Therapeutic Actions of the Chinese Herbal Formulae with Cold and Heat Properties and Their Effects on Ultrastructures of Synoviocytes in Rats of the Collagen-Induced Arthritis

The therapeutic actions of Qing Luo Yin (QLY清络饮) with heat property and Wen Luo Yin (WLY温络饮) with cold property on pain, swelling of the ankle, arthritis index and ultrastructures of synoviocytes were compared in rats of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), with tripterygium glycosidorum (TG) used as control. The results indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce pain, swelling of the ankle and the arthritis index of CIA, and QLY had better effects in reducing the swelling of the ankle and controlling the secondary pathological lesions as compared with WLY. Investigation on the ultrastructures of synoviocytes indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce the number of Golgi apparatus, rough surface endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies, matrix filaments and vacuoles so as to suppress the excessive secretion of synoviocytes in rats of CIA.

An improved association-mining research for exploring Chinese herbal property theory: based on data of the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

Knowledge Discovery in Databases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） researchers. It is a useful tool in understanding and deciphering TCM theories. Aiming for a better understanding of Chinese herbal property theory （CHPT）, this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong＇s Classic of Materia Medica. The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data. Subsequently, an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters. From the confirmed 120 resulting rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property （qi, flavor and their combinations） and herbal efficacy, two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further elucidated： （1） the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property; （2） the nonrandom overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor. This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT, which would be helpful for its modern research.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth,Immunity and Antioxidation of Chickens

Chinese herbal medicine additives can not only directly improve the growth performance of chickens,but also indirectly affect the growth of chickens by enhancing the antioxidant capacity,immunity and disease resistance of the body,and eliminating diseases and adverse factors,thereby improving the growth performance of chickens.In the context of the current national prohibition of adding antibiotics to feed,the research and application of Chinese herbal medicine additives are of practical significance to eliminate the long-term use of antibiotics as chicken feed additives and reduce the threat to the environment and human health.For this reason,the research related to the substitution of Chinese herbal medicine for antibiotics is made a brief introduction to provide a reference in research and production practice.

Predicting the nephrotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicines based on a Bayesian network model

Objective:Based on a Bayesian network model(BNM),we constructed and evaluated a predictive model of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)nephrotoxicity,explored its influencing factors,and provided a reference for the prevention and control of nephrotoxicity.Methods:We searched for CHMs with nephrotoxicity through academic journals and academic works,screened non-nephrotoxic CHMs,and then tested the correlation between nephrotoxic and non-nephrotoxic CHMs and their four properties,five flavours,and channel tropism.The screened variables were used to construct the Bayesian network model(BNM),predict important factors affecting the nephrotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs),draw the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the model,and calculate the area under the curve(AUC)to evaluate the forecasting effect of the model.Results:Medicinal property theory(four properties and five flavours)are important factors affecting the nephrotoxicity of CHMs.Nephrotoxic and non-nephrotoxic CHMs are related to their four propertiesand five flavours(P<0.05).BNM showed that sweetness and flatness wereimportant protective factors for nephrotoxicity of CHMs;the prediction accuracy was 77.92%,the AUC result of the model ROC curve was 0.661(95%CI:0.620-0.701),and the best sensitivity(0.736)and specificity(0.571)were obtained at 0.65.Discussion:Modern mathematical statistics and modeling methods have certain reference significance and application value for the prediction of CHMs nephrotoxicity and toxicology research.

Influences of traditional Chinese medicine intervention on the bone growth and metabolism of rats with simulated weightlessness

Objective:To prohe into the influences of Chinese herbal compound on the growth and metabolism of weight-bearing bones of tail-suspended rats.Methods:Twenty-four male St) rats were randomly divided into blank conlrol group leighti.tail-suspended conlrol group(eight) and Chinese medicine treatment group leighti according to their weights.No treatment was done for the blank conlrol group.Double distilled water lavage was performed daily for the tail-suspended control group.On the basis of the tail-suspended rat model,the rats were given Chinese herbal compound lavage every day in Chinese medicine treatment group.This compound includes mulberry,Poria cocas and barbary wolfberry.etc.The lest cycle was four weeks.The rats were killed after the experiment.The right femoral bone was taken out for the physical measurements, and the left femoral bone was for the three-point beading test.The influences of Chinese herbal compound on femoral hone growth and biomechanicsl properties of simulated weightlessness rats were observed.Results:(1) After simulated weightlessness(tail-suspension),compared with the blank control group,all the physiological indexes of rat femoral bone decreased in tailsuspended group and Chinese medicine treatment group(P【0.05).The strength and rigidity of rat femoral bone decreased in tail-suspended group(P【0.01).the maximum load and rigidity coefficient also decreased with the inereasing toughness coefficient in the control group(P【0.01). i2i After the countermeasure of Chinese herbal compound,each biomcchanical indexes showed the tendency of increasing in Chinese medicine treatment group,and theses indexes were close to those of the blank control group(P【0.05),which indicated that(he bone loss caused by simulated weightlessness was improved.Conclusions:Chinese herbal compound for tonifying kidney could effectively prevent the bone loss and have some enhancements on the bone hiomechanical properties.

In silico method for studying property combination of traditional Chinese herbs

Objective:This paper discusses the composition of prescription qualitative,quantitative design principles and methods based on herbal property combination,describing the method application in new prescription design.Method:Qualitative property-combination pattern(PP)calculation was based on bipartite graphing and performing a greedy algorithm which was designed to optimize obtaining a new herbal prescription.Quantitative PP calculation was based on the qualitative computation.To calculate the Euclidean distance for the PP of the new prescription,an optimized algorithm for solving the unknown minimum Euclidean distance was used with,the new weighted proportions.Finally,non-linear optimization software was used to find the minimum Euclidean distance.Results:Using the PP of classic prescription Large Yin-Nourishing Pill,applying quantitative PP calculation a new prescription was created.Mathematical algorithms based on property combinations of traditional Chinese herbs can be applied to identify compatibility and synergies of herbs within prescriptions,especially classic formulas.Conclusion:In silico methods can then be used to create new prescriptions or modify existing ones depending on need.This type of automated approach may increase efficiency in designing new drugs based on Chinese herbs.

中草药添加剂在肉牛生产中的应用研究进展

中草药富含丰富的营养成分,在日粮中添加中草药制剂可以提高动物机体的生长性能。随着畜禽养殖规模化的不断发展,在实际生产中抗生素长期不规范的使用,会大幅降低动物的抗病能力,畜产品的药物残留量也会随之升高,不仅危害人类健康,还会破坏生态环境。在畜禽养殖业中,开发合理替代抗生素的饲料添加剂成为诸多学者的研究热点。与抗生素相比,中草药具有无耐药性、无残留、成本低等特点,可替代抗生素的使用。该文对中草药的功能及在肉牛生长、瘤胃发酵以及免疫功能上的应用进行综述,以期为中草药添加剂在肉牛生产中的研究与应用提供参考。

桂西北喀斯特地区不同林龄核桃间作中草药对土壤生物化学性状的影响

【目的】探究间作中草药对核桃林土壤生物化学性状的影响,为喀斯特地区生态恢复和核桃林林下经济可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】以广西喀斯特地区初果期核桃+十大功劳(CT)、盛果期核桃+十大功劳(ST)、初果期核桃单作(CD)、盛果期核桃单作(SD)等4种模式为研究对象,基于样地调查及采样,分析不同林龄核桃林药间作模式下土壤理化性质、土壤微生物数量和微生物生物量及土壤酶活性的变化特征及其相关性。【结果】CT模式土壤的全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和有机碳含量比CD模式分别显著降低43.36%、40.00%、32.30%、67.49%和43.72%(P<0.05,下同),ST模式比SD模式分别显著降低28.31%、46.26%、17.94%、53.56%和28.02%,初果期间作的各类土壤养分含量降幅大于盛果期;不论是间作还是单作,盛果期核桃土壤养分含量均显著高于初果期;SD模式的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量(分别为12.36×10^(6)、5.23×10^(4)和10.87×10^(6) CFU/g)和微生物量碳含量(225.87 mg/kg)均显著高于CD和CT模式;盛果期和初果期核桃间作十大功劳比同期单作模式显著提高土壤脲酶活性17.32%和40.13%,对土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),但ST模式的土壤蔗糖酶活性高于CT模式。相关分析结果表明,土壤细菌数量与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效氮含量呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性均与全氮、速效氮和有机碳含量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,土壤养分含量是核桃林土壤性状的主要影响因子,微生物在促进土壤肥力提高方面发挥着重要作用。【结论】在喀斯特地区,核桃林间作十大功劳模式对土壤生物化学性状有较大影响,尤其初果期间作使核桃林土壤养分显著下降。因此,核桃林下间作十大功劳(尤其是初果期)时,需要注重氮肥和磷肥的添加,从而保障核桃的营养供给,促进核桃林可持续发展。

影响中药饮片自动化调剂的关键物理性质存在问题分析及解决措施

中药饮片物理性质对中药调剂发展具有重要影响。随着现代技术的飞速发展,中药饮片物理性质的应用亟需适应时代发展需求。该文通过论述中药饮片物理性质的定义与内容,分析梳理影响中药饮片自动化调剂的物理性质因素,创新性提出利用现代化技术手段改变、应用影响自动化调剂的中药饮片关键物理性质,为提高中药饮片调剂效率提供参考,以期促进中药饮片调剂现代化发展。

基于深度学习的中药寒热属性预测研究

目的:探究中药成分寒热药性预测模型的构建及应用。方法:基于中药信息数据库获取646味中药,涵盖10053个化合物成分。构建中药化合物分子指纹与分子图表征编码,分别构建图卷积神经网络(GCN)、K-近邻(KNN)、决策树(DT)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)算法,训练模型并调整模型超参数。将数据集划分为训练集与测试集,使用准确率、精确率、召回率与F值评价模型预测性能。将预测的高概率化合物分析中药寒热属性的生物学机制潜在差异。通过细胞增殖-毒性测试实验检测梯度加权得分的寒性中药成分对大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬瘤(PC-12)细胞氧糖剥夺再灌注(OGD/R)模型的保护作用。结果:GCN模型在中药寒热属性预测任务中综合表现良好。通过GCN模型从代表性寒热药物中筛选出的高概率寒热分类化合物共形成413靶点,与17通路具有潜在关联。细胞实验结果,随寒性加权分数降低逐渐显现为对OGD/R的细胞保护作用。结论:在寒热属性预测任务中,基于分子图表征的GCN模型相对于分子指纹表征的传统机器学习模型具有更优的性能,可为进一步探究中药“性-构”关系提供算法支持。

内蒙古自治区中(蒙)药材种植统计数据挖掘分析

目的:中(蒙)药材作为中国独特的健康资源,在经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用,充分挖掘中(蒙)药材种植统计数据,为内蒙古自治区中(蒙)药材种植及发展提供理论依据。方法:运用空间自相关分析方法和地理探测器,对内蒙古自治区各旗县中(蒙)药材种植面积及种类的空间分布特征进行分析。结果:内蒙古自治区各旗县中(蒙)药材种植面积和种植种类在空间上差异很大,并且中(蒙)药材种植与其生境特征有着密切关系。结论:目前内蒙古自治区中(蒙)药材产业发展受环境、市场、技术和经营体制的多重制约,应发挥地方资源优势,根据地域区间差异性和区内相似性,找出中(蒙)药材适宜的种植地区。

中草药干燥技术现状及探究

我国是中草药的起源地,对于中草药的储存问题,仍然处于探索中。中草药干燥是中草药储存的重要工序,干燥工艺影响中草药主要药性。目前,我国中草药干燥技术的发展还存在很多问题。探究了我国中草药干燥技术及设备发展现状,提出未来中草药干燥技术发展趋势,以期为我国中草药干燥技术的发展提供参考。

湖北中药产业发展的法治化问题研究

新时代中药产业正逐渐发展为我国的战略性产业,在国内和湖北省相关政策的推动下,湖北中药产业迎来了快速发展的大好时机。湖北尽管拥有丰富的中药材资源和初具规模的产业基础,但中药产业仍存在种植、加工、炮制过程不规范,产业规模小,品牌建设不足,发展水平较低等问题。分析湖北省中药产业发展的优势和存在的不足,探讨如何将湖北省独特的道地药材资源和技术优势,转化为竞争优势和产业优势,进行产业升级与技术创新,加强道地药材知识产权保护,提高湖北省中药产业国际竞争力,为实现湖北省中药产业规范化、标准化、品牌化和国际化提供法治方案。

基于代谢组学技术研究中药生炙药性变化

中药药性理论是中医药研究必须要掌握的基本理论,经研究发现由于中药的组分和作用机制复杂多样,中药药性也因此受很多因素的影响,本文通过探究炮制前后中药药性的变化,并查阅搜集代谢组学技术在中药药性理论应用的相关文献,将代谢组学技术与中医药整体观的研究思想相融合,初步分析并提出运用代谢组学技术研究中药生炙药性变化的本质。

“以陈为贵”中药的陈化作用及价值取向研究

陈化的中药多以燥湿化痰、宣气行气、降气收敛药为主。经过陈化,中药药气可发生和谐的转化,既能释放化湿、理气、沉降、收敛的药性潜能,又可缓和燥烈、火热的劣性。陈化的中药具有更卓越的生生之气,不仅可避开攻击身体的锐气,尽量减少新药攻伐正气的不良作用,还提升有益生命的性、气、味,使陈药攻邪而不伤正气,并培补正气,从而更有效地契合疗疾、养生的生命诉求。中药虽贵陈药,但也不能忽视新药,只有辨证用药,恰取中道,才能扬长避短,治病疗疾。

外来中药的纳入标准和《外来药简表》的再考

中医临床引入和使用外来药物,不仅扩大了中药资源,促进了中西方文化交流,也促进了中医药理论体系和临床工作的不断发展和完善。本文对外来中药的研究现状进行分析,提出“域外”的“域”应是当时的中医药文化圈,明确外来中药的定义,以及外来中药的纳入标准和排除标准。采用该标准对《我国各主要本草所载外来药简表》中所载的258种药物进行逐一考证和梳理。结果表明,去掉重复后该表中实际列出的外来药是223种,其中外来中药仅75种,基源明确者66种;外来药11种,外来中药资源5种,外来中成药3种,实质属本土中药者有117种,需要进一步考证药物有12种。考证中还发现,都咸子的基源植物存在错误,有待考证;“天竺黄”应作为“天竹黄”的异名。在中医药大健康产业的发展,中医药走向世界和“一带一路”倡议目标不断推进,本文提出应坚持以中医药理论为指导,充分运用现代科学的技术手段和中医药研究的新成果,全面开展全球天然药物的中药化研究,以增加中医临床可供选择中药的种类和扩充中药资源,建立完善的中药控制标准,促进中药在临床的广泛应用,提供中医药走向世界的药物储备,让中医药为人类的健康事业做出更大的贡献。

中草药添加剂在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

近年来，鱼类养殖集约化、规模化不断发展，全球鱼类产量显著提高，但养殖水环境不断恶化，鱼类病害频繁爆发，对鱼类养殖造成了巨大的损失［1］。广泛使用抗生素和化学药物防治水产动物寄生虫、细菌性、真菌性等疾病，如阿姆西林、诺氟沙星、红霉素、呋喃唑酮、盐酸土霉素等虽有显著效果［2］，但长期使用或过量使用会抑制鱼类免疫、药物残留和病原菌产生耐药性等［3］，对环境和人类健康造成不良影响［4］。国际相关组织已经限定了某些抗生素和化学药物在水产上的应用，在饲料中禁止添加抗生素已成为必然趋势。开发绿色、安全、高效的饲料添加剂成为目前的研究热点。中草药因取材天然、成分结构完整、健康、高效而备受关注。

化妆品中草药添加剂的光谱特性研究

中草药作为化妆品天然添加剂 ,既能保持化妆品的特色 ,又有养护、保健和治疗的效果。某些中草药具有吸收紫外线的功能 ,而且有修复晒伤的作用。文章主要用紫外 可见分光光度计测定化妆品几种中草药添加剂的光谱特性 ,分析其对紫外光的吸收作用。说明野生绞股蓝对紫外光有较好的吸收作用 ,完全可以作为较好的防晒和保健化妆品的天然添加剂 ;党参、野菊花、黄芩和甘草对紫外光也有一定的吸收作用 ,可以作为一般化妆品的天然添加剂。川芎对紫外光吸收较差 ,不能作为防晒添加剂。

肉桂油与肉桂水提物对虚寒证模型大鼠的药理作用及其数理分析

目的:采用生物学与数理分析相结合的方法,比较分析肉桂油及肉桂水提物对虚寒状态大鼠的影响,探讨肉桂不同提取物药性表达的异同。方法:雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠48只,分为正常组、模型组、肉桂油组和肉桂水提物组。以氢化可的松琥珀酸钠肌肉注射建立大鼠虚寒模型,并分别给予肉桂油和肉桂水提物,检测其物质代谢指标如葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TAG)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB),能量代谢指标如血清乳酸(lactic acid,LAC)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)以及肝匀浆琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸酶(adenosine triphosphatase,ATPase),内分泌系统指标如血清皮质类固醇(corticosteroid,CS)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(triiodothyronine,T3)、甲状腺素(tetraiodothyronine,T4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid sti mulatinghormone,TSH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、维生素C(vitamin C,VC)和血浆17-羟皮质类固醇(17-hydroxycorticosteriod,17-OHCS),免疫系统相关指标如免疫球蛋白M(i mmunoglobulinM,IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(i mmunoglobulin G,IgG)、补体C3(complement3,C3)和补体C4(complement4,C4),并引入数理分析方法对结果进行比较分析。结果:肉桂油和肉桂水提物对于虚寒状态大鼠物质代谢、能量代谢、内分泌、免疫系统的部分指标具有相同的影响趋势,表现为纠正作用的GLU、TC、TAG、TP、ALB、IgM、E2、CS、VC、17-OHCS和加重作用的UA、C3;对于IgG、C4、T3、T4和ATPase,二者表现为相反的影响趋势;在TSH、LAC、SDH等指标上肉桂水提物的作用不明显,而肉桂油的影响较大;对于ATPase、LDH、IgG等指标肉桂水提物的作用则更大。结论:肉桂油与肉桂水提物对虚寒状态大鼠生化指标的作用呈现出复杂相关性。二者药性表达相似,但在一定程度上仍有所差异,其具体机制仍需进一步探讨。

翻堆频率对中药渣堆肥过程及其理化性质的影响

为了研究翻堆频率对中药渣堆肥过程及其理化性质的影响,采用中试规模的条垛式堆肥系统,研究了中药渣堆肥过程中温度、全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、C/N、pH、GI及表观特征变化和堆肥产品的质量特征。试验设6个处理,分别为:不翻堆(A1)、每5天翻一次(A2)、每10天翻一次(A3)、每15天翻一次(A4)、每20天翻一次(A5)、每25天翻一次(A6)。结果表明:高温(≥50℃)持续时间以A3最长,达44天;与A1相比,A4、A5和A6的全碳含量分别减少了0.35%、1.73%和1.61%;A2、A3、A4和A6的全氮含量分别减少了5.32%、8.40%、5.25%和1.44%;A2、A3、A4、A5和A6的全磷含量且分别增加了4.82%、9.64%、6.83%、8.03%和2.01%;A2、A3、A4、A5和A6的全钾含量分别增加了6.18%、5.38%、2.96%、8.33%和4.03%;GI分别提高了35.15%、33.23%、31.30%、28.89%和17.01%,而C/N和pH差异不大。成熟中药渣中的C含量为36.0%,N含量比猪粪、鸡粪、羊粪、鸭粪及鹅粪分别高25.97%、17.12%、28.81%、41.20%和41.91%。综合分析各影响因素后认为,在中试规模的条垛式堆肥系统中进行中药渣堆肥时,以每10天翻堆一次较为适宜。