The rationale behind the four major anti-COVID-19 principles of Chinese herbal medicine based on systems medicine

As the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its variants continue to rage into the second year of a global pandemic,many success stories of applying Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)to treat COVID-19 patients continue to emerge from China and other part of the world.Herewith,from a systems medicine perspective,the authors analyze those experiences and categorize them into four major treatment principles:(1)focusing on eliminating toxins in the early stage of the disease,(2)tonifying deficiency of the body throughout the entire disease course,(3)treating the affected lung and intestine simultaneously based on visceral interactions,(4)cooling blood and removing blood stasis at the later stage,as well as interpret the rationale of these principles.This is helpful not only in reducing the complexity of promoting the CHM applications to enhance anti-COVID-19 efficacy,but also in ramping out the process of integrating traditional Chinese medicine with modern medical practices.

Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs

The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)highlighted the importance and urgency of the research and development of therapeutic drugs.Very early into the COVID-19 pandemic,China has begun developing drugs,with some notable progress.Herein,we summarizes the anti-COVID-19 drugs and promising drug candidates originally developed and researched in China.Furthermore,we discussed the developmental prospects,mechanisms of action,and advantages and disadvantages of the anti-COVID-19 drugs in development,with the aim to contribute to the rational use of drugs in COVID-19 treatment and more effective development of new drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and the variants.Neutralizing antibody is an effective approach to overcome COVID-19.However,drug resistance induced by rapid virus mutation will likely to challenge neutralizing antibodies.Taking into account current epidemic trends,small molecule drugs have a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 due to their significant advantage of convenient administration and affordable and broad-spectrum.Traditional Chinese medicines,including natural products and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions,contribute to the treatment of COVID-19 due to their unique mechanism of action.Currently,the research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs have led to some promising achievements,thus prompting us to expect even more rapidly available solutions.

Potential herb-drug interactions between anti-COVID-19 drugs and traditional Chinese medicine

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has spread worldwide.Effective treatments against COVID-19 remain urgently in need although vaccination significantly reduces the incidence,hospitalization,and mortality.At present,antiviral drugs including Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir(Paxlovid^(TM)),Remdesivir,and Molnupiravir have been authorized to treat COVID-19 and become more globally available.On the other hand,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used for the treatment of epidemic diseases for a long history.Currently,various TCM formulae against COVID-19 such as Qingfei Paidu decoction,Xuanfei Baidu granule,Huashi Baidu granule,Jinhua Qinggan granule,Lianhua Qingwen capsule,and Xuebijing injection have been widely used in clinical practice in China,which may cause potential herb-drug interactions(HDIs)in patients under treatment with antiviral drugs and affect the efficacy and safety of medicines.However,information on potential HDIs between the above anti-COVID-19 drugs and TCM formulae is lacking,and thus this work seeks to summarize and highlight potential HDIs between antiviral drugs and TCM formulae against COVID-19,and especially pharmacokinetic HDIs mediated by metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters.These well-characterized HDIs could provide useful information on clinical concomitant medicine use to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse and toxic effects.

“中医药话语”跨文化传播议程设置研究

全球化传播背景下,“中医药话语”的跨文化传播是中国国家形象和意识形态建设的重要阵地。受西方媒介对中医药“滥用野生动物”“药物毒性及检测标准”“无科学根据”等消极叙事的媒介议程设置影响,海外受众普遍形成“中医药话语”的刻板印象,并由此形成了与媒介议程高度一致的公众议程。CGTN(中国环球电视网)从成立之初,就将“中医药话语”议程设置作为常态化工作,致力于长期、持久、策略地推进“中医药话语”正面价值的海外传播,转变海外精英受众固有的“议程设置”,一方面借助议程设置进行观点覆盖,CGTN媒介在“想什么”层面提升“中医药”选题客体显著性,完成“中医药话语”第一层面的议程设置;一方面通过雄辩论据和焦点事件,CGTN媒介在“怎样想”层面提升“中医药”议题部分属性的显著性,完成“中医药话语”第二层面的议程设置,并通过更强烈的属性议程设置效果,将议程元素捆绑,使包括客体和属性在内的整个网状结构显著性转移。CGTN以观点覆盖、属性议程设置和多向互文的系统语篇,建构“中医药话语”的立体网状传播路径,实现“中医药话语”的跨文化话语权争夺。

中西医结合治疗新冠肺炎的话语研究——基于“双层—五步”框架的中西医话语互动分析

在批评话语研究领域,话语被阐释为语言使用与相关社会因素之间辩证关系的社会实践。将此观点投射到话语之间的相互作用上面,话语互动研究可以从不同话语在语言使用和社会因素两个层面上的互动入手,并按五个步骤依次进行。运用这个“双层-五步”分析框架,以央视《新闻1+1》电视节目主持人白岩松就中医药治疗新冠肺炎对中医专家张伯礼的连线采访为分析语料,探究中医话语与西医话语之间的互动问题,认为中西医话语互动形成中西医结合新话语。在治疗新冠肺炎的医疗实践中,中西医结合话语显示出动态变化的意义特征,这与中医从业者社会认知的调节作用密切相关。

生态哲学观:阐释、建构、融合与拓展

生态哲学观作为生态哲学的一项重要议题,近年来被引进到生态语言学的生态话语分析中。区分“生态观”“哲学观”“生态哲学观”是阐明生态哲学观内涵的基础。生态哲学观在生态话语分析中的运用大体上包括建构和融合两个路径。新冠疫情暴发引发的生命伦理问题为生态语言学提出新挑战,可以拓展生态哲学观以建构新的灾疫伦理观,并用于中国抗疫核心叙事话语的建构和阐释这一新议题。

论新冠疫情防控境阈下的中国话语权——兼谈新冠疫情防控的浙江经验

新冠疫情防控的国际话语场阈情势体现为:西方媒体歪曲报道中国疫情;西方话语霸权的压制;中国话语权处于劣势。因而,新冠疫情防控下中国话语权需要解决以下问题:中国的国际话语体系不够完善;中国对外传播渠道不够健全。针对以上情况,我们党应该夯实新冠疫情防控背景下党的话语传播之基础:一方面,在国际基础方面,需要坚决维护国家利益,积极构建国际战疫共同体;另一方面,在国内基础方面,采取有效措施,打赢全民抗疫防疫阻击战。在此基础上,我们必须积极开辟提升中国话语权之具体路径;增强综合国力,在发展中提升话语权;进一步加强国际合作,在互信中提升话语权;抢占战略制高点,用先见提升话语权;讲好中国战疫故事,在认同中提升话语权;优化传播渠道,用全媒体提升话语权。

抗疫背景下中医药的媒介形象建构——基于China Daily相关对外报道的考察

提取抗疫背景下China daily对中医药的英文报道,自建“中医药英文报道”新闻语料库,通过对China daily关于中医药报道的频率、标题、主题词以及检索行进行定量和定性分析,考察了中国官方媒体对中医药抗疫的形象建构。研究发现,China daily通过赞赏或宣扬中医是切实有效的治疗手段等话语,建构“利器”形象;通过中国真诚援助其他国家抗疫,中医药在海外参与抗击疫情等话语,建构“战友”形象。

批评话语分析视角下基于语料库的中国形象研究——以《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书英译文为例

国家形象作为国家意识形态的重要组成成分,已受到政府和学者们的广泛关注。通过自建《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书英译文语料库,以文本的主题词、高频词及其搭配作为着手点,对白皮书英译文的实词系统、情态系统、类联接和索引行等角度进行话语分析,借用批评话语分析的三维话语分析模型考察白皮书英译文中话语特征所构造的中国国家形象和背后潜在的意识形态。研究发现,白皮书英译文构造的中国形象基本可总结为:始终把人民的生命安全置于优先次序的大国形象;严格落实疫情预防控制工作的亲民政府形象;呼吁全社会共同构建人类卫生健康共同体的外交形象。