SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD The Chinese Expression of the International Rule of Law

The Chinese expression of the direction and progress of the international rule of law is an important part of showcasing China＇s stand and ideas in international relations, and serves as a major interactive link between the Chinese rule of law and the international rule of law. The progress of the international rule of law rests on the active, full and effective expression of various countries including China, so that it can become more just and rational. In order to express itself explicitly and effectively, China needs to participate actively in the practices of international rule of law, in a bid to expand its horizon, enlist public support, and obtain opportunities.

Screening of Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen Expression Inducers from Chinese Medicinal Herbs and Plants

Ether extrilcls of 1693 Chinesc medicinal herbs and plilnts from 268 families werestudied for the induction of Epstcin-Barr viral (EBV ) early antigcn (EA ) expression in theRaji cell line. Fifty-two from 18 families were found to have inducing activity. Twenty-fiveand seven of them were from Euphorbiaccae and Thymclaeaceae, respectively. Some ofthem, such as Croton tiglium, Euphorbia kansui, Daphnc genkwa, Wikstrocmia chamacdaphen, Wikstroemia indica, Prunus mandshurica Koehne and Achyranthes bidentata arecommonly used drugs. The significance of these herbs in the activation of EBV in vivo andtheir relation to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were discussed.

Effect of different therapies of Chinese medicine on the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins in hippocampus of rats with post-stroke depression

BACKGROUND ： c-fos and c-jun, the important immediate early genes （IEG）, are regarded as the markers for the location and function of neuronal activity, as well as the third signal messengers, they couple the stress stimulation and the gene expression in neuron, and hippocampus is involved in the process of signal transmission after stress stimulation induced depression. OBJECTIVE： To observe the therapeutic effects of Bushen Yiqi （tonifying kidney to benefit qi）, Huoxue Huayu （promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis） and Ditan Kaiqiao （eliminating phlegm for resuscitation） on the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins in hippocampus and spontaneous behaviors of rats with post-stroke depression （PSD）, and compare the results with those of fluoxetine, which is known to have definite effect on depression. DESIGN： A randomized controlled tna SETTING ： Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine MATERIALS ： The trial was completed in Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to July in 2003. Fifty-six healthy adult Wistar male rats of clean grade, weighing （250±50） g, were randomly divided into 7 groups with 8 rats in each group： control group, model group, forced swimming group, Bushen Yiqi group; Huoxue Huayu, Ditan Kaiqiao group and fluoxetine group. The Bushen Yiqi Tang contained Renshen, Huangqi, Heshouwu, Gouqi, Shudi, etc., crude drugs 1 800 g/L. The Huoxue Huayu Tang contained Danshen, Chuanxiong, Chishao, Yujin, etc., crude drugs 3 600 g/L. The Ditan Kaiqiao Tang contained Banxia, Danxing, Changpu, Yuanzhi, etc., crude drug 1 000 g/b METHODS： ① Except the control group and forced swimming group, rats in the other groups were made into PSD models by deligating the bilateral common carotid artedes permanently. ② Rats in the control group, model group and forced swimming group were intragastncally perfused by saline （3 mL for each time）; those in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Huayu, Ditan Kaiqiao group and fluoxetine group were intragastncally perfused with Bushen Yiqi Tang （18 g/kg）, Huoxue Huayu Tang （9 g/kg）, Ditan Kaiqiao Tang （9 g/kg） and fluoxetine （2.5 mg/kg） respectively, once a day. ③ At 55 days after model establishment, rats in the forced swimming group were managed according to the Porsolt＇s method. They were placed in water for 15 minutes, and then taken out and dned, no moving-time within 5 minutes was recorded at drying and 24 hours after drying. ④ Measurement of spontaneous behaviors： Except the forced swimming group, the spontaneous behaviors and activities （including horizontal and vertical movements） of rats were observed with the Open-Field method at 28, 42 and 56 days after administration in the other groups. ⑤ The expressions of c-Fos and coJun proteins in hippocampus were determined with the immunohistochemical method, the relative sectional area ratio and average objective gray value of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells in hip- pocampus were measured with the computerized image analytical system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The spontaneous behaviors of rats, the relative sectional area ratio and average objective gray value of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells in hippocampus were observed. RESULTS： Of the 56 rats, 1 died in the forced swimming group, and finally 55 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of spontaneous activities： At 28 days, the times of crossing movements were obviously fewer in the model group and fluoxetine group [（69.00±37.01）, （98.11 ±36.68） times/3 minutes] than in the control group [（128.44±16.85） times/3 minutes, P 〈 0.01, 0.05], but those in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group had no obvious differences as compared with those in the control group （P 〉 0.05）. At 42 and 56 days, the times of crossing movements were obviously more in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group [（106.44±31.24）, （117.20±23.95）, （134.80±28.18）, （136.36±40.95） times/3 minutes; （117.33±35.91）, （129.60 ±23.78）, （131.90 ±26.81）, （136.09±28.34） times/3 minutes] than in the model group [（64.00±17.51）, （72.86±20.68） times/3 minutes, P 〈 0.01]. The times of rearing movements had no obvious differences among the groups for the three times （P 〉 0.05）. ② The no moving-time within 5 minutes 24 hours after drying was obviously longer than that at drying in the forced swimming group. ③ The average objective gray values of c-Fos positive cells were not obviously different in the Bushen Yiqi group and Ditan Kaiqiao group from the control group （P 〉 0.05）, but lower in the model group than in the control group （69.84±9.82, 75.78±5.89, P 〈 0.01）, and higher in the forced swimming group than in the control group （85.97±10.99, P 〈 0.01）; all higher in the fluoxetine group, Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the model group （81.27±10.73, 74.04±8.34, 83.29±9.89, 70.14±4.92, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The average objective gray values of c-Jun positive cells were obviously lower in the Bushen Yiqi group than in the control group （68.11 ±6.89, 79.58±5.86, P 〈 0.01）, but all higher in the other groups than in the control group （84.68±7.15, 81.34 ±8.36, 97.51±10.55, 85.68±9.25, 86.19±10.98, P 〈 0.05-0.01）; Those were obviously higher in the fluoxetine group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05-0.01 ）, lower in the Bushen Yiqi group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05）, all obviously lower in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the fluoxetine group （P 〈 0.01）. The relative sectional area ratios of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： The methods of Bushen Yiqi, Huoxue Quyu and Ditan Kaiqiao can effectively treat PSD in rats, and the results were equivalent with those of fluoxetine, the actions of the above-mentioned drugs may correlated with their regulation to c-Fos and c-Jun expressions in hippocampus. PSD animal models can be successfully established by both permanent deligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and forced swimming, and the models induced by the former has similar basic cerebrovascular lesions as human stroke in clinic.

Poetic and Pictorial Splendor-Expression of Traditional Chinese Literati in Chinese Architecture

The expression of traditional Chinese literati is based on connection, seeking emotion and harmony. With various forms, though, this style of expression shares the same value in some art forms, like traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings, and Chinese architecture. Based on the commonalities of various forms of literature and art, this paper offered an insight into Chinese architecture in light of poetic and pictorial expression of traditional Chinese literati. In order to illuminate the corresponding connection between traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings, and Chinese architecture, this paper discussed the expression of Chinese architecture corresponding to the essence of traditional Chinese poetry, calligraphy and paintings respectively from the perspective of philosophy, aesthetics, and culture study of Chinese architecture. Via analogous analysis, which includes the analogy between the emotion of architecture and the feelings in traditional poetry, the analogy between the order of architecture and the spirit of calligraphy, and the analogy between the artistic conception and the picturesque scene, the poetic and pictorial expression of Chinese architecture was clarified. This paper emphasized that Chinese architecture needs to jump out of the concrete image, eradicate the interdisciplinary boundaries, and stress the integration of arts and humanities in a higher level, to express Chinese architecture in a Chinese way. That means making Chinese architecture modern in forms and techniques, and traditional in spirit and artistic conception.

Isolation and characterization of an ERF-B3 gene associated with flower abnormalities in non-heading Chinese cabbage

BrcERF-B3 gene, a member of ethylene-responsive factor family, was screened from a mutant plant in non-heading Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis） by cDNA-AFLP technology. We got full length cDNA of two BrcERF-B3 genes by homology-based cloning from two materials and found that their nucleotide sequences were the same by sequencing. The BrcERF-B3 protein, belonging to the B3 subgroup of the ERF subfamily, shared a close relationship with B. rapa. RT-PCR result showed that BrcERF-B3 expressed only in mutant stamen rather than maintainer stamen. qRT-PCR results indicated that BrcERF-B3 expressed highly during reproductive growth development and in the early of mutant buds, suggesting BrcERF-B3 might be involved in the formation of abnormal flower in mutant. What＇s more, the expression of BrcERF-B3 was more significant to ABA, Me JA and cold stresses in mutant than in maintainer and was down-regulated in NaCl treatment in two lines, implying BrcERF-B3 might be different roles in biotic and abiotic stresses.

Expression profiling-based clustering of healthy subjects recapitulates classifications defined by clinical observation in Chinese medicine

Differences between healthy subjects and associated disease risks are of substantial interest in clinical medicine. Based on clinical presentations, Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） classifies healthy people into nine constitutions： Balanced, Qi, Yang or Yin deficiency, Phlegm-dampness, Damp-heat, Blood stasis, Qi stagnation, and Inherited special constitutions. In particular, Yang and Yin deficiency constitutions exhibit cold and heat aversion, respectively. However, the intrinsic molecular characteristics of unbal- anced phenotypes remain unclear. To determine whether gene expression-based clustering can reca- pitulate TCM-based classification, peripheral blood mononudear cells （PBMCs） were collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang/Yin deficiency （n = 12 each） and Balanced （n = 8） constitutions, and global gene expression profiles were determined using the Affymetrix HC-UI33A Plus 2.0 array. Notably, we found that gene expression-based classifications reflected distinct TCM-based subtypes. Consistent with the clinical observation that subjects with Yang deficiency tend toward obesity, series-clustering analysis detected several key lipid metabolic genes （diacylglycerol acyltransferase （DGAT2）, acyl-CoA synthetase （ACSL1）, and ATP-hinding cassette subfamily A member 1 （ABCAI）） to be down- and up- regulated in Yin and Yang deficiency constitutions, respectively. Our findings suggest that Yin]Yang deficiency and Balanced constitutions are unique entities in their mRNA expression profiles. Moreover, the distinct physical and clinical characteristics of each unbalanced constitution can be explained, in part, by specific gene expression signatures.

Generation and analysis of 113 adult stage Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) expressed sequence tags

To rapidly and economically obtain knowledge about adult stage Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) expressed genes using expressed sequence tag (EST) Methods A directional cDNA library constructed from Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain ) adult stage RNA was used to generate expressed sequence tags(ESTs) These were compared against an EMBL parasites database and GENBANK database by BLASTn and BLASTx Results A total of 314 phage clones were randomly selected for generating expressed sequence tags(ESTs) From these clones, 132 EST quality sequence were obtained Among these EST quality sequences,113 ESTs were successfully submitted to the dbEST at GenBanK A total of 7 6% of these EST quality sequences were previously identified sequence of Schistosoma japonicum, while 4 5% were putatively identified sequences of Schistosoma japonicum A total of 23 5% of these EST quality sequences were putatively identified sequence of Schistosoma mansoni or other organisms 57 6% had no matches in the database and were classified as unknown sequences Most ESTs with the putative protein identified belonged to housekeeping proteins Information about several interesting genes was found Conclusion Partial cDNA sequencing to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has the potential to rapidly and economically increase our knowledge about adult stage Schistosoma japonicum(Chinese strain) expressed genes