Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Elderly Chinese Population in Shenyang of China

Objective The paper aims to evaluate the risk factors for age‐related macular degeneration （AMD） in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang,a northeast city of China.Methods A case‐control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of AMD.Ninety three AMD patients diagnosed by a complete ophthalmic examination were recruited as cases from the outpatient departments of two eye hospitals in Shenyang,while 108 normal subjects of similar age and sex were recruited as controls.A questionnaire was administered among both cases and controls.Results AMD patients aged 60 years and older accounted for 75.3%.There were significantly higher educational levels,shorter smoking history,less sunlight exposure and cataract,and higher proportion of antioxidants intake in controls than in AMD patients.The frequency of intake of fruits,legumes,fish and shrimps was significantly higher in controls than in AMD patients.In a binary logistic regression analysis,smoking and cataract were the risk factors for AMD （OR：4.44,95% CI：2.27‐8.69;OR：4.47,95% CI：2.26‐8.85 respectively）.The high educational background was a protective factor for AMD （OR：0.761,95% CI：0.51‐0.98）.Conclusion A low educational background,smoking and cataract are associated with a higher prevalence of AMD.

Age-related changes of corneal endothelial cell in healthy Chinese tree shrew measured by non-contact specular microscope

AIM：To determine the impact of age on the morphology of endothelial cells and central corneal thickness（CCT） in Chinese tree shrew.METHODS：One-hundred and twenty eyes of 60 healthy Chinese tree shrews were studied.Based on age,the tree shrews were divided into four groups.After general anesthesia,the images of endothelium were acquired using non-contact specular microscope Topcon 3000 P.Eight parameters of corneal endothelial cells were measured by built-in software,including CCT,endothelial cell density（ECD）,percent hexagonality（HG%）,coeffi cient of variability（CV）,size of minimal cell（Smin）,size of maximal cell（Smax）,average cells size（Savg） and size standard deviation（Ssd）.Data were analyzed using STATA software.The differences of eight parameters among groups and correlations with age were analyzed.RESULTS：In all studied animals,the average CCT was 2 4 9.6 ± 2 .29 μ m（202-301 μm）,ECD was 308 0.72 ± 460.76 cells/mm^2（1239.6-4047.6 cells/mm^2） and CV was 29.10±7.60（13.6-54.6）.CV was significantly different among different groups（P〈0.001）.Strong correlation with age was found in ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV.CONCLUSION：Cornea of Chinese tree shrews had half CCT of human cornea and similar ECD,CV and size of corneal endothelial cells.Young adult tree shrews had higher ECD,HG% and low CV.ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV correlated with age signifi cantly.

Chinese Herbal Enema for Treatment of Tumors at the Middle and Late Stage

Since 1994, the Oncologic Department of the Henan Provincial TCM Hospital has used Chinese herbal enema for treatment of tumors at the middle and late stage with satisfactory therapeutic effects. The following are some examples.

The Reproduction of Chinese Painting in the Digital Age

This paper investigates the reproduction of Chinese painting in the digital age. In particular, how does a website asan interface influence viewers’ response to a Chinese handscroll? The paper begins with a critical description of aweb interface of Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, followed by an analysis of the originalpainting. Fishermen on an Autumn River, that the interface digitizes and displays. The last section points out theinfluence of digitization on the relationship between viewers and digital heritage.

Role of genetic screening in a chinese woman of childbearing age with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic screening in a Chinese woman of childbearing age with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Methods and Results One 39 year-old woman with presyncope for 10 years was admitted.Both of her father and her son died of sudden death and she strongly desire to get another baby. A series of clinical and laboratory studies were performed. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed finally and implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator was implanted to prevent sudden cardiac death for her.Genomic DNA was isolated and the most common causal genes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were screened.A known pathogenetic heterozygous mutation c.700 g】a(p.Argl86Gln) in TNNI3 was found,which was not found in 100 normal control individuals matched for age,sex and geographical region.Because 50%probability of the pathogenetic mutation is inherited to the offsprings,she will get a healthy baby in vitro fertilization which the egg comes from a healthy female donor to prevent from the inherited HCM.Conclusions We found a pathogenetic TNNI3 mutation in a Chinese woman of childbearing age with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The genetic screening definite DNA-based diagnosis and help to design a healthy fertilization in vitro for female with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Beautification of Chinese Architectural Images in the New Media Age

From the perspective of communication science,the communication of architectural images in the new media age has an obvious beautifying trend.Due to the differences in politics,economics,and cultural environment between China and western countries,the beautification of architectural images in China is a unique phenomenon.This study classifies the beautification of Chinese architectural images into different types in terms of image communication:audience orientation,time orientation,space orientation,and cultural orientation.By investigating and analyzing relevant cases,this study explores the beautification of Chinese architectural images in the new media age and puts forward thoughts and evaluation,aiming to better comprehend the relationship between beautification and architectural communication.

Empirical Changes in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Students from 1985 to 2010 and Corresponding Preventive Strategies

Objective To determine the extent of the obesity epidemic in school‐aged Chinese children in 2010 and track the increasing trend in different socioeconomic regions over the preceding 25 years. Strategies for preventing childhood obesity are suggested. Methods We used a dataset provided by the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health from 1985‐2010. Subjects were 7‐18‐year‐old students randomly selected from urban and rural areas in 30 provinces. Eight subgroups were created according to region and socioeconomic status. Results Increased rates of the epidemic （overweight and obesity combined） were greatest in large coastal cities‐32.6% and 19.1% among males and females, respectively. These rates has neared that of developed countries. Similar increases were found in all other regions, including the once poverty‐stricken rural west. The epidemic in most of the rural areas began after 2000, but has spread swiftly over the last decade. In 2010, it was estimated that 9.9% of Chinese school‐aged children and adolescents were overweight and that an additional 5.1% were obese, representing an estimated 30.43 million individuals. Conclusion The prognosis for China＇s childhood‐obesity epidemic is dire. To prevent childhood obesity, we suggest several strategies, including reasonable dietary intake, increase physical activity, a change in sedentary lifestyles and corresponding behavioral modifications.

Clinical Observation on the Long-Term Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

48 patients with liver fibrosis due to hepatitis B were treated for 2 years with the drugs for tonifying the kidney, supplementing qi, cooling and invigorating the blood and detoxification. The symptoms were markedly improved, and serum ALT and bilirubin were recovered and kept normal in most of the cases. The mean levels of serum hyaluronic acid, procollagen peptide III and circulating immune complex were decreased and returned to normal after the treatment. B-ultrasonography showed that the portal vein kept in normal size in 82% of the patients, the enlarged portal vein diminished in diameter, and the enlarged spleen reduced.

CLINICAL STUDY ON 118 CASES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS TREATED BY INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE AND WESTERN MEDICINE

118 cases of ulcerative colitis were treated by integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Another 86 cases of ulcerative colitis were treated by simple western drugs as controls. The therapeutic effects for both groups were observed and compared after two therapeutic courses of 40 consecutive days. As a result, 39 cases were cured, 60 cases improved and 19 cases failed, with a total effective rate of 84% in the treatment group; in the control group, 15 cases were cured, 37 cases improved and 34 cases failed, with a total effective rate of 60.5%. Statistically, the difference was very significant (P

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF THE COMBINED CHINESE AND WESTERN MEDICINE ON METASTATIC CARCINOMA IN THE SUPRACLAVICULAR LYMPH NODES——An Analysis of 285 Cases

Between 1985 and 1989, 285 cases of metastatic carcinoma in the supraclavicular lymph nodes were treated by the following five methods: Chinese medication, radiotherapy plus Chinese medication, chemotherapy plus Chinese medication, combined Chinese and Western medicine and expectant treatment. Analysis shows that radiotherapy plus Chinese medication has the best curative effect with an effective rate of 75.5%. The effective rates were 74.2% for the combined treatment, 55.5% for the chemotherapy plus medication, 12.5% for the Chinese medication, and none for expectant treatment.

Twenty-eight Cases of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Gangrene Treated with the Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Injection of Ahylsantinfarctase

Since 1995, the Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation combined with injection of ahylsantinfarctase into the femoral artery has been used in 28 cases of diabetes complicated with gangrene and ulcer of the foot, with quite good therapeutic effects as reported in the following.……

TREATMENT OF SENILE DIABETIC DIARRHEA WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE DRUGS

Diabetic diarrhea, a noninfectiousdiarrhea, is one of the complications ofdiabetics. It only consists of a smallerconstituent ratio among all other

Forty-seven Cases of Gonitis Treated by A Combined Therapy of Chinese Drugs and Acupuncture

Osteoarthritis, a nonspecific inflammatory lesion, is a commonly seen joint disease. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by arthralgia, swelling, and motor impairment. Since the knee joint is the load-bearing joint of the human body, and is susceptible to trauma, gonitis tends to have the highest morbidity in the four limbs, which manifests itself arthritis of patella and femur at the early stage; narrowness or disappearance of the medial joint space at the mid stage; and damage of the cartilage accompanied with flexion deformity at the late stage. In recent years, based on the experience of Prof. Cao Yiming, the author has treated 47 cases of gonitis by combined use of Chinese drugs and acupuncture, and obtained satisfactory therapeutic results as reported in the following.

Fifty-six Cases of Protrusion of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Treated by Penetration and Oral Administration of Chinese Decoction Plus Traction

Fifty-six cases of the protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc in the treatment group were treated by drug-penetration and oral administration of traditional Chinese decoction plus traction, and the other 35 cases in the control group by oral administration of Chinese decoction and traction. The results showed that the cure rate in the treatment group was 83.9%, and that in the control group was 57.1%, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01), indicating that the former is a more effective therapy for protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc.

The Effects of Chinese Medicines on Micro-circulation of Nail Folds and Blood Flow Velocity of Limbs in the Patients with Arteriosclerotic Obliteration

The effects of Chinese medicines on micro-circulation and blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs were observed in 33 patients with arteriosclerotic obliteration(ASO).The results showed that the integral values of micro-circulation after treatment were obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Blood flow velocity in arteries of the lower limbs determined with the color Doppler ultrasound detecting method after treatment were also obviously higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In tbis series of 33 ASO patients,the markedly effective rate was 36.36%,and the total effective rate was 63.64%.The observation indicates that the recipe prescribed according to the principle of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation can effectively improve micro-circulation in ASO patients,and accelerate blood flow in arteries of the lower limbs.

AN ANALYSIS FOR DEATH CAUSES IN 45 CASES OF LIVER CANCER TREATED WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE DRUGS

Among the 165 cases of late-stage liver cancer treated in our hospital,65(39.4%)died,with an average survival time of 8.1 months and a median survival time of 7 months.Among the 65 dead patients,45 were treated with traditional Chinese drugs and 20 withwestern medicine.The average survival time was 8.4 months in the former and 7.3months in the latter group.The direct causes of death for the 65 patients were hepaticcoma,severe hemorrhage of the upper digestive tract,Heyd’s syndrome,hepatorrhexis,respiratory failure,cardiac failure,etc.The incidence rates of hemorrhage of the upperdigestive tract and hepatorrhexis in the 45 patients treated with traditional Chinese drugswere obviously lower than those treated with western medicine.

Observation on 105 Cases of Duodenal Bulbar Ulcer Treated by Combined Therapy of Catgut Embe0ding and Chinese Drugs

Duodenal bulbar ulcer is a frequently encountered disease. Clinically, it manifests itself by regular epigastric pain accompanied by belching and acid regurgitation, corresponding to epigastralgia and stomach distending pain in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the TCM type-differentiation, the author has treated 105 cases of duodenal bulbar ulcer by the combined therapy of catgut embedding at point Zusanli (ST 36) and Chinese drugs with satisfactory results. A summary is as follows. Clinical Data1. Case selection: The cases selected all had the clinical symptoms and signs of duodenal bulbar ulcer, and had been diagnosed by GI examination at this or other hospitals with no obvious therapeutic effects obtained after relevant treatment, and still symptoms and signs and repeated attacks of pain.

50 Cases of Pointed Condyloma Treated by Surgery Combined with External Washing with Chinese Herbal Medicine

Pointed condyloma in the anus is caused by a virus of human papilloma, marked by the presence of rapidly growing cutaneous verrucae with itching, mild pain and offensive secretion. Diagnosis can be made based on biopsy. The disease is of high recurrence and very difficult to be cured radically. The author combined surgery with external washing with Chinese herbal medicine and achieved quite good results. The following is report of the treatment.

TREATMENT OF SPINAL-CORD-TYPE CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS BY CHINESE MASSOTHERAPY

Spinal-cord-type cervical spondylosis is aserious disorder of nervous system.The authorhas treated 40 cases of spinal-cord-typecervical spondylosis by Chinese massotherapyin combination with orally taking andexternally applying Chinese herbal drugs,withsatisfactory results as reported in thefollowing.Clinical DataAmong the 40 cases,22 were male and18 female,ranging in age from 23 to 60 years,averaging 44 years.The shortest duration

Clinical Observations on 109 Cases of Vocal Nodules Treated with Acupuncture and Chinese Drugs

The treatment of vocal nodules with the combined use of needling on Kaiyin Yihao Xue (开音一号穴Kai Yin Point No. 1 for Voice-Regaining) and medicinal spray and tea made according to Xie Qiang’s empirical prescription, obtained a total effective rate of 93.6%, obviously superior to that of the group treated with western medicine and the group simply treated by Chinese drugs (P<0.01). This suggests that the combined use of acupuncture and Chinese drugs in the treatment of vocal nodules has better therapeutic effect and requires shorter course of treatment.