A U-Shaped Network-Based Grid Tagging Model for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

Chinese named entity recognition(CNER)has received widespread attention as an important task of Chinese information extraction.Most previous research has focused on individually studying flat CNER,overlapped CNER,or discontinuous CNER.However,a unified CNER is often needed in real-world scenarios.Recent studies have shown that grid tagging-based methods based on character-pair relationship classification hold great potential for achieving unified NER.Nevertheless,how to enrich Chinese character-pair grid representations and capture deeper dependencies between character pairs to improve entity recognition performance remains an unresolved challenge.In this study,we enhance the character-pair grid representation by incorporating both local and global information.Significantly,we introduce a new approach by considering the character-pair grid representation matrix as a specialized image,converting the classification of character-pair relationships into a pixel-level semantic segmentation task.We devise a U-shaped network to extract multi-scale and deeper semantic information from the grid image,allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of associative features between character pairs.This approach leads to improved accuracy in predicting their relationships,ultimately enhancing entity recognition performance.We conducted experiments on two public CNER datasets in the biomedical domain,namely CMeEE-V2 and Diakg.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach,which achieves F1-score improvements of 7.29 percentage points and 1.64 percentage points compared to the current state-of-the-art(SOTA)models,respectively.

Improved Prefix Based Format-Preserving Encryption for Chinese Names

In the era of big data, government, business and personal digital information will be possible for data mining. Data mining requires massive data as a support. However, the direct release of the original mass data, which usually contain some sensitive information of personal or analysis, will result in leakage of user privacy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to protect privacy information in data publishing. In this paper, we focus on the multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption. First, we introduce a multi-type self-identified format-preserving encryption system and discuss the encryption of various types of data in this system. Then, for the format preserving encryption(FPE) about Chinese name, we study from the encryption model construction and basic encryption scheme. The format-preserving encryption model about Chinese name is constructed and the concept of the name library is presented. Based on this, it is used to not only limit the message space to reduce complexity, but also ensure the cipher in accordance with the Chinese naming habits. In addition, according to the encryption and decryption model, format-preserving encryption process of Chinese name is designed. In order to add new names, the algorithm of name space expansion is proposed. Based on the Prefix, this paper put forward an algorithm named Cycle-Prefix, which enhances the security and dynamics of FPE by using two adjustment factors and the circular encryption. Compared with the traditional Prefix algorithm, experiments show that Cycle-Prefix can not only complete the task of FPE for Chinese name, but also encrypt same plain text into different ciphers under the premise of similar efficiency with Prefix.

On Generalities of Chinese Names and English Names

Name system has developed simultaneously with the change of world language.Generalities of Chinese names and English names are discussed from 8 aspects.Meanwhile,the structural changes of names in Chinese and English are also contrasted in order to make some further exploration.Readers may more deeply understand the specific regularity of the individual languages after knowing several generalities.

Should the Writing of Chinese Names in Pinyin Be Standardized?

With international exchanges and gatherings becoming more common, Chinese in pinyin, mainly the names of people and places has become more and more common. Pinyin is a system for transliterating Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet and was officially adopted by the People＇s Republic of China in 1979.

China ABC A Chinese Name

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Chinese Named Entity Recognition with Character-Level BLSTM and Soft Attention Model

Unlike named entity recognition(NER)for English,the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER.To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation,a deep model extracting character-level features is carefully built and becomes a basis for a new Chinese NER method,which is proposed in this paper.This method converts the raw text to a character vector sequence,extracts global text features with a bidirectional long short-term memory and extracts local text features with a soft attention model.A linear chain conditional random field is also used to label all the characters with the help of the global and local text features.Experiments based on the Microsoft Research Asia(MSRA)dataset are designed and implemented.Results show that the proposed method has good performance compared to other methods,which proves that the global and local text features extracted have a positive influence on Chinese NER.For more variety in the test domains,a resume dataset from Sina Finance is also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Chinese named entity recognition with multi-network fusion of multi-scale lexical information

Named entity recognition(NER)is an important part in knowledge extraction and one of the main tasks in constructing knowledge graphs.In today’s Chinese named entity recognition(CNER)task,the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model is widely used and often yields notable results.However,recognizing each entity with high accuracy remains challenging.Many entities do not appear as single words but as part of complex phrases,making it difficult to achieve accurate recognition using word embedding information alone because the intricate lexical structure often impacts the performance.To address this issue,we propose an improved Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)character word conditional random field(CRF)(BCWC)model.It incorporates a pre-trained word embedding model using the skip-gram with negative sampling(SGNS)method,alongside traditional BERT embeddings.By comparing datasets with different word segmentation tools,we obtain enhanced word embedding features for segmented data.These features are then processed using the multi-scale convolution and iterated dilated convolutional neural networks(IDCNNs)with varying expansion rates to capture features at multiple scales and extract diverse contextual information.Additionally,a multi-attention mechanism is employed to fuse word and character embeddings.Finally,CRFs are applied to learn sequence constraints and optimize entity label annotations.A series of experiments are conducted on three public datasets,demonstrating that the proposed method outperforms the recent advanced baselines.BCWC is capable to address the challenge of recognizing complex entities by combining character-level and word-level embedding information,thereby improving the accuracy of CNER.Such a model is potential to the applications of more precise knowledge extraction such as knowledge graph construction and information retrieval,particularly in domain-specific natural language processing tasks that require high entity recognition precision.

In Silico Screening of Potential Inhibitors against dPLA2 from Named Chinese Herbs for Identification of Compounds with Antivenom Effects Due to Deinagkistrodon acutus Snake Bites

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the key enzyme to the venom from Deinagkistrodon acutus which is one of the highly venomous snakes in China. In addition to being a catalyst for the hydrolysis of phospholipases A2 from snake venom, its well known that it possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hemolytic, anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities. However, snakebites are not efficiently treated by conventional serum therapy. Acute wounds can still cause poisoning and death. In order to find effective inhibitors of Deinagkistrodon venom acid phospholipase A2 (dPLA2), we obtained 385 compounds in 9 Chinese herbs from the TCMSP. These compounds were further performed to virtual screen using in silico tools like ADMET analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. After Pharmacokinetics analysis, we found 7 candidate compounds. Besides, analysis of small molecule interactions with dPLA2 confirmed that the amino acid residues HIS47 and GLY29 are key targets. Because they bind not only to the natural substrate phosphatidylcholine and compounds known for having inhibitory functions, but also for combining with potential antidote molecules in Chinese herbal medicine. This study is the first to report experience with virtual screening for possible inhibitor of dPLA2, such as the interaction spatial structure, binding energy and binding interaction analysis, these experiences not only provide reference for further experimental research, but also have a guideline for the study of drug molecular mechanism of action.

探讨Chinese way术式在关节镜下治疗巨大肩袖损伤的应用价值

目的探讨Chinese way术式在关节镜下治疗巨大肩袖损伤的应用价值,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2022年3月至2024年3月于扬州市江都中医院接受治疗的70例巨大肩袖损伤患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方式不同分为双排锚钉缝线桥组和Chinese way组,每组35例。双排锚钉缝线桥组患者采用关节镜下双排锚钉缝线桥固定术治疗,Chinese way组患者采用关节镜下Chinese way术式治疗。比较两组患者肩关节活动度、并发症发生情况、Fugl-Meyer评定量表(FMA-UE)评分。结果术后3个月,两组患者前屈、后伸、内旋、外旋的肩关节活动度均增加,且Chinese way组均大于双排锚钉缝线桥组(均P<0.05)。Chinese way组患者并发症总发生率低于双排锚钉缝线桥组(均P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组患者运动功能、感觉功能、平衡功能、关节活动度、疼痛的各项FMA-UE评分均升高,且Chinese way组均高于双排锚钉缝线桥组(均P<0.05)。结论Chinese way术式在关节镜下治疗巨大肩袖损伤的效果较好,可有效提升患者肩关节活动度和上肢运动功能,且安全性较高,值得临床应用。

Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylorirelated gastritis:The mechanisms of signalling pathway regulations

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis(HPAG)is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract.However,extensive and long-term antibiotic use has resulted in numerous adverse effects,including increased resistance,gastrointestinal dysfunction,and increased recurrence rates.When these concerns develop,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)may have advantages.TCM is based on the concept of completeness and aims to eliminate pathogens and strengthen the body.It has the potential to prevent this condition while also boosting the rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication.This review elaborates on the mechanism of TCM treatment for HPAG based on cellular signalling pathways,which reflects the flexibility of TCM in treating diseases and the advantages of multi-level,multipathway,and multi-target treatments for HPAG.

Molecular mechanism and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system,ranking second in incidence worldwide.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine,shows unique advantages in cancer treatment.Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of multiple ingredients and involves multiple signaling pathways,which showed function of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells,arresting the cell cycle,inhibiting invasion and metastasis,reducing drug resistance,and regulating immune function.Physical therapy is also an important treatment of TCM.Currently,Physical therapy such as acupuncture or Tai Chi and Qigong are gaining increased recognition in the management of PCa,particularly in addressing issues like urinary incontinence and bone metastasis-related pain.This article reviews the TCM treatment and therapy of PCa,in order to provide new research avenues and treatment options for the treatment of PCa with TCM and improve the quality of life of patients.

Cohort study on the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer with integrated Chinese and western medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.

Literature study on traditional Chinese medicine syndromes after renal transplantation

BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the most effective means to treat patients with renal failure,but its postoperative problems such as rejection reactions,immunosuppressant poisoning,chronic transplant kidney nephropathy,etc.still have not been effectively solved.This study searched for literature on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes after kidney transplantation in China,conducted statistical analysis of the results,and sought to identify the underlying patterns.AIM To understand the TCM syndromes after renal transplantation and associated rules and provide a theoretical basis for further clinical research.METHODS The literature pertaining to TCM syndromes in renal transplantation,published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database,and WIP database from 1970 to 2021,was meticulously searched and comprehensively and statistically analyzed.RESULTS Following the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,13 studies were selected for analysis.Post-renal transplantation,no significant discrepancy was noted among the groups based on the location of TCM viscera.However,when categorized according to TCM pathogenic factors,the groups with spleen and kidney yang deficiency,as well as liver and kidney yin deficiency,exhibited a statistically significant difference in the frequency.CONCLUSION Currently,the research on TCM syndromes pertaining to renal transplantation is in its nascent phase.It is imperative to conduct a multicentric,large-scale survey of TCM syndromes subsequent to renal transplantation in the ensuing years.

Low-concentration atropine(0.01%)on quantitative contrast sensitivity function in Chinese children with myopia

AIM:To investigate the effect of 0.01%low-concentration atropine(LA)on quantitative contrast sensitivity function(qCSF)in children with myopia.METHODS:This paired case-control study included 90 eyes of 58 children who were sex-,age-,and refractionmatched and equally divided into two groups:the 0.01%LA group had undergone 6mo use of daily 0.01%atropine and control group was naïve to LA.Routine ophthalmic examinations and qCSF test without refractive correction were performed.Two groups were compared in monocular and binocular qCSF parameters,including the area under logCSF,CSF acuity,and contrast sensitivity(CS)at 1.0-18.0 cycle per degree(cpd).RESULTS:In the monocular comparison,the CSF acuity of the LA group was significantly higher than that of the control group(7.58±5.51 vs 6.37±4.22 cpd,P<0.05).The subgroup analysis showed that in the 6-9y group,CSF acuity was significantly higher in the LA group than the control group(8.76±6.19 vs 6.54±4.25 cpd,P<0.05),and in the Female group,low refraction sphere group,and high refraction cylinder group,the CS at high spatial frequencies(12.0 and 18.0 cpd)were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(all P<0.05).In the binocular test,CSF acuity and CS at 12.0 cpd were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(10.95±7.00 vs 8.65±5.12 cpd;0.17±0.33 vs 0.06±0.16,respectively;both P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Use of LA may result in improved CS in children with early onset myopia.

Generating Chinese named entity data from parallel corpora

Annotating named entity recognition （NER） training corpora is a costly but necessary process for supervised NER approaches. This paper presents a general framework to generate large-scale NER training data from parallel corpora. In our method, we first employ a high performance NER system on one side of a bilingual corpus. Then, we project the named entity （NE） labels to the other side according to the word level alignments. Finally, we propose several strategies to select high-quality auto-labeled NER training data. We apply our approach to Chinese NER using an English-Chinese parallel corpus. Experimental results show that our approach can collect high-quality labeled data and can help improve Chinese NER.

A Cultural Approach to English Translating Strategies of Chinese Cuisine names

Chinese food is not only characterized with its special cooking methods but its cultural implications.However,the status quo of English translation of Chinese dish names is not satisfying.For the purpose of spreading Chinese cuisine culture,4 translating principles and several translating methods are put forward in order to promote the exchanging between cultures.

Analysis of Translation Skills of Chinese Dish Name

China is a country that attaches great importance to names,honor,and prestige.The set phrase,to achieve both fame and wealth,gives the true meaning of the word fame.Chinese food culture has a long history,and forms a variety of dishes,These Chinese dishes are popular with the whole world.English translation of Chinese dish can be found everywhere in China nowadays.For example:restaurants have bilingual menus;cook books are translated into English;food is discussed and recommended in English on newspaper,magazines and TV programs.Some of the English equivalents are so wordy or awkward that they read like recipes instead of names.Some are confusing and misleading.The problem is that some dish names embedded with cultural connotation are still translated literally,which makes the menus unintelligible and the target language reader lost chances to enjoy Chinese food culture.Owing to these features of the Chinese culinary culture,the names of Chinese food are kaleidoscopic and deny easy forms.

A Cognitive Study of the Naming Elements of Chinese Dish Names Based on the Prominence Principle

The assortedness of Chinese food,together with the complexity of their naming elements,has ignited numerous scholars' interests in this field and prompted them to make abundant analyses of Chinese dish names.Most of them,however,were done in studies of traditional linguistics,rhetoric,translatology and cross-cultural communication.And studies,based on corpus,on the naming elements of Chinese dishes under cognitive linguistic theories almost remain a blank.This paper aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of 4,000 Chinese dish names(500 ones selected freely from each of the eight cuisines),based on the Prominence Principle,in order to identify the specific naming elements of Chinese dishes and forward related statistics and ratios.

The Translation Strategies of Chinese Dish Names on Descriptive Translation Studies

It is well-known that Chinese dish names concentrate on the essence of traditional Chinese culture,reflecting the collective wisdom of Chinese nation.In recent years,good and awkward translation of Chinese dish names coexist with each other,which has a negative influence on Chinese image.Nowadays many people have begun to center on and study the English translation of Chinese dishes names.Descriptive translation is a clear answer to it.

Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and British Names from the Perspective of Culture

A name can reflect a nation's history and culture. Studying the differences and similarities of names between two countries can help us have a better understanding of the two cultures and thus promote further communications. A contrastive analysis of Chinese and British names are discussed mainly from the forms, origins and the factors influencing naming. It is founded that the differences of names are closely related with history, religion, social system and values while the similarities are focus on the common things. In general, there are more differences than similarities. The naming system has a long history and as a traditional culture it truly deserves our attention.