heart,involving the liver,spleen and kidney.Because it involves different viscera and syndrome,the methods of treatment are also different.However,there is a basic pathogenesis,that’s the loss of mental nourishment.By excavating the law of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia on the Chinese Medical Code,we expect that it can guide the treatment of insomnia.

A study on the medication law of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast carbuncle based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary

Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.

Based on the Chinese medical canon to excavate the medicine law of yellowish leucorrhea disease

Background:In order to collect and analyze the literature on yellowish leucorrhea disease in Chinese Medical Canon,and to explore its treatment and medication law with data mining.Methods:The Chinese Medical Canon was used as the data retrieval source,and“Huangdai”(yellowish leucorrhea disease)and and other keywords were used as the keywords to do literature search.After excluding“gestational yellowish leucorrhea”,“jaundice and yellowish leucorrhea”and other diseases,the literature retrieval and data sorting and analysis were carried out,and the database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2010.Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the nature,flavour,channel tropism and efficacy of medicine.Combined with the method in“the Research Platform for Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Thoughts of Famous Gynecologists of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,the association rules between drugs were analyzed and their rules were excavated.Results:Eighty-seven prescriptions,152 traditional Chinese medicines,20 core drug pairs,39 common drug combinations and 5 core drug groups were collected and included.Conclusion:“Damp-Heat”is the fundamental pathological product of yellowish leucorrhea disease,and the basic treatments are“Releasing Heat”and“Eliminating Dampness”,“Regulating Liver Qi”and“Promoting Blood Circulation”,and“strengthening spleen”and stopping leucorrhea.

On Autonomy of Will and the Applicable Law of Labor Contract:From the Perspective of Chinese Legislation

There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.

The Development of International Human Rights Law and the Chinese Contribution to the Global Human Rights Cause

Prior to World War II,human rights were mainly considered to be matters that came under the domestic jurisdiction of each state.The United Nations Charter,adopted in 1945,includes human rights provisions.The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 that marked the initial formation of international human rights law.Today,the world has formed a relatively comprehensive system of international human rights law and mechanisms.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and in particular after she introduced reform and opening-up policy in 1978,the Chinese government has actively participated in international human rights causes.To date,the Chinese government has ratified 26 human rights conventions and fulfilled the obligations required by these.China has put forward and continually enriched human rights theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,emphasizing the importance of state sovereignty in safeguarding human rights and the resolution of human rights controversies through dialogue,thereby contributing to the global human rights cause.

Advancing Rule of Law in Human Rights Protection While Developing a “Socialist Rule of Law System with Chinese Characteristics”

It is very timely and necessary for us to hold this seminar in the beautiful Suzhou Campus of Renmin University of China to deeply study and implement the decisions of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,push forward the construction of China’s rule of law and jointly discuss the development of China’s human rights cause.

On the “Law and Literature” Campaign in the Chinese Context and Its Significance for the Construction of China's Legal System

"Law and literature " comes from an American radical law school of the1970 s,and it was then considered a campaign,thus the school became one of the most post-modernistic schools of thought. Due to its western theoretic background,it is necessary to interpret its context; in other words,the "Law and literature"problems shall be interpreted in the Chinese context,which can also provide much inspiration and reference for the construction of China's legal system.

Analysis on the Law of Chinese Medicine Use of Ulcerative Colitis and TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Teaching of Human Rights Law in Chinese Universities

Teaching and research on human rights law are not purely academic, in that after graduation law students are expected to be .judges, prosetutors, lawyers and government officials who, in one way or another, will be obliged to respect human rights.

Reform,Chinese Dream and Rule of Law

Xl Jinping： The Governance of China, a collection of Chinese President Xi Jinping＇s speeches and insights, pro- vides readers with valuable information about the Chinese leader and the future of China. The nearly 500-page volume contains about 80 speeches, interviews, instructions and correspondence.