Comparison of seismic actions and structural design requirements in Chinese Code GB 50011 and International Standard ISO 3010

This papcr presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010:2001(E),emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements,seismic actions and analytical approaches.Similarities include:earthquake return period,conceptual design,site classification,structural strength and ductility requirements,deformation limits,response spectra,seismic analysis procedures,isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements.Differences exist in the following areas:seismic levels,earthquake loading,mode damping factors and structural control.

Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings

Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.

Seismic resilience assessment of corroded reinforced concrete structures designed to the Chinese codes

The natural landscape in China exposes many existing RC buildings to aggressive environments.Such exposure can lead to deterioration in structural performance with regard to resisting events such as earthquakes.Corrosion of embedded reinforcement is one of the most common mechanisms by which such structural degradation occurs.There has been increasing attention in recent years toward seismic resilience in communities and their constituent construction;however,to date,studies have neglected the effect of natural aging.This study aims to examine the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the seismic resilience of RC frames that are designed according to Chinese seismic design codes.A total of twenty RC frames are used to represent design and construction that is typical of coastal China,with consideration given to various seismic fortification levels and elevation arrangements.Seismic fragility relationships are developed for case frames under varying levels of reinforcement corrosion,i.e.,corrosion rates are increased from 5%to 15%.Subsequently,the seismic resilience levels of uncorroded and corroded RC frames are compared using a normalized loss factor.It was found that the loss of resilience of the corroded frames is greater than that of their uncorroded counterparts.At the Rare Earthquake hazard level,the corrosioninduced increase in loss of resilience can be more than 200%,showing the significant effect of reinforcement corrosion on structural resilience under the influence of earthquakes.

The Present Situation of Chattel Guarantee System and Its Improvements—Taking the Angle of American Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)

Although there are appropriate stipulations for the chattel guarantees in the law of China, this guarantee system could not adapt to the request of economy's development because of the following reasons: the scope of chattel guarantees is narrow according to relevant stipulations; the transaction cost of the chattel is high; mortgage registration of chattel is in a mess; lack of efficiently executive guarantee system, etc. To counter the problems existing in the present Chinese chattel guarantee system, in this article, the author proposed some corresponding suggestions and countermeasures, hoping to perfect the chattel guarantee system in China.

The development and verification of thermal-hydraulic code on passive residual heat removal system of Chinese advanced PWR

The technology of passive safety is the current trend among safety systems in nuclear power plant. Pas- sive residual heat removal system (PRHRS), a major part of passive safety systems of Chinese advanced PWR, is a novel design with three-fold natural circulation. On the basis of reasonable physics and mathematics models, MI- TAP-PRHRS code was developed to analyze steady and transient characteristics of the PRHRS. The calculation and analysis show that the code simulates steady characteristics of the PRHRS very well, and it is able to simulate tran- sient characteristics of all startup modes of the PRHRS. However, the quantitative description is poor during the ini- tial stages of the transition process when water hammer occurs.

A 4-Corner Codes Classifier Based on Decision Tree Inductive Learning for Handwritten Chinese Characters

The classification for handwritten Chinese character recognition can be viewed as a transformation in discrete vector space. In this paper, from the point of discrete vector space transformation, a new 4-corner codes classifier based on decision tree inductive learning algorithm ID3 for handwritten Chinese characters is presented. With a feature extraction controller, the classifier can reduce the number of extracted features and accelerate classification speed. Experimental results show that the 4-corner codes classifier performs well on both recognition accuracy and speed.

DESIGN AND RESEARCH OF THE INTERNAL CODE FOR THE COMPLETE CHINESE CHARACTERS SET

This paper defines the complete Chinese characters set and expounds the necessity of the design of the internal code for the set.Then,article offers two kinds of internal codes(the CNCC code and TTB code) with their definitions and their performances Finally,the paper discusses the techniques of implementing these eodes,including the trandsforming system kernel,Chinese-English compatible sceen-display and screen-deiting.

Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese building code

Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building.

Chinese Remainder Codes

Chinese Remainder Codes are constructed by applying weak block designs and Chinese Remainder Theorem of ring theory. The new type of linear codes take the congruence class in the congruence class ring R/I 1∩I 2∩...∩I n for the information bit, embed R/J i into R/I 1∩I 2∩...∩I n, and asssign the cosets of R/J i as the subring of R/I 1∩I 2∩...∩I n and the cosets of R/J i in R/I 1∩I 2∩...∩I n as check lines. There exist many code classes in Chinese Remainder Codes, which have high code rates. Chinese Remainder Codes are the essential generalization of Sun Zi Codes.

The law of oral traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia based on Chinese medical code

Objective:This study aimed to collect,sort out and excavate the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese Medical Code,and to explore the law of internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:We used"Chinese Medical Code"as the source of data retrieval,"insomnia","not sleepy","no sleeping"and"eye not sleeping"as the key words,and excluded temporary insomnia,physiological insomnia,insomnia caused by other diseases,and excluded other methods such as acupuncture and massage,the medical cases.Prescriptions of insomnia treated with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out.The database was established by using Microsoft excel 2010.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency,menstruation of nature,taste and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the association rules between drugs and mined the rules of prescriptions by the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1.Results:A total of 147 prescriptions,138 traditional Chinese medicines,20 pairs of core drugs,57 common drug combinations and 3 core pharmaceuticals were included.The basic prescription is:Suan Zao Ren,Bai Zi Ren,Fu Shen,Fu Ling,Yuan Zhi,Dang Gui,Gan Cao(Zhi).Conclusion:In summary,according to the drug analysis above,the main disease of insomnia is in the heart,involving the liver,spleen and kidney.Because it involves different viscera and syndrome,the methods of treatment are also different.However,there is a basic pathogenesis,that’s the loss of mental nourishment.By excavating the law of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia on the Chinese Medical Code,we expect that it can guide the treatment of insomnia.

An Interpretation of Code-mixing in Chinese Business Logos

Chinese-English code-mixing with distinct linguistic features has become prevailing in domestic trademarks in recent three or four decades. The reasons behind this prevalence were left untouched in previous studies. In this paper, Giddens' modernity theory is used as the theoretical framework to account for the major reason behind the prevalence of Chinese-English codemixing: English code in Chinese business logos plays a positive role as a reflection of China's modernization and her participation in economic globalization.

QR code二维条码数据编码的研究

为了实现二维条码的超大容量和高效汉字表示,应用快速响应矩阵码(QRcode)进行编码.QRcode码可以对任何类型数据,如数字、字母、字节以及汉字等进行编码.汉字模式下输入字符被压缩成13bit二进制数,然后将二进制数连接起来,并在前面加上模式指示符、汉字子集指示符和字符计数指示符.在对输入数据进行汉字编码时,发现国家标准(GB/T18284—2000)中存在错误,生成的数据位流超出国标中规定的符号数据容量.提出了3种修订方法,修改了国标中汉字模式的数据容量.测试结果表明所提方法是可行和有效的.

Analysis on Chinese/English Code-Switching in Computer-Mediated Communication Based on Meme Theory

Nowadays,computer-mediated communication(CMC) becomes one of the most convenient ways for people to connect with each other in which Chinese/English code-switching has been frequently used and widely spread.The article will memeticly interpret this language phenomenon based on the authentic examples collected from various kinds of CMC,and point out that the Chinese/English code-switching in CMC is a kind of strong memeplex which includes many different strong memes,resulting in the popularity of Chinese/English code-switching in CMC.

获取Unicode字符集中汉字的拼音和内码

为了对Unicode字符集中的27 901个汉字进行易通输入法编码,使用Windows XP操作系统中输入法生成器的逆转换对Windows XP操作系统的现有资源进行二次开发,获得拼音码表的文本文件;再使用Access数据库的数据处理功能,将汉字和拼音组成的字符串分离成汉字和拼音,得到Windows XP操作系统Unicode字符集中的汉字、拼音和内码。获取Unicode字符集中汉字的基本数据库。该方法提高了易通输入法的编码速度和灵活性。

GB18030与Unicode编码转换算法

在分析GB 18030和Unicode标准编码空间和对应关系的基础上,提出一种基于计算和查表相结合的转换算法.它利用这两种编码标准之间的"范围对应"关系,显著减少对应表的大小,因而可用于对资源要求十分严格的嵌入式设备与系统中.所提出的算法经简单变换也可用于不同的Unicode编码方式,如UTF8,UTF16等与GB 18030之间的转换.

高效Unicode/GB编码转换算法的设计和实现

为了在存储空间和运算能力严格受限的嵌入式系统中实现Unicode和GB2312编码的相互转换,设计了一种高效率的编码转换算法。该算法通过提取数据表中公共部分实现压缩存储,采用索引和二分法查找相结合的方式进行快速查找,和传统的转换算法相比约节省25%的存储空间,查找效率最高约提高3倍。该算法可在无操作系统支持的嵌入式系统中实现汉字编码之间的高效率的转换。

Unicode内码转换与汉字乱码

针对计算机中常用的字符集ANSI、DBCS、Unicode和UTF-8,介绍了基于Unicode的内码转换的简捷方法,讨论了编码类型错误和HTML字符引用错误所致乱码的原理及其消除方法。

Synthesis of accelerograms compatible with the Chinese GB 50011-2001 design spectrum via harmonic wavelets: artifi cial and historic records

A versatile approach is employed to generate artificial accelerograms which satisfy the compatibility criteria prescribed by the Chinese aseismic code provisions GB 50011-2001. In particular, a frequency dependent peak factor derived by means of appropriate Monte Carlo analyses is introduced to relate the GB 50011-2001 design spectrum to a parametrically defined evolutionary power spectrum （EPS）. Special attention is given to the definition of the frequency content of the EPS in order to accommodate the mathematical form of the aforementioned design spectrum. Further, a one-to-one relationship is established between the parameter controlling the time-varying intensity of the EPS and the effective strong ground motion duration. Subsequently, an efficient auto-regressive moving-average （ARMA） filtering technique is utilized to generate ensembles of non-stationary artificial accelerograms whose average response spectrum is in a close agreement with the considered design spectrum. Furthermore, a harmonic wavelet based iterative scheme is adopted to modify these artificial signals so that a close matching of the signals＇ response spectra with the GB 50011-2001 design spectrum is achieved on an individual basis. This is also done for field recorded accelerograms pertaining to the May, 2008 Wenchuan seismic event. In the process, zero-phase high-pass filtering is performed to accomplish proper baseline correction of the acquired spectrum compatible artificial and field accelerograms. Numerical results are given in a tabulated format to expedite their use in practice.

我国刑事诉讼法典编纂的历史智慧

我国古代虽无专门的刑事诉讼法典,但法典编纂的历史智慧依旧博大精深。自周代区分狱、讼开始,有关刑事诉讼的立法愈发精进,其重要成果分布于各个历史时期具有代表性的法典当中。在体例上,立法者以高超的“提取公因式”技术实现了总则制定,以精妙的编纂技巧完成了由繁至简的体系化过程;在理论上,以德立法的文化熏陶出兼顾情理,以矜恤弱势群体、依法断罪、宽严相济为代表的诉讼原则;在制度上,典范性的规定贯穿于诉讼程序的起诉、举证以及审理阶段,发展出了颇为完备的诉讼制度。当前,法典编纂已成为重要的时代命题,推动刑事诉讼法的法典化,一方面应吸收借鉴中国古代法制中优秀的法律传统与诉讼规律,另一方面需兼容解决现实问题以保证立法的前瞻性。