以山西省为研究对象,基于中国土壤流失方程(Chinese Soil Loss Equation)、遥感和GIS空间分析技术,通过合理选择CSLE中各土壤侵蚀因子的数据来源和计算方法,依据《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》对2000—2010年山西省省市县3级行政体系的土壤...以山西省为研究对象,基于中国土壤流失方程(Chinese Soil Loss Equation)、遥感和GIS空间分析技术,通过合理选择CSLE中各土壤侵蚀因子的数据来源和计算方法,依据《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》对2000—2010年山西省省市县3级行政体系的土壤侵蚀风险情况进行了分析,并运用地理加权回归分析方法,计算了土壤侵蚀模型中各因子对侵蚀量的贡献率。结果表明:(1)山西省年均土壤侵蚀总量达3.58×108t,平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 287t/(km^2·a)。若以土壤侵蚀强度高于微度为侵蚀风险地区,则山西省存在水土流失风险的地区约占全省面积的48%;(2)11个地级市中,轻度侵蚀城市依次为长治、晋中、晋城、太原、大同、运城和朔州,中度侵蚀依次为吕梁、临汾、阳泉和忻州。106个县级行政区中,微度侵蚀的县有14个,轻度侵蚀的县有61个,中度侵蚀的县有27个,强度侵蚀的县有4个;(3)地形因子对水力侵蚀引起的土壤侵蚀模数具有最高的贡献率,而因子取得最值的位置并不与贡献率最值的位置相一致。展开更多
中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)是我国用于定量评价和预测区域土壤侵蚀的重要模型。水土保持耕作措施因子(T)是该模型中的7个关键因子之一,能反映水土保持耕作措施对土壤侵蚀的削减作用,其准确估算对基于CSLE模型...中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)是我国用于定量评价和预测区域土壤侵蚀的重要模型。水土保持耕作措施因子(T)是该模型中的7个关键因子之一,能反映水土保持耕作措施对土壤侵蚀的削减作用,其准确估算对基于CSLE模型的区域土壤侵蚀评价及动态对比分析至关重要。通过文献资料调研,总结目前获取T因子的6种方法,并对比各种方法的优缺点和适用条件。研究表明:水利普查结果查询法和区域水土流失动态监测查询法,获取便捷且应用广泛,但精度有待验证;土地利用类型划分公式法计算简便且适用于流域等大尺度,但受土地利用/覆盖类型解译的限制;径流小区公式法精度较高,适用于小区等小尺度;坡度分级法和水土保持耕作措施赋值法实际应用性强,可用于小流域、区域等尺度,但需考虑空间异质性。展开更多
Based on Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) model, this paper utilized technical advantages of RS and geographic information system (GIS) on data access and erosion factors database building to study prediction met...Based on Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) model, this paper utilized technical advantages of RS and geographic information system (GIS) on data access and erosion factors database building to study prediction methods of regional soil erosion. The spatial analysis module of ARCGIS platform was applied to study the spatial distribution of erosion and the inter-relations of the factors influencing regional soil erosion in the research area. As a result, the mean soil erosion modulus of Bin County is 3 555.42 t/(km^2.a), which suggests moderate degree erosion. The mean soil erosion modulus of clayey meadow soil is higher than those of dark brown soil and black soil. Vegetation factor values are between 0.1-0.2. The mean slope gradient and slope length values are respectively 1.335 and 6.061 which shows slope length is a dominant factor. And soil type, vegetation coverage and topographic factors have remarkable relevance to each other. Therefore, RS, GIS and CSLE are applicable in regional scale to disclose spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion and to analyze the characteristics of dominant soil erosion factor quantitatively.展开更多
文摘以山西省为研究对象,基于中国土壤流失方程(Chinese Soil Loss Equation)、遥感和GIS空间分析技术,通过合理选择CSLE中各土壤侵蚀因子的数据来源和计算方法,依据《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》对2000—2010年山西省省市县3级行政体系的土壤侵蚀风险情况进行了分析,并运用地理加权回归分析方法,计算了土壤侵蚀模型中各因子对侵蚀量的贡献率。结果表明:(1)山西省年均土壤侵蚀总量达3.58×108t,平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 287t/(km^2·a)。若以土壤侵蚀强度高于微度为侵蚀风险地区,则山西省存在水土流失风险的地区约占全省面积的48%;(2)11个地级市中,轻度侵蚀城市依次为长治、晋中、晋城、太原、大同、运城和朔州,中度侵蚀依次为吕梁、临汾、阳泉和忻州。106个县级行政区中,微度侵蚀的县有14个,轻度侵蚀的县有61个,中度侵蚀的县有27个,强度侵蚀的县有4个;(3)地形因子对水力侵蚀引起的土壤侵蚀模数具有最高的贡献率,而因子取得最值的位置并不与贡献率最值的位置相一致。
文摘中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)是我国用于定量评价和预测区域土壤侵蚀的重要模型。水土保持耕作措施因子(T)是该模型中的7个关键因子之一,能反映水土保持耕作措施对土壤侵蚀的削减作用,其准确估算对基于CSLE模型的区域土壤侵蚀评价及动态对比分析至关重要。通过文献资料调研,总结目前获取T因子的6种方法,并对比各种方法的优缺点和适用条件。研究表明:水利普查结果查询法和区域水土流失动态监测查询法,获取便捷且应用广泛,但精度有待验证;土地利用类型划分公式法计算简便且适用于流域等大尺度,但受土地利用/覆盖类型解译的限制;径流小区公式法精度较高,适用于小区等小尺度;坡度分级法和水土保持耕作措施赋值法实际应用性强,可用于小流域、区域等尺度,但需考虑空间异质性。
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(2007CB407204)
文摘Based on Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) model, this paper utilized technical advantages of RS and geographic information system (GIS) on data access and erosion factors database building to study prediction methods of regional soil erosion. The spatial analysis module of ARCGIS platform was applied to study the spatial distribution of erosion and the inter-relations of the factors influencing regional soil erosion in the research area. As a result, the mean soil erosion modulus of Bin County is 3 555.42 t/(km^2.a), which suggests moderate degree erosion. The mean soil erosion modulus of clayey meadow soil is higher than those of dark brown soil and black soil. Vegetation factor values are between 0.1-0.2. The mean slope gradient and slope length values are respectively 1.335 and 6.061 which shows slope length is a dominant factor. And soil type, vegetation coverage and topographic factors have remarkable relevance to each other. Therefore, RS, GIS and CSLE are applicable in regional scale to disclose spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion and to analyze the characteristics of dominant soil erosion factor quantitatively.