Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in urology: The Chinese experience

Objective:To describe the Chinese experience of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)in urology.Methods:From December 2008 to May 2017,35 animal experiments and 305 clinical surgeries of NOTES or natural orifices specimen extractions(NOSE)were performed in China.The animal experiments included five kidney biopsies,24 nephrectomies and six partial nephrectomies.The clinical surgeries included 12 transvaginal NOSE(TV-NOSE),266 hybrid transvaginal NOTES(TV-NOTES)and 27 pure TV-NOTES.The TV-NOSE procedure was performed in five transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site(U-LESS)nephrectomies,four suprapubic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(SA-LESS)nephroureterectomies,and three laparoscopic radical cystectomies.The hybrid TV-NOTES procedure included 210 nephrectomies,31 adrenalectomies,eight nephroureterectomies,13 partial nephrectomies,and four heminephrectomies.The pure TV-NOTES procedure included five renal cyst decortications and 22 nephrectomies.Results:A total of 29 animal experiments were successfully performed.One partial nephrectomy was converted to standard laparoscopic surgery.Two kidney biopsies and two nephrectomies were unsuccessful.A total of 297 clinical surgeries were successfully performed.Six patients who underwent hybrid TV-NOTES were converted to open surgery.Two patients who underwent pure TV-NOTES were converted to SA-LESS.There were 22 major complications,16 occurred intraoperatively and six postoperatively.The mean visual analog score(VAS)of 48 h after the operation was 2.5 points in TV-NOSE,2.3 points in hybrid TV-NOTES and 1.7 points in pure TV-NOTES.The mean follow-up of 50.6(3.0-87.0)months showed that all patients were in good condition.The umbilicus scars were nearly invisible in TV-NOSE and hybrid TV-NOTES.The vaginal incision healed well.Conclusions:TV-NOSE and TV-NOTES are feasible,safe,and effective with little injury,low pain,fast recovery,and good cosmetic outcomes in properly selected patients.They are worth consideration for urological clinical practice.

Chinese Experience in Industrial Development During the Forty Years of reform and opening-up

Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage.This experience of successful industrialization with Chinese characteristics constitutes an important component Chinese wisdom and Chinese approaches,and serves as a reference for other developing countries and countries in transition.The Chinese experience in industrial development during this period includes: progressively promoting industrial and economic system reform adapted to local circumstances; seizing the right moment to firmly integrate into the global system of labor division; pursuing the new path of industrialization featuring coordinated development of the "Five Pillars" in keeping up with the times; and developing an industrialization model with Chinese characteristics with concerted efforts of effective market and enabling government.

Chinese Experiences Hailed at Global Conference on Poverty Reduction

The Global Conference on Scaling up Poverty Reduction was held in Shanghai May 26-27, 2004. The conference, which was jointly sponsored by the World Bank and the Chinese Government, was designed to exchange international experi-

Summary of Zhang Hongxing's Experience in Treating Refractory Angina Pectoris with Traditional Chinese Medicine

As a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)expert in Shandong province and a famous veteran TCM expert in Dezhou city,Zhang Hongxing has been engaged in cardiovascular clinical work for more than 30 years.He has unique experience in the treatment of refractory angina pectoris.This paper comprehensively explains from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis.His treatment is mostly based on syndrome differentiation,combined with the basic pharmacology of modem Chinese medicine to formulate prescriptions and drugs,and at the same time values the use of insect drugs.We hereby attach the clinical records,hoping to provide reference for clinical workers,which is conducive to the inheritance and development of famous Chinese medical academic experience.

Chinese Approach to Improving Global Governance

Today's world is facing profound changes rarely seen in a century and the traditional global governance mechanism has lost its ability to effectively cope with these changes.Innovations in the models of global governance and improving global governance mechanisms are now necessary for the continuation of positive global development.Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has proven its ability to continuously improve its ability to participate in global governance reforms and will continue to do so by contributing Chinese vision, Chinese experience, and Chinese approaches to the improvement of global governance.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Experience of the Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that includes abdominal pain or discomfort associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits with features of disordered defecation.This disease lacks morphological changes and biochemical abnormalities to explain the symptoms.

Experiences in Treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） is a common chronic complication in diabetic patients, closely correlated with the development of the disease and with poorly controlled glucose levels. The common clinical signs show paresthesia, mostly manifesting as multiple peripheral neuritis, such as having a chilly or causalgic feeling, anaesthesia, formication, and pain, etc.

Experience in a Chinese Conference on Integrative Medicine

At the 3rd World Integrative Medicine Congress in Guangzhou, China, September 22-24, 2007, I had a lucky opportunity to be invited to give a talk. The topic of my talk was ＇How to write and submit scientific papers for publication： guidance for Chinese scholars in the field of integrative medicine＇. My primary purpose for accepting the invitation to speak at the conference was educational, that of delivering scientific writing guidelines, but my personal reasons included my interest in learning about the Chinese version of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. In addition, I was making first trip to China's Mainland. In this brief report, I would like to share my sketch of the conference and my impressions.

A historical review of hybrid rice breeding

The development of germplasm resources and advances in breeding methods have led to steady increases in yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three milestones in the recent history of rice breeding have contributed to these increases: dwarf rice breeding, hybrid rice breeding, and super rice breeding. On the 50th anniversary of the success of three-line hybrid rice,we highlight important scientific discoveries in rice breeding that were made by Chinese scientists and summarize the broader history of the field. We discuss the strategies that could be used in the future to optimize rice breeding further in the hope that China will continue to play a leading role in international rice breeding.

Application of community-based and integrated strategy to reduce malaria disease burden in southern Tanzania:the study protocol of China-UK-Tanzania pilot project on malaria control

Background:During the past six decades,remarkable success on malaria control has been made in China.The major experience could be shared with other malaria endemic countries including Tanzania with high malaria burden.Especially,China’s 1-3-7 model for malaria elimination is one of the most important refined experiences from many years’efforts and key innovation measures for malaria elimination in China.Methods:The China-UK-Tanzania pilot project on malaria control was implemented from April,2015 to June,2018,which was an operational research with two communities receiving the proposed interventions and two comparable communities serving as control sites.The World Health Organization"Test,Treat,Track"(WHO-T3)Initiative,which calls for every suspected case to receive a diagnostic test,every confirmed case to be treated,and for the disease to be tracked,was integrated with Chinese experiences on malaria control and elimination for exploration of a proper model tailored to the local settings.Application of China’s 1-3-7 model integrating with WHO-T3 initiative and local resources aiming at reducing the burden of malaria in terms of morbidity and mortality by 30%in the intervention communities in comparison with that at the baseline survey.Discussion:The China-UK-Tanzania pilot project on malaria control was that at China’s first pilot project on malaria control in Africa,exploring the feasibility of Chinese experiences by China-Africa collaboration,which is expected that the strategies and approaches used in this project could be potential for scaling up in Tanzania and African countries,and contribute to the acceleration of malaria control and elimination in Africa.

Linking key intervention timings to rapid declining effective reproduction number to quantify lessons against COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is currently under a global pandemic trend.The efficiency of containment measures and epidemic tendency of typical countries should be assessed.In this study,the efficiency of prevention and control measures in China,Italy,Iran,South Korea,and Japan was assessed,and the COVID-19 epidemic tendency among these countries was compared.Results showed that the effective reproduction number(Re)in Wuhan,China increased almost exponentially,reaching a maximum of 3.98 before a lockdown and rapidly decreased to below 1 due to containment and mitigation strategies of the Chinese government.The Re in Italy declined at a slower pace than that in China after the implementation of prevention and control measures.The Re in Iran showed a certain decline after the establishment of a national epidemic control command,and an evident stationary phase occurred because the best window period for the prevention and control of the epidemic was missed.The epidemic in Japan and South Korea reoccurred several times with the Re fluctuating greatly.The epidemic has hardly rebounded in China due to the implementation of prevention and control strategies and the effective enforcement of policies.Other countries suffering from the epidemic could learn from the Chinese experience in containing COVID-19.