2016 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,

2017 Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application ofserum marker for thyroid cancer

In recent years, the clinical incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year, and its risk assessment and clinical management methods have also been accordingly modified and constantly improved. There are great differences between the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic modes and disease management of thyroid cancer employed by various medical institutions in China, particularly with regard to the clinical application of serum marker of thyroid cancer. To this end, the China Anti-Cancer Association Thyroid Cancer Specialized Committee Chinese Association of Thyroid Oncology organized this compilation of ExpertConsensus on Clinical Application of Serum Marker of Thyroid Cancer to help and impel relevant clinical institutions and professionals to standardize clinical diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of thyroid cancer, and to properly utilize the serum marker for scientific auxiliary clinical diagnosis and assessment of thyroid cancer before and after operation.

Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Preventive Mechanism of Hunan Expert Group Recommended Chinese Medicine Prevention No.2 Prescription Against COVID-19

Objective To explore the possible preventive mechanism of Hunan expert group recommended Chinese medicine prescription of No.2(Pre-No.2)against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)by network pharmacology method.Methods The target proteins of effective components and active compounds in Pre-No.2 were screened by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).A component-target-disease interaction network of Pre-No.2 was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2,gene ontology(GO)analysis,and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)analysis of target protein pathway by DAVID.Results A total of 163 compounds and 278 target protein targets in Pre-No.2 were collected from the TCMSP database.Kaempferol,wogonin,7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone,formononetin,isorhamnetin,and licochalcone A were the most frequent targets in the regulatory network.GO enrichment analysis showed that Pre-No.2 regulated response to virus,viral processes,humoral immune responses,defense responses to virus and viral entry into host cells.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the formula regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway,B cell receptor signaling pathway,viral carcinogenesis,T cell signaling pathway and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis signaling pathway.Conclusions Pre-No.2 may play a preventive role against COVID-19 through regulation of the Toll-like signaling,T cell signaling,B cell signaling and other signaling pathways.It may regulate the immune system to protect against anti-influenza virus.

How Large is the ChinaMarket? An Analysis by Chinese Experts

Following the convening of the Fortune Global Forum in Shanghai in September1999, the Chinese market has become the focus of world attention.Different from the prevailingviewpoint, which stressed the enormouse size of the Chinese market, certain Chinese expertsand scholas think the Chinese market should be divided into the existing market and potentialmaket. On the existing market, market regulations should be further consolidated and improve in the interests of fair competition for Chinese and foreign enterprises. Chinesescholars are wary about jopining the Fortune 500,and the description-a bundle of small boats will not make an aircraft carrier-is figurative.

Chinese Expert Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatmentof Cholestatic Liver Disease

Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a common problem in clinical practice with the main manifestation being cholestasis.Recently,there has been a steady increase in knowledge associated with the diagnosis and treatment of CLD.Therefore,the experts in China were organized by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases (Electronic Edition),Chinese Journal of Liver Diseases (Electronic Edition) and Infection International (Electronic Edition) to collect and analyze relevant research,ultimately resulting in the development of this work (Chinese Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of CLDs,also abbreviated as consensus).

Chinese Experts and Scholars On US Human Rights Report

A dozen human rights experts and scholars from institutions of higher learning and research organizations attended a forum hem by the China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) in Beijing in early March. With a large amount of facts, they refuted the 2001 country reports on human rights issued on March 4 by the US Department of State for its vicious distortion and attacks on China's human rights. Following are excerpts of their speeches.

Chinese Space Experts Awarded with Honors at IAC

On October 3-7,the 62nd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) was held in Cape Town,South Africa.Chinese aerospace expert Liu Jiyuan was given the Von Karman Award,the highest such prize presented by the Intemational Academy of Astronautics (IAA).Liu Jiyuan is the first Chinese expert to receive the Von Karman Award.The award,created in 1982,is IAA's premier award given annually to scientists with outstanding lifetime achievements.

Feeding a Need A Chinese agricultural expert popularizes ecological livestock farming in Sao Toméand Príncipe

Toyamara Da Vera Cruz is all ears when Peng Yansen, her teacher, glves instructions. Although she has extensive experience in farming herself. coming from a long line of livestock breeders, Cruz is now learning a new skill from Peng.

Operating in Tandem Chinese experts in Sao Tome and Principe cooperate with local farmers to raise medical standards in the breeding industry

Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.

Chinese Religious Leaders and Human Rights Experts on US Religious Freedom Report

The US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) issued its 2003 annual report on May 13, uttering irresponsible criticisms of religious affairs of many countries, including China, and listed China among the 'countries of particular concerns.' This has aroused strong protests from Chinese religious leaders. On May 22, the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Religious Research Center held a forum in Beijing. The participating religious leaders and human rights experts gave the lie to the US report. Published below are the excerpts of the speeches by some religious leaders and human rights experts:

Chinese and Foreign Experts Advise on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly

The draft amendment to the law on the protection of the rights and interests of seniors, which was submit-ted on June 26, 2012 to the National People＇s Congress （NPC） Standing Committee for deliberation aroused heated debate in society and also at- tracted public attention to the protection of the rights and interests of elderly people. Entrusted by the NPC, the Human Rights Research Institute at the China University of Political Science and Law and the China Law Center at Yale Law School jointly organized apanel discussion on the rights and inter- ests of elderly people from July 8 to 9, 2012, in Beijing. Representatives from the NPC Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee,

Diagnosis and Management of Knee Osteoarthritis：Chinese Medicine Expert Consensus(2015)

Literature review shows that Chinese medicine and other related treatment are still the main stream treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is short of handbook guiding Chinese medicine from evidence-based medical evidence,so it is a top priority to develop a clinical guideline from the expert consensus.After several rounds of discussion during the conference and examination by letter,which has collected opinions from nearly one hundred experts,consensus was reached.Nonpharmacologic interventions include health education,medical exercise,acupuncture,massage,acupotomology,and physiotherapy.Pharmacological interventions are as follows.Topical application includes fumigation,application,hot compressed,ironing and iontophoresis with Chinese herbs,etc.Chinese patent medicine for external use includes plaster,ointment,etc.Western medicine for external use mainly includes emulsion,ointment,plaster and embrocation containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）.Intraarticular injection mainly includes sodium hyaluronic acid,chitosan（for injection） with prudent use of glucocorticoid.Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can be taken referring to syndrome differentiation which mainly includes syndromes of qi stagnation and blood stasis,cold dampness,deficiency of Gan（Liver） and Shen（Kidney）,deficiency of qi and blood.Western medicine mainly includes analgesic,NSAIDs,diseases modifying drugs.Surgery procedures mainly include joint irrigation,arthroscopic surgery,osteotomy,arthroplasty,etc.

Expert knowledge maps for knowledge management: a case study inTraditional Chinese Medicine research

OBJECTIVE:To design a model to capture information on the state and trends of knowledge creation,at both an individual and an organizational level,in order to enhance knowledge management.METHODS:We designed a graph-theoretic knowledge model,the expert knowledge map(EKM),based on literature-based annotation.A case study in the domain of Traditional Chinese Medicine research was used to illustrate the usefulness of the model.RESULTS:The EKM successfully captured various aspects of knowledge and enhanced knowledge management within the case-study organization through the provision of knowledge graphs,expert graphs,and expert-knowledge biography.CONCLUSION:Our model could help to reveal thehot topics,trends,and products of the research done by an organization.It can potentially be used to facilitate knowledge learning,sharing and decision-making among researchers,academicians,students,and administrators of organizations.

Transition from Textbook to Classroom Instruction in Mathematics:The Case of an Expert Chinese Teacher

This study reports how an expert Chinese teacher implements mathematics textbook lessons in enacted instruction.Our video analysis indicates that both textbook and enacted teaching included only one worked example;however,the teacher engaged students in unpacking the example in great depth.Both the textbook and the enacted teaching showed“concreteness fading”in students’use of representations.However,the Chinese teacher incorporated students’self-generated representations and facilitated students’active modeling of quantitative relationships.Finally,the Chinese teacher asked a greater number of deep questions than were suggested by the textbook.These deep questions often occurred as clusters of follow-up questions that were either concept-specific or promoted comparisons which facilitated connection-making between multiple representations and solutions.

Two Chinese Medicine Experts Honoured at First Cheung On Tak International Award for Outstanding Contribution to Chinese Medicine

The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University organised the Award Presentation Ceremony cum Award Winners＇ Lectures of The First Cheung On Tak International Award for Outstanding Contribution to Chinese Medicine to honour the two award recipients on April 30. The winners of the inaugural award were Professor CHEN Ke-ji, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Director of Cardiovascular Center, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; and Professor Tommy CHENG, Henry Bronson Professor of Pharmacology at Yale University and Chairman of the Consortium for the Globalization of Chinese Medicine.

Study Design and Implementation for Population Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Medicine：An Expert Consensus

Although many population pharmacokinetics（PPK） researches have been conducted on chemical drugs,few have been in the field of Chinese medicine（CM）.Each ingredient in CMs possesses different pharmacokinetic characteristics,therefore,it is important to develop methods of PPK studies on them to identify the differences in CM drug safety and efficacy among the population subgroups and to conduct quantitative studies on the determinants of CM drug concentrations.To develop an expert consensus on study design and implementation for PPK of CM,in August 2013,6 experts in the field of PPK,CMs pharmacology,and statistics discussed problems on the PPK research protocol of CMs,and a consensus was reached.The medicines with toxicity and narrow therapeutic windows and with wide range of target population or with frequent adverse reactions were selected.The compositions with definite therapeutic effects were selected as indices,and specific time points and sample sizes were designed according to standard PPK design methods.Target components were tested through various chromatography methods.Total quantity statistical moment analysis was used to estimate PPK parameters of each component and PPK models reflecting the trend of CMs（which assists in reasonable adjustments on clinical dosage）.This consensus specifies the study design and implementation process of PPK.It provides guidance for the following：post-marketing clinical studies,in vivo investigations related to the metabolism in different populations,and development and clinical adjustment of dosages of CMs.

Development of conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Although the number of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients is decreasing due to the development of hepatic anti-virus therapy,it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.The recent development of systemic or locoregional therapy for advanced or unresectable HCC has enabled advanced HCC to be downstaged,and reports of conversion therapy have increased;however,many clinical and scientific subjects rely on the therapeutic strategies of advanced HCC.There is a need to assess the evidence and develop clinical guidelines for conversion therapy for HCC;therefore,the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma(2021 Edition),consisting of 16 statements,has been developed for clinical practice(1).This consensus addresses treatment strategies for both technically and oncologically unresectable HCCs.We applaud Chinese establishment of this comprehensive and cutting-edge consensus on the treatment of advanced HCC.