Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) diagnosis and treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer 2018(English version)

Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic principles2.2.1 Colorectal cancer diagnosis2.2.2 Appendix on colorectal cancer imaging staging and diagnosis2.3 Principles of pathological diagnosis2.4 Staging.

Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary lung cancer 2018 (English version)

Contents1. Overview2. Screening and diagnosis2.1 Risk factors for lung cancer2.1.1 Smoking and passive smoking2.1.2 Indoor pollution2.1.3 Indoor radon exposure2.1.4 Outdoor air pollution2.1.5 Occupational factors2.1.6 Family history of lung cancer and genetic susceptibility2.1.7 Other factors.

Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of melanoma 2018(English version)

1. Overview2. Screening and diagnosis2.1 Surveillance and screening of high-risk population2.2 Diagnosis of melanoma2.2.1 Clinical symptoms2.2.2 Imaging diagnosis2.2.3 Laboratory tests2.2.4 Focus biopsy2.3 Pathological diagnosis of melanoma2.3.1 Criteria for pathological diagnosis2.3.2 Standard pathological diagnosis of melanoma2.3.3 Pathological report of melanoma2.4 Clinical diagnostic criteria and route map of melanoma3. Staging4. Treatment4.1 Surgical treatment4.1.1 Wide excision4.1.2 Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).

Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of malignant lymphoma 2018(English version)

1. Overview2. Diagnosis of lymphoma2.1 Clinical manifestations2.2 Physical examination2.3 Laboratory examination2.4 Imaging examination2.4.1 CT2.4.2 MRI2.4.3 PET-CT2.4.4 Ultrasound2.4.5 Isotope bone scan2.5 Other specific examinations2.6 Pathological examinations2.6.1 Morphology2.6.2 IHC2.6.3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)2.6.4 Antigen receptor gene rearrangement of lymphocytes2.6.5 Others.

2016 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,

Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline(updated version)

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),affecting more than seventeen million people around the world.Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed.In the early stage,we have issued"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infected pneumonia(standard version)";now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas:chemoprophylaxis,diagnosis,treatments,and discharge management.We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19,and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach.Recommendations were either strong or weak,or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement.Finally,we issued 34 statements.Among them,6 were strong recommendations for,14 were weak recommendations for,3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement.They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis(including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)agents),diagnosis(including clinical manifestations,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),respiratory tract specimens,IgM and IgG antibody tests,chest computed tomography,chest X-ray,and CT features of asymptomatic infections),treatments(including lopinavirritonavir,umifenovir,favipiravir,interferon,remdesivir,combination of antiviral drugs,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interleukin-6 inhibitors,interleukin-1 inhibitors,glucocorticoid,qingfei paidu decoction,lianhua qingwen granules/capsules,convalescent plasma,lung transplantation,invasive or noninvasive ventilation,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)),and discharge management(including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge).We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose.We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.

Management guidelines for primary lung cancer 2018: Chinese standards in clinical practice

Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary lung cancer 2018 are a set of clinical standards for screening, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China (1). It covers the specialties of epidemiology, radiology, pathology, surgery, medical oncology, radiotherapy, endoscopy, nuclear medicine, and so on. The guidelines are referred to by physicians, medical students and patients, through providing comprehensive and detailed knowledge and recommendations in clinical practice on lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (2020)

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a disorder of breathing during sleep characterized by prolonged partial upper airway obstruction and/or intermittent complete obstruction(obstructive apnea)that disrupts normal ventilation during sleep and normal sleep patterns in chil dren.

儿童流行性感冒中西医结合诊疗指南

儿童是流行性感冒的高发人群及重症病例的高危人群。流行性感冒早期干预,特别是在轻症阶段给予中西医结合的干预措施对疾病的预后具有重要意义。本指南基于文献检索及评价、专家访谈、组内讨论、专家论证会、公开征求意见等制订流程,形成《儿童流行性感冒中西医结合诊疗指南》。此次制订提出指南适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、诊断、治疗,旨在为儿童流行性感冒中西医结合临床实践、诊疗规范和质量评价提供重要参考。

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Herb-Induced Liver Injury

Herb-induced liver injury （HILl） is a type of adverse drug reactions related to using Chinese medicine （CM） or herbal medicine （HM）, and is now a growing segment of drug-induced liver injury （DILl） worldwide. Owing to the complicated compositions and miscellaneous risk factors associated with the clinical usage of CM or HM, it is more challenging to diagnose and manage HILl than DILl. In the present guideline issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM）, the authors present an evidence chain-based workflow with 9 structured judgment criteria for diagnosing HILl. The 3 diagnostic ending points--suspected diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, and confirmed diagnosis--could be reached according to the length of the evidence chain acquired in the structured diagnostic workflow. Either identifying the species of CM or HM or excluding adulterations and toxin contaminants was strongly recommended to improve the level of evidence for a clinical diagnosis of HILl. In addition, the authors report that the improper use of CM, which violates the general law of CM theory, is one of the most important factors that contributes to HILl and should be avoided. By contrast, based on syndrome differentiation, some CM can also be used to treat HILl if used in accordance with the general law of CM theory. Therefore, 9 recommendations are put forward in this guideline.

2019 Chinese clinical guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: updates and insights

Importance:Approximately half of newly-diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cases in the world occur in China,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection being the predominant risk factor.Recently,the guidelines for the management of Chinese HCC patients were updated.Objective:The past decade has witnessed a great improvement in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This study reviews the recommendations in the 2019 Chinese guidelines and makes comparison with the practices from the Western world.Evidence Review:The updated recommendations on the surveillance,diagnosis,and treatment algorithm of HCC in the 2019 Chinese guidelines were summarized,and comparisons among the updated Chinese guidelines,the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases(AASLD)guidelines were made.Findings:Besides imaging and pathological diagnoses,novel biomarkers like the seven-micro-RNA panel are advocated for early diagnoses and therapeutic efficacy evaluation in the updated Chinese guidelines.The China liver cancer(CNLC)staging system,proposed in the 2017 guidelines,continues to be the standard model for patient classification,with subsequent modifications and updates being made in treatment allocations.Compared to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)system,the CNLC staging system employs resection,transplantation,and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)for more progressed HCC.TACE in combination with other regional therapies like ablation or with systemic therapies like sorafenib are also encouraged in select patients in China.The systemic treatments for HCC have evolved considerably since lenvatinib,regorafenib,carbozantinib,ramucirumab and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)were first prescribed as first-line or second-line agents.Conclusions and Relevances:Novel biomarkers,imaging and operative techniques are recommended in the updated Chinese guideline.More aggressive treatment modalities are suggested for more progressed HBV-related HCC in China.

卵巢癌中西医结合诊疗指南

卵巢癌病死率位于女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤之首,严重威胁女性健康。本指南工作组在遵循循证医学原则的基础上,参考国际国内最新临床实践指南制订方法,客观评价卵巢癌中西医结合诊治证据,广泛征求中医学、临床医学、方法学等多学科专家的意见,最终形成本指南,旨在为中西医结合诊治卵巢癌的临床实践提供参考。

《抑郁症中西医结合诊疗指南》制定的思考

规范抑郁症中西医结合诊疗,发挥中西医结合治疗优势,是困扰神志病领域中西医结合工作的难题。通过规范抑郁症中西医结合循证和标准化工作,制定和发布《抑郁症中西医结合诊疗指南》(以下简称《指南》),形成系统的中西医结合治疗方案,为临床提供客观、具体、且可操作的建议,从而指导临床实践。本文从制定背景、亮点、总结和展望等方面对《指南》进行解读,解释相关问题,从而加强《指南》的落地、实践与推广。

女性盆腔炎性疾病中西医结合诊治指南

盆腔炎性疾病(Pelvic inflammatory disease,PID)是指女性上生殖道的一组感染性疾病,包括子宫内膜炎、输卵管炎、输卵管卵巢脓肿、盆腔腹膜炎。炎症可以局限于一个部分,也可以同时累及几个部位。严重的PID可引起弥漫性腹膜炎、败血症、感染性休克,甚至危及生命。若PID未接受及时彻底的治疗可转为盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(Sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease,SPID),主要包括慢性盆腔痛、PID反复发作、不孕和输卵管妊娠,严重影响了育龄期女性的身心健康。盆腔炎性疾病多归属于中医学“妇人腹痛”“带下病”和“癥瘕”等范畴,盆腔炎性疾病后遗症多归属于中医学“妇人腹痛”“带下病”“癥瘕”和“不孕”等病证范畴。

基于德尔菲法确定《子宫腺肌病中西医结合诊疗指南》的临床问题

目的:基于德尔菲法形成《子宫腺肌病中西医结合诊疗指南》的临床问题,形成子宫腺肌病的规范性、实用性中西医结合诊疗指南。方法:基于德尔菲法,结合前期文献研究结果,采用问卷星编制调查问卷,向全国13个省(市、自治区)的34名专家进行两轮函询。结果:两轮德尔菲法均发放34份问卷,问卷回收率为100%,两轮函询积极系数均为100%,权威系数均>0.70,变异系数分别为0.00~0.38、0.13~0.37,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.229、0.100(P<0.05);共形成了30个临床问题,凝练后最终形成10个必须在指南中形成推荐意见或说明的临床问题。结论:本研究通过两轮德尔菲法调查确定了需要纳入《子宫腺肌病中西医结合诊疗指南》的临床问题,为指南的后续制定工作奠定了良好基础。

老年性骨质疏松症中西医结合诊疗指南

随着我国人口老龄化日益严重,老年性骨质疏松症已成为严重影响老年人群健康的慢病之一。中西医结合治疗可以取长补短、优化诊疗方案、提高诊疗效果,近年来在老年性骨质疏松症的临床和科研中的应用越来越广。为了更好地规范中西医结合疗法在老年性骨质疏松症诊疗中的应用,中华中医药学会骨质疏松防治发展共同体联合浙江中医药大学附属第二医院,依据循证医学标准,组织多学科专家形成指南制订专家组,经过指南立项与注册、临床问题筛选与确定、证据检索及评价、推荐意见形成等流程,制订老年性骨质疏松症中西医结合诊疗指南。该指南涵盖了老年性骨质疏松症中西医结合诊断及治疗,旨在规范和提高我国老年性骨质疏松症中西医结合的临床诊疗水平,保障我国老年人群的健康。

肝细胞癌国内外临床实践指南的比较与解读

肝细胞癌为最常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤,其严重危害着国人的健康,给国家卫生医疗资源带来了极大的负担。肝癌临床诊疗行为规范化有助于改善肝癌患者管理及治疗效果。各国和各地区肝癌专家组织将结合最新循证医学证据,定期制定和更新相关诊疗指南,为规范和指导肝癌临床实践发挥积极作用,中国原发性肝癌诊疗指南、中国临床肿瘤学会(Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology,CSCO)原发性肝癌诊疗指南、美国肝病研究学会(American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,AASLD)指南、美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)肝癌临床实践指南、欧洲肝脏研究学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)肝癌临床实践指南以及日本肝病学会(Japan Societyof Hepatology,JSH)肝细胞癌临床实践指南分别为东西方肝癌领域内具有代表性和影响力的诊疗指南。六部指南因参与制定专家不同、面向人群地区不同以及证据来源不同,亦有若干相同点与不同点,该文拟从肝细胞癌的筛查、预防、诊断、治疗、随访及监测等方面进行多维度的比较分析,旨在为中国肝癌的规范化诊治提供有益参考。

中西医结合神经根型颈椎病诊断与非手术治疗指南(2023年)计划书

神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR)是中西医结合医学的常见优势病种之一,但现有的CSR指南/共识均未提供与CSR中西医结合诊疗相关的建议。为帮助不同医学体系下的从业者更好地进行CSR中西医结合诊疗决策,亟需制订基于循证医学证据的临床实践指南。本指南计划书介绍了项目组遵照循证指南制订的原则、方法制订《中西医结合神经根型颈椎病诊断与非手术治疗指南(2023年)》的各个关键环节,旨在为科学制订本指南提供指导性和纲要性的实施方案,促进本指南规范、高效、透明化开展。

儿童变应性鼻炎中西医结合诊疗指南

基于文献检索及评价、专家访谈、组内讨论、专家论证会、公开征求意见等制订流程,形成《儿童变应性鼻炎中西医结合诊疗指南》。此次制订提出指南适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、诊断、治疗,旨在为儿童变应性鼻炎中西医结合临床实践、诊疗规范和质量评价提供重要参考。

儿童鼻鼽中医诊疗指南(修订)

在完成文献检索评级、综述总结撰写的基础上,通过专家调查问卷及专家论证会、公开征求意见等步骤形成《儿童鼻鼽中医诊疗指南(修订)》。修订内容主要包含指南适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语定义、诊断、辨证、治疗、预防和调护建议等,旨在突出临床实用性,为合理、规范应用中医药进行儿童鼻鼽防治提供关键的理论与实践指导。