Pharmacokinetics of Two Ingredients of the Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Transdermal Preparation in Cows

The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The transdermal preparation was applied to the diseased part of breast. Then the plasma and milk samples were collected respectively at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h, The concentrations of baicalin and phillyrin in plasma and milk were determined by HPLC and the data of time-concentrations were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic software. The results showed that two ingredients in the plasma were not detectable, but they in the milk had linear relationship with the time. The peak concentration of baicalin [（2.84 ±0.15）μg mL^-1] appeared at （4.93 ± 0.35） h, AUC0.1OQ was （27.32 ± 7.91） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （28.31 ±0.49） h. The peak concentration of phillyrin [（0.49 ± 0.41） μg mL^-1] achieved at （3.68 ± 3.14） h, AUC0-LOQ was （4.10± 0.31） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （14.52 ± 0.02） h. These suggested that two ingredients had slow absorbing speed and high absorbing degree. They could not be eliminated in a short time, thus exerted the topical curative effect.

Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment.Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke,and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways,thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology.We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.

Effects of Nano Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additive on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Disease Resistance of Chickens

[Objectives]To explore the effects of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive on growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.[Methods]Chickens were fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive developed by Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology,including 120 chickens in the treatment group and 120 chickens in the control group(CK).The growth performance indices(body weight gain,feed to gain ratio and slaughter index),meat quality indices(pH value,color,drip loss,shear force)and disease resistance indices(morbidity and mortality)of the chickens in the treatment and CK groups were recorded and determined,respectively.[Results]The inclusion of 2%nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet significantly increased the growth rate,reduced the feed-to-gain ratio and improved the meat quality of the chickens.Supplementing Chinese herbal medicine could increase the pH value and reduce the drip loss and shear force of chicken meat.At the same time,the body's immune function,antioxidant level and resistance against diseases of the chickens fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive were improved.[Conclusions]The inclusion of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet can improve the growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Compound Preparation on Viral Diseases in Poultry

[Objective] To develop a new antiviral agent with high and long efficacy, wide spectrum, low toxicity and low cost from traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their compound. [ Method] The ＂Quxie＂ （ i. e. eliminating pathogenic factors） drugs including Hedyotis diffusa and Loni- cera japonica and ＂Fuzheng＂ （ i. e. strengthening body resistance） drugs including Radix astragali and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were taken to form an antiviral herbal compound preparation. Taking the astragalus polysaccharide monomer as control, the experiment was constructed by using the agent to treat some naturally occurring viral diseases, including Newcastle disease （ND）, infectious bursal disease （IBD）, duck viral hepatitis （DVH）, avian influenza （Al） H9 subtype and avian swollen head syndrome. [Ressult] The effective rates of the agent for treatment of the above- mentioned diseases were 87%, 87%, 69%, 100% and 100%, respectively, which were higher than that of astragalus polysaccharide monomer. The cure rates for these diseases were 33%, 37%, 13%, 69% and 75%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of astragalus polysacchadde monomer （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The rates of poor therapeutic efficacy were 15%, 21%, 24%, 6% and 7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of astragalus polysaccharide monomer （P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Condusion] The Chinese herbal compound preparation shows good therapeutic effects on some avian viral diseases, which can decrease mortality rate and improve production performance of poultry more greatly than astragalus polysaccharide monomer.

Discussion on the Quality Evaluation Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Preparations

As an important representative of the modernization of the Chinese medicine industry,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compound preparations are an indispensable part of the development of TCM.The complex ingredients and unclear action mechanism of TCM compound preparations restrict the development of TCM.In line with this problem,the modern TCM research has made extensive remarkable achievements.From the single indicator in the past to multiple indicator,the research on the combination of TCM fingerprints and pharmacodynamics also has made great progress.The introduction of quality evaluation methods such as the"quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker","dose-effect"indicator,"Bioactive Equivalent Combinatorial Components"(BECCs)and TCM quality markers have brought new ideas for quality control of TCM compound preparations.

Effects of Fermented Nano Chinese Herbal Medicines Replacing Antibiotics on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[Objectives]To study the effects of fermented nano Chinese herbal medicines replacing antibiotics on the production performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.[Methods]200 healthy and disease-free Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire(DLY)growing-finishing pigs with similar birth time(45±2 d)and body weight of about 31.5 kg were randomly divided into group A(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet),group B(fed with antibiotic basal diet),group C(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.1%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation),group D(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.3%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation)and group E(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.5%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation).The experiment lasted for 90 d.At the end of the experiment,the production performance and carcass indicators were measured.[Results]Compared with group A,the final weight,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with group B,the ADG of group E was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the F/G was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the slaughter rate and carcass length of pigs in groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with group B,the slaughter rate of groups D and E was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation has better effects in promoting growth than that of antibiotic additives,and it can significantly improve the carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.

Research Status of Serum Pharmacology and Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine has become a more accurate and rapidly developing reasonable way to analyze the effective material basis of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. Through this method, we can select very complex Chinese medicine components and clarify the effective substances consistent with the main functions, and then separate and purify effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, so as to explain the material basis of the drug effect and prove the rationality and principle of action of Chinese medicine compounds. It can show the multi-component and multi-target characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine, and after analyzing the migrating components of serum, we can explore the direct effective substances that act on the patient’s body, so as to accelerate and accurately complete the in-depth study of the effective substances of Chinese medicine.

Application of Mathematical Models in the Research of Chinese Herbal Compound Prescriptions

With the interdisciplinary development of multiple disciplines,mathematical models play a role as a bridge in the research process of Chinese herbal compounds,which can make full use of the interrelationships of knowledge,making the research and use of Chinese herbal compounds from complex and cumbersome to simple.This paper reviewed the research and application of mathematical models in the production and preparation,pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics and other aspects of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions,providing a theoretical basis for the development of the modern Chinese medicine industry.

The Characterization of Steam Distillation as an Extraction Method to Extract Volatile Compounds from <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>and the Investigation of Their Anti-Tumorous Effect

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial plant which is widely grown around the world. It has been widely used as a medicinal treatment for generations. Previous studies showed extracts from this plant had a wide range of therapeutic efficacy, including anti-tumorous effect. However, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) extracted from it were rarely explored. This paper reports on the characterization of a steam distillation process to extract VOCs in PV and also the anti-tumorous effects of the PV distillate using the tetrazolium-based Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) as the test agent, when the VOCs were used to treat oral squamous cancer cells, SSC154. It was found that most abundant VOCs came out steadily and continuously for as long as the duration of the steam extraction could extend. However, some compounds such as benzaldehyde did show depletion as the distillation process progressed, while some compounds such as caryophyllene oxide was only sparsely found at the beginning of distillation. The PV distillate was mildly effective in its cytotoxicity to cancer cells SCC154, in a dosage dependent manner.

复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标的影响。选取520日龄健康、体质量接近的绿壳蛋乌鸡560羽,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复方中草药制剂,试验期45 d。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率、绿壳蛋破损率有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组平均蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组平均产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋破损率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重、蛋白高度、蛋黄水分含量、蛋黄指数及哈氏单位有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋蛋白高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋水分含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄指数显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋哈氏单位显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLO)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)有显著影响,其中Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组血清TP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清GLO含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清ALT活性显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清TC和TG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂能改善绿壳蛋乌鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标,且以1.0%添加量的复方中草药制剂效果最佳。

菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响,为复方中草药在断奶仔猪生产上的应用提供理论依据。试验采用单因素随机化设计,选用健康、体重相近的(28±2)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的菌酶协同发酵复方中草药。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),平均日采食量和料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白蛋白(ALB)和总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著升高(P<0.05),1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清生长激素(GH)和胃泌素(GAS)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清皮质醇(COR)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 3)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 4)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药能够提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和抗氧化能力,提高血清生长相关激素含量。本试验条件下,饲粮中菌酶协同发酵复方中草药适宜添加水平为1.0%。

中药复方制剂对奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌体外抑菌活性及治疗效果评价

为探究中药复方制剂对奶牛乳房炎病原菌抑菌活性、临床疗效及免疫功能开展了本试验。根据中医辨证理论,将蒲公英、紫花地丁、金银花、丝瓜络等15味中草药自拟4个复方,以临床型奶牛乳房炎样品分离鉴定的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌为受试株进行体外抑菌试验。将30头患病奶牛分成3个组,选用抑菌作用较强的复方IV进行临床治疗试验,分别为高剂量组(40mL)、中剂量组(30mL)和低剂量组(20mL),并设健康组作为阴性对照。检测乳体细胞数和乳清ALT、AST、LDH、SA及淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)、嗜中性粒细胞吞噬力。结果表明,中药复方IV对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌的MIC值为31.25mg/mL,抑菌活性优于复方Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ;临床治疗试验显示,高、中、低三个剂量组对临床型奶牛乳房炎有效率分别为93.3%、85.7%、78.6%,治愈率分别为80%、78.6%、71.4%;治疗组给药7d后体细胞数、乳酶及白蛋白含量均极显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),其中高、中剂量组显著低于低剂量组(P<0.05);治疗后各组淋巴细胞刺激指数及嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率均极显著高于治疗前(P<0.01),而高剂量组嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01),显著高于中剂量组(P<0.05),与健康组比较无显著差异。综合表明,中药复方IV对奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌有较强的抑菌活性,临床治疗效果良好;能修复乳腺上皮细胞,降低体细胞数,提高患病奶牛免疫机能。

复方中草药添加剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清免疫指标的影响。选取24月龄中国荷斯坦奶牛60头,随机分为4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复5头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、200、400 g/d复方中草药添加剂的饲粮,试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛平均日产奶量(P<0.05),显著降低泌乳奶牛料奶比(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛乳蛋白水平(P<0.05),显著降低牛奶中体细胞数(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),显著降低泌乳奶牛血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳奶牛饲粮中添加复方中草药添加剂可以提高奶牛生产性能,改善奶牛乳品质及机体免疫功能,综合考虑经济成本,复方中草药添加剂的推荐剂量为200 g/d。

复方中草药对兔生长性能和肠道健康的影响

为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每组36只,试验周期为42 d。每周测定各组兔的采食量和体增重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);试验第21、42天,每组随机选择4只健康兔,采血分离血清,检测生化指标和免疫指标;试验结束(第42天),收集兔小肠肠段,通过ELISA检测小肠黏膜消化酶活性和抗氧化指标,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色观察小肠绒毛形态,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测紧密连接蛋白mRNA的相对表达量,高通量测序分析盲肠微生物多样性。结果显示,两组间ADFI、ADG和F/G均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,中草药组兔血清中总胆固醇(Tchol)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);在试验第42天时,中草药组兔血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中消化酶(α-淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05);空肠中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);空肠绒毛长度(V)显著增长(P<0.05),隐窝深度(C)显著降低(P<0.05),绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);十二指肠中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),回肠中膜周蛋白(ZO-1)和Occludin mRNA相对表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);盲肠内容物细菌16S rRNA基因的菌群丰富度指数(Chaol)丰度值显著升高(P<0.05);盲肠在属水平分类上的主要优势菌群为梭菌属(Clostridiales)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等。结果表明,兔日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂能增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,维持肠道黏膜形态的完整,提高肠道消化酶活性,改善肠道菌群。

复方中草药对三穗麻鸭鸭坦布苏病毒净化后核心群生产性能及免疫指标的影响

为了开展三穗麻鸭鸭坦布苏病毒(Duck Tembusu virus,DTMUV)的净化及探索净化后复方中草药对核心群生产性能及免疫指标的影响,试验采集胎粪、血液、泄殖腔棉拭子、蛋清样本共170573份,应用ELISA、PCR方法进行鸭坦布苏病毒抗原检测。依据检测结果淘汰阳性鸭,结合禽病的综合防控措施,实施5个世代鸭坦布苏病毒净化方案,建立鸭坦布苏病毒核心净化群,并测定其繁殖性能指标(产蛋率、受精率、孵化率、雏鸭成活率、育成率)。在净化后4世代,从核心群中挑选7日龄三穗麻鸭共120只,分为4组,分别为低、中、高剂量组及对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。低、中、高剂量组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的复方中草药,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,连续饲喂30 d后测定其生产性能指标(平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、平均终末体重、平均产蛋量)及免疫指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]。结果表明:经过5个世代净化,三穗麻鸭鸭坦布苏病毒抗原阳性率由0世代的5.11%下降至4世代的0;与0世代相比,产蛋率、受精率、孵化率、雏鸭成活率、育成率分别增加21.53%、11.06%、2.87%、3.95%、5.38%。高剂量组三穗麻鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量、平均终末体重、平均产蛋量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量组IgA、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6的质量浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);中、高剂量组IgG、IgM的质量浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低剂量组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明该方案净化效果良好,在基础日粮中添加0.3%复方中草药可提高三穗麻鸭生产性能与机体免疫功能。

39味中药及其复方对鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌体外抑菌试验研究

试验旨在筛选抑制鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)O78地方流行株的有效中药。采用打孔法测定39味中药及其复方对APEC的抑菌效果,使用二倍稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:39味中药中有9味中药对APEC有一定的抑菌效果,其中五味子、洛神花和黄柏对APEC高度敏感,MIC依次为31.25、31.25、500 mg/mL,MBC依次为62.5、125、500 mg/mL;蒲公英、红花和石榴皮中度敏感,MIC与MBC均大于或等于500 mg/mL;丹皮、何首乌和荷叶低度敏感;其余中药无抑菌效果。复方中五味子+洛神花配伍药效最好,MIC与MBC分别为31.25 mg/mL与125 mg/mL。说明在39味中药中五味子、黄柏、洛神花和复方五味子+洛神花(1∶1)对APEC有比较好的体外抑菌能力。

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学探讨中药复方治疗抑郁症的用药规律与作用机制

【目的】探讨临床中药复方治疗抑郁症的核心药物及其抗抑郁分子机制。【方法】通过中国知网、万方数据和维普网检索相关文献,筛选并整理临床使用的中药复方。通过分析用药频率和中药关联规则,确定柴胡、白芍和郁金为治疗抑郁症的核心中药。利用TCMSP数据库筛选核心药物的活性成分及靶蛋白,并从TTD、OMIM、DrugBank和GeneCards中获取抑郁症相关靶点。通过STRING和Cytoscape数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质互作(PPI)网络和“核心药物-活性成分-交集靶点”网络,利用Metascape进行基因本体论(GO)富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。分子对接分析使用RCSB数据库、AutoDockTools和PyMOL,验证关键活性成分与核心靶标的结合活性。【结果】临床中药复方治疗抑郁症的药物以寒性、甘味、苦味和辛味为主,归经以肝经为首。柴胡、白芍和郁金用药频次最高,且“白芍-柴胡”和“郁金-白芍-柴胡”组合支持度最高。PPI网络中,SLC6A4、AKT1和CHRNA4为关键靶点。GO富集分析表明,核心药物通过化学突触传递等生物过程以及G蛋白偶联受体活性等分子功能,在突触膜等部位发挥作用。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,核心药物可能通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用、钙信号通路等治疗抑郁症。分子对接证实关键活性成分与核心靶标间有强结合活性。【结论】柴胡、白芍和郁金是临床治疗抑郁症的核心中药,其可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗抑郁症。

小球藻粉替代鱼粉下复方中草药对大口黑鲈肌肉品质的影响

研究探讨了小球藻替代鱼粉下,不同剂量的复方中草药(Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound,CHMC)对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肌肉品质的影响。实验在大口黑鲈基础饲料配方中,以小球藻粉完全替代其中的鱼粉,并随后以2%、4%和6%水平分别添加复方中草药汤剂于小球藻粉替代组中,制作成等氮(CP:52%)等脂(CL:10%)的五组实验饲料,分别记为FM、CM、CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组。将健康的大口黑鲈225尾[均重(100.20±0.29)g]随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾,分别投喂以上5种实验饲料,饲养时间80d。结果表明:(1)CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈侧线部皮肤亮度值(L*)均显著高于FM与CM组(P<0.05),且CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉黄色度值(b*)均显著高于CM组(P<0.05)。(2)CMH2、CMH4和CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉粗脂肪含量均显著低于FM与CM组(P<0.05),肌肉粗蛋白、水分和粗灰分含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)CMH6组大口黑鲈肌肉风味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和总氨基酸含量均显著高于FM组和CM组(P<0.05),CMH4组大口黑鲈肌肉C16:1n-7脂肪酸水平显著高于CM组(P>0.05)。(4)鱼体肌肉内聚性、弹性及滴水损失在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但随复方中草药添加量的上升,鱼体肌肉硬度、黏附性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、剪切力及pH均显著升高(P<0.05)。(5)CMH4组和CMH6组鱼体肌纤维直径均显著低于CM组(P<0.05),而该中草药组鱼体肌纤维密度均显著高于CM组(P<0.05)。(6)大口黑鲈肌肉MyoD与MyoG等生肌调节因子基因相对表达量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但MSTN肌肉生长抑制素基因的相对表达量在CMH6组显著降低(P<0.05)。综上表明,在饲料中添加4%—6%复方中草药改善了小球藻替代鱼粉下大口黑鲈体色与肉色,提高了鱼体肌肉营养成分含量及其肌肉质构,该结果可能与复方中草药抑制了MSTN基因表达从而促进了肌纤维的生长有关。

中草药复方添加剂对蛋雏鸡生长性能、血清免疫因子及肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在探讨以桑叶、女贞子、麦冬、蒲公英及马齿苋配伍而成的中草药复方添加剂对蛋雏鸡生长性能、血清免疫因子及肠道菌群的影响。选取960只1日龄健康、体重相近的海兰褐蛋雏鸡随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复96只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.2%中草药复方添加剂的基础日粮。试验期42 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋雏鸡22~42日龄平均日增重提高8.53%(P<0.05),平均日采食量与料重比降低6.51%与13.50%(P<0.01);1~42日龄平均日增重提高8.68%(P<0.01),料重比与死淘率分别降低10.37%和55.47%(P<0.01);血清免疫因子IFN-γ与IL-2水平提高33.35%和46.37%(P<0.01);试验组盲肠变形菌门丰度降低31.84%(P<0.05),放线菌门丰度升高82.61%(P<0.05),试验组粪杆菌属丰度升高128.08%(P<0.05);脱硫弧菌属丰度降低53.66%(P<0.01)。综上所述,0.2%中草药复方添加剂可促进蛋雏鸡生长,提高血清免疫因子水平,优化蛋雏鸡的盲肠菌群结构组成。

3种中草药水提物及其复配剂的体外抑菌效果研究

为了研究黄芪、甘草和苦豆子3种草药提取物及其复配剂的抑菌效果,试验采用水提法分别制备单剂中草药的提取液,按照L9(3^(4))正交试验设计得到9种不同复配剂,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌作为供试菌进行体外抑菌试验。结果显示,黄芪、甘草和苦豆子单剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均具有一定的抑菌效果,3种不同单剂提取物中,黄芪提取物对3种菌的抑菌效果最优,甘草、苦豆子次之。与单剂相比,3种中草药复配剂整体的抑菌效果均有提升,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌抑菌效果的最佳配比分别为1∶1∶2、2∶2∶1和4∶1∶2。经验证,3种中草药复配剂配比为1∶1∶2时,综合抑菌效果最佳,该复配剂作用大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为15.20、14.10、12.92mm。研究表明,在畜牧生产中,建议黄芪、甘草和苦豆子水提液的复配添加比为1∶1∶2,浓度为0.6、0.6、1.2 g/mL,从而最大限度地发挥中草药的抑菌作用。