Fast tracking alien gene discovery by molecular markers in a late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4'

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait of Chinese cabbage with late flowering being a primary breeding objective.In our previous work,we obtained Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines that contained several beneficial cabbage genes.Cabbage-specific molecular markers show that these genes were coming from chromosome C01 of cabbage.In this study,we investigated the inheritance of flowering time in a couple of translocation lines and analyzed the transmission rate of molecular markers in the offspring.Consequently,we obtained the late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4’in which the flowering time was later than that of‘85–1’by about 7 days under 4-week vernalization.Based on previous studies of the genomes of Chinese cabbage and cabbage,we located the cabbage-specific molecular markers that were closely linked at the top of the chromosome A01 in the F2mapping population generated by self-crossing F1s derived from a cross between the translocation line‘AT7–4’and Chinese cabbage‘14–36’.Five flowering-related genes in the alien fragment were found by functional annotation and their molecular markers were developed.This study lays the foundation for the future improvement of Chinese cabbage varieties using A-C translocation lines.

Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage(B.campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.parachinensis L.H.Bailey)-Chinese Kale(B.oleracea L.var.alboglabra L.H.Bailey)

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid (AAC, 2n = 3x = 29) was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 (tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40) × B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 (diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18) by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines (AA + C2, AA + C3, AA + C4, AA + C6, AA + C7) were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC × AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents.

Inheritance and Practice of Chinese Traditional Flower Arrangement——A Case Study of Huizhou Engineering Vocational College

Taking Huizhou Engineering Vocational College as an example,the inheritance and practice of Chinese traditional flower arrangement was expounded from three aspects of base and achievements,prospects,appreciation and analysis of teacher's works.

Development of Chinese Traditional Philosophy and Ancient Flower Arrangement Art

Traditional philosophical thoughts have different connotations in different historical periods in China. Affected by it, the flower arrangement art has produced different artistic styles: religious flower of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, courtyard flower in the Sui and Tang dynasties, concept flower and mental imagery flower in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and new concept flower, literati flower, pictographic flower and scenery description flower in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Chinese Flowers and Meanings

Chinese flowers represent the natural nectar that brings growth, fulfillment and new, prosperous beginnings into our lives. In Feng Shui, many flowers are utilized for good fortune and success. tThe reason being that in general, healthy flowering plants manifest energy. rTherefore, flowers as symbols are representative of that same flourishingflow of strong energy.Additionally, flowersconvey beauty, grace, and perfection. They are also excellent symbols of love, adoration, and unity.Just as the flower blooms,so does our intellect and spirit when we focus our attention on the endless beauty and potential that we posses.

Xinji Wall Hanging,a Flower of Chinese Folk Art

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Studies on the Dynamics of Endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the Shoot Apex of Chinese Pine in Relation to Male Cone Bud Initiation

The endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the shoot apices of 8-year-old Chinese pines, flowered, non-flowered and non-flowered but treated with GA4/7 were analyzed by GC-MS-SIM.The results demonstrated that GA3 and GA9 levels were obviously higher in flowered plants than in non-flowered. A peak value of GA3 in flowered plants occurred after appearance of the earliest auxiliary bud primorda which had the possibility of transforming into male cone bud primordia and before the morphological initiation of male cone bud primordia. Exogenously applied GA4/7 could enhance the endogenous GA3 and GA9, this may benefit the promotion of male cone buds in Chinese pine. The relations among ex-ogenously applied GA4/7 endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the shoot apices, and the initiation of male cone bud are discussed.

Fish Swimming amid Falling Flowers中的中国绘画元素

中国传统文化传播深刻影响了欧美诗人的诗歌创作,如霍华德·奈莫洛夫受中国传统绘画《落花游鱼图》的影响创作了美国现代诗歌Fish Swimming amid Falling Flowers。霍华德·奈莫洛夫受中国传统绘画的影响主要体现在诗歌创作中对物象移用、意境营造、重返自然、诗意栖居、万物相融、和谐共存的哲思。

盘扣及其在服装中的应用

盘扣为服装服饰品之一,是一种中国结。针对盘扣分类及其在服装中的应用技术理论研究较少的问题,详细分析了盘扣分类以及直盘扣和花盘扣的制作工艺,总结了盘扣的制作技术要点及其在服装中的应用,提出盘扣在服装中的实践应用技巧。盘扣最直观的特点体现在盘扣样式上,不同特点的盘扣应用在不同造型的服装上可直接体现出服装造型风格及艺术特点。设计师借助盘扣的应用特点,可设计出精美、具有创新性的服装款式。文章归纳了盘扣在服装中的应用范围,可为盘扣在服装中的设计及应用提供理论依据。

优质同源四倍体菜心新材料的创制及特性分析

为获得优质的菜心同源四倍体新材料,本研究采用0.2%(W/V)的秋水仙素溶液点滴二倍体菜心LCX017幼苗子叶生长点,通过形态学、解剖学、细胞学以及流式细胞仪等方式鉴定到诱导成功的同源四倍体植株,并对二、四倍体的农艺性状、营养品质、光合特性等方面进行分析比较。结果表明,形态学与农艺性状方面,四倍体植株在叶片、花器官、种荚等方面表现出“巨大性”,叶宽、叶厚增大,菜薹直径变粗,重量增大;解剖学方面,四倍体叶片气孔相对二倍体更大,气孔密度降低;花粉粒相比二倍体变大且呈现棒状或橄榄状;细胞学方面,四倍体植株的根尖染色体数目是二倍体的2倍;流式细胞仪鉴定结果显示,四倍体的DNA荧光强度是二倍体的2倍;营养品质方面,相较于二倍体,四倍体植株中可溶性糖、纤维素、有机酸以及叶绿素含量显著上升,硝态氮含量下降22.92%,可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化;此外,结合光响应曲线分析发现,四倍体在强光和弱光条件下的适应能力均强于二倍体。综上,本研究成功诱导出了优质的同源四倍体菜心新材料,丰富了不结球白菜的种质资源。

电生理快速定量菜心杂种优势

本研究以温室培养的14个品种的菜心为材料,测定了饱水与不饱水状态下菜心的基本电生理参数,并基于能斯特(Nernst)方程计算得到叶片相对持水量(LIWHC)、叶片胞内水分转移速率(LIWTR)、叶片胞内持水时间(LIWHT)、叶片营养主动传输能力(NAT)、叶片营养被动传输能力(NPT)、耐低营养能力(RLN)、营养利用效率(NUE)和植物相对代谢活力(MA)等电生理指标,探究其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,杂交50的胞内水分传输效率均显著低于其他品种的菜心,其RLN和NUE值则显著高于其他品种,但MA则显著高于其他品种。采用隶属函数法对供试品种水分及养分代谢进行综合评价,结果表明,参试的4个品种中,菜心杂交50的综合评价优于其他3个品种。因此,可以通过测定植物的电生理信息来计算水分、养分代谢状况以及植物的相对代谢活力等来鉴定植物的杂种优势。

基于RAD-seq的菜心InDel标记开发及应用

【目的】开发多态性丰富的的InDel分子标记,为菜心育种提供研究基础。【方法】以Chiifu-401-42的基因组序列为模板,利用4份菜心材料的RAD-seq重测序数据,在全基因组范围内鉴定InDel位点。利用生物信息学方法筛选4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性的InDel位点,挑选分布于10条染色体的80个InDel位点设计引物,对55份菜心种质材料进行遗传多样评价。【结果】通过与参考基因组序列比对,在4份菜心材料的重测序数据中共鉴定出84510个InDel位点,其中插入/缺失长度大于5 bp的3609个InDel位点在4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性。挑选80个InDel位点进行PCR扩增验证,58个(72.5%)在4份测序样品中具有多态性,在55份菜心种质材料中检测到133个等位位点,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.263~0.618,平均值为0.443。基于InDel标记的检测结果可知,55份菜心种质的遗传相似系数在0.366~0.756,平均值为0.570;在遗传相似系数为0.564时55份菜心种质被分为4个类群,但各类群间的耐热性没有明显差异。【结论】本研究开发的InDel标记具有良好的多态性,能有效地揭示不同菜心种质材料间的遗传距离,可为菜心遗传种质分析、新品种选育等方面提供可利用的标记信息。

基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统

【目的】为实现设施菜心生产环境的实时监控和精准调控,设计一种基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统。【方法】采用物联网设备实时监测菜心各生长阶段(种子发芽期、叶片生长期、菜薹形成期)的环境因子(空气温度、土壤温度、土壤湿度和土壤电导率),将参数的监测值与适宜范围进行对比,获得各环境因子的偏差及变化率。管控模型利用模糊推理与定性分析结合的方法优化环境因子控制量,确定环境调控设备的调控决策,达到对环境因子的精准调控。【结果】管理模式对比试验表明:在菜心3个生长阶段,管控系统模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.10、0.17和0.18,平均准确性指标分别为0.78、0.68和0.74;人工管理模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.37、0.41和0.43,平均准确性指标分别为0.31、0.34和0.30。管控系统的平均实时性和准确性与人工管理模式相比分别有62.50%和1.34倍的提升。【结论】管控系统模式实现了菜心生产环境信息的实时获取与精准调控,能帮助用户更好地进行设施菜心的生产管理。

不同施钾处理对甘蓝型油菜菜薹产量和品质的影响

为了探究不同施钾技术对甘蓝型油菜菜薹产量和品质的影响,笔者通过对高钾含量品种(玉油7号)、较高钾含量品种(中双8号)和低钾含量品种(保油10号)进行不同施钾处理,摘取菜薹进行产量和品质指标测定。结果表明,不同施钾处理能提高菜薹产量,玉油7号产量有所增加,但其产量远低于其他2个油菜品种,中双8号在T3处理下菜薹产量最高(20.66 kg·小区^(-1)),保油10号在T8处理下菜薹产量最高(23.30 kg·小区^(-1));中双8号在T1处理下菜薹可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量最高,T3处理下钾含量最高,T4处理下游离氨基酸含量最高,而保油10号在T2处理下综合营养品质最高。高钾含量油菜品种玉油7号不适合作为摘薹品种,中双8号提高施钾量有利于油菜菜薹产量和品质的提高,保油10号在抽薹期追施钾肥有利于菜薹产量的增加,一定范围内提高施钾量也有利于其营养品质的提高。

微生物菌剂对菜心种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探究微生物菌剂对菜心种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,用10种微生物菌剂分别对菜心种子和菜心幼苗进行处理,研究了不同微生物菌剂对菜心种子发芽指数、幼苗生物量、壮苗指数、根系构型和光合色素含量的影响。结果表明,添加外源稀释400倍的微生物菌剂后,菜心种子发芽指数、幼苗壮苗指数、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积和叶绿素(a+b)含量均得到不同程度提高。其中种子发芽指数以内生普里斯特氏菌(T1)处理较高,较清水(CK1)处理高出40.7%;幼苗壮苗指数和根系长度以耐盐芽孢杆菌(T4)处理较高,分别较营养液(CK2)处理高出50.0%和87.7%;根系表面积、根系体积、根系平均直径和叶绿素(a+b)含量以T1处理较高,分别较营养液(CK2)处理高出154.4%、89.7%、13.5%和19.3%,差异显著。隶属函数结果表明,稀释400倍的内生普里斯特氏菌(Priestia endophytica)处理对菜心促生作用最好。

榆林地区引进的18份山药种质资源花期及花序性状比较

为了解不同山药种质花期和花序性状差异,采用形态学观测方法,对从全国多地引进的18份山药种质资源进行了花期及花序性状研究和多样性分析。结果表明,供试材料中,北洋山药、西施山药、毕克齐、铁棍山药、太古山药、黄皮山药所开花为雌花,除北洋山药外都结实结子,其余材料均为雄花,花色全为淡黄色,花期集中在7~8月份,约30 d;各种质间存在不同程度的花期早晚、花期长短差异,根据初花期早晚可将18份种质资源分为早、中、晚花三大类,开花最早的是7月2日的毕克齐和雅安山药,开花最晚的是7月18日的北洋山药,花期最长的是麻山药约30 d,花期最短的是铁棍山药约20 d;花序数、花朵数、花序长等特征因种质而异,雄花与雌花花序性状有显著差异,每节花序数、每序花朵数、花序长的变化范围分别是2~6序、7~22朵、3~10 cm,其中,每节花序数和每序花朵数最多的是细毛山药,最少的是北洋山药;花序长最长的是太古山药,最短的是大和长芋、侯马山药和大白嘴,各种质间花期及花序性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。在进行花期调控和山药品种改良时,可利用毕克齐、雅安山药、铁棍山药和北洋山药的花期特点,作为调控花期的亲本材料;利用细毛山药、北洋山药的花序特性,作为调控花朵数和花期授粉的亲本材料,采用人工杂交或细胞工程技术选育出综合各亲本优良性状的山药新品种。

配施秸秆沼渣有机肥对菜心生长、产量、经济效益的影响

为研究秸秆沼渣有机肥理化特性以及在化肥施用量一致的条件下,配施不同用量秸秆沼渣有机肥对菜心生长、产量、经济效益的影响,采用室内室外相结合的研究方法,以秸秆基沼渣有机肥和70圆叶菜心为供试材料,在对秸秆基沼渣有机肥容重、孔隙度、EC、pH、发芽指数,以及养分含量分析的基础上,以常规施化肥量为对照(CK),设置了15 t·hm^(-2)秸秆沼渣有机肥+300 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥(T1)、22.5 t·hm^(-2)秸秆沼渣有机肥+300 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥(T2)、30.0 t·hm^(-2)秸秆沼渣有机肥+300 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥(T3)共4个处理。结果表明:秸秆沼渣有机肥疏松多孔,呈黄褐色,整体偏碱性;容重为0.29 g·cm^(-3),发芽指数为82.78%。全氮含量为20.29 g·kg^(-1),有机质含量为61.82 g·kg^(-1),是菜心生长的优质有机肥;随着菜心生育期的推进,T2处理株高显著高于CK处理,生长速率由高到低为T2>CK>T3>T1,茎粗的生长速率由高到低为T2>T3>T1>CK;施用秸秆沼渣有机肥处理产量均高于CK处理,T2处理产量显著高于CK处理50.54%,除去用工、平整土地、机械、种子、肥料、农药等投入,施用秸秆沼渣有机肥处理的经济效益均高于CK,T2处理的效益为7.96万元·hm^(-2),与CK处理相比,增加了1.81万元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,T2处理能有效促进菜心的生长,提高菜心产量,产生较高经济效益。

菜薹新品种农丰70天菜心的选育

农丰70天菜心是以Ogura细胞质雄性不育系LN-20为母本,以自交系利农27号为父本配制而成的菜薹(菜心)一代杂种。中熟,播种至初收约40 d(天),株型直立,平均株高30.3 cm,开展度20.0 cm;叶片卵圆形、碧绿色、有光泽,平均叶长24.9 cm,叶宽8.2 cm,叶柄长6.4 cm;菜薹粗壮、匀称,叶柄短,肉质紧实、脆甜,平均薹高27.6 cm,横径2.1 cm,单薹质量68 g,VC含量166.2 mg·kg^(-1),可溶性固形物含量3.0%,粗蛋白含量1.32%;生长势强,抽薹整齐,每667 m^(2)产量1300 kg左右,适宜广东省平原地区种植。

菜薹新品种玉田3号菜心的选育

玉田3号菜心是以Ogu CMS雄性不育系NKY018A1为母本,以自交系B-1-1-3为父本配制而成的晚熟菜薹(菜心)一代杂种。播种至采收春茬50~52 d(天)、秋茬52~54 d(天),株型直立,薹叶柳叶形、墨绿色,花球大,主薹粗壮,肉质紧实、匀称;主薹高约28.3 cm,横径约2.7 cm,单株主薹质量约0.112 kg,每667 m^(2)春茬产量约1 300 kg,秋茬产量约1 600 kg;VC含量318.0 mg·kg^(-1),可溶性糖含量19.1 g·kg^(-1),中抗霜霉病,耐寒性强,适宜广东地区种植,珠江三角洲适播期为10月至12月中旬。