Topology and Semantic Information Fusion Classification Network Based on Hyperspectral Images of Chinese Herbs

Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is better at representing the structure of hyperspectral data.This paper proposes a deep learning model called Topology and semantic information fusion classification network(TSFnet)that incorporates a topology structure and semantic information transmis-sion network to accurately classify traditional Chinese medicine in hyperspectral images.TSFnet uses a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract features and a graph convolution network(GCN)to capture potential topological relationships among different types of Chinese herbal medicines.The results show that TSFnet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning classification algorithms in two different scenarios of herbal medicine datasets.Additionally,the proposed TSFnet model is lightweight and can be easily deployed for mobile herbal medicine classification.

Cell-Based Biological Markers for Blood-Enriching Chinese Herbs: Erythropoietin Production in HepG2 Cells and Nitric Oxide Release in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)

Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese herbs, we investigate the effect of 11 commonly used Blood-enriching herbs on erythropoietin (EPO) production in HepG2 cells. Herbs for nourishing Yin were tested for determining the specificity of Blood-enriching herbs in inducing EPO production. In addition, the effects of Blood-enriching herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production in both HepG2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also investigated. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of Blood-enriching herbs (but not Yin-nourishing herbs) showed characteristic pharmacological activity in inducing EPO production in HepG2 cells and NO release in HUVECs. The experimental findings, therefore, support the use of cell-based EPO production and NO release as biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese tonifying herbs.

Long-Term Chinese Herbs Decoction Administration for Management of Hot Flashes Associated with Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Objective：To evaluate the effect of Chinese herbs decoction Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue on endocrine therapy-associated hot flashes symptom in breast cancer patients.Methods：Sixty-six patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy were categorized to two groups,the control group received endocrine therapy alone,the other group is administered with Chinese herbs decoction Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue besides the endocrine therapy：Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue decoction was administered above 6 months per year for more than 2 years.Frequency of hot flashes per day was recorded,and the effect of Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue decoction on hot flashes symptom being assessed with Kupperman Scoring Index.Results：Sixty cases were analyzed,32 cases in endocrine therapy combining Chinese herbs decoction group,28 cases in mere endocrine therapy group.For hot flashes symptom,in Chinese herbs decoction administration group,7 cases（21.9%） reported symptom disappeared,22 cases（68.7%） reported symptom alleviated,3 cases（9.4%） reported symptom not changed;in endocrine therapy alone group,5 cases（17.9%） reported symptom disappeared,13 cases（46.4%） reported symptom alleviated,10 cases（10/28,35.7%） reported symptom not changed.The difference between two groups was statistically significant（P=0.013）.For sleeping disorder,in Chinese herbs decoction administration group,27 cases（84.4%） reported symptom improved,5 cases（15.6%） reported no change;in endocrine therapy alone group,16 cases（57.1%） symptom improved,12 cases（42.9%） reported no change in sleeping disorder（P=0.019）,the difference was also of significance statistically.Conclusion：Long-term Chinese herbs decoction administration remarkably improved hot flashes symptom and sleeping disorder associated with endocrine therapy,meanwhile without definite toxicity and influence on the risk of recurrence of tumor.

Effects of Chinese herbs on lactation of rat and performance of offspring

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different Chinese herbs on lactation in the rat. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley female rats at gestation day 18 were assigned to 9 groups randomly, with 8 rats each. Control rats were offered basal diets until the end of the weaning period. Rats in the other 8 groups were administered diets supplemented with 1% Medulla tetmpanacis （MT）, Astragalus membranacens （AM）, Vaccaria segetalis （VS）, Leonurus heterophyllus sweet （LHS）, Radix rehmarmiae preparata （RRP）, Squama man/t/s （SM）, Schisandra chinensis （SC）, Ligustrum lucidum （LL）, respectively. After parturition, the litter size was culled to 8 pups per dam. Pup weight and milk yield were significantly higher in the VS, LHS, AM and SM groups than these in the control group during middle and late lactation （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The weight and feed intake were not different in the dams fed either diet.

Microdilution inhibition test of Chinese herbs to assess their effect against clinical strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum in vitro

Objective：To explore the antibacterial effect of Chinese crude drugs against clinical strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum（UU）, including eight pure herbs and three compound herbs, and determine their minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs）. Methods：Isolates were collected from clinical patients with UU infection, and cultured in UU broth. In order to test the different effects on clinical strains of UU, the assays were performed by microdilution inhibition tests, and MICs of the herbs against the clinical strains of UU were calculated. Results：The MICs of eight pure herbs against clinical strains of UU were as follows： Galla Chinensis：0.313-1.25 g/L; Fructus Forsythiae： 1.25-5.00 g/L; Cortex Phellodendri： 1.25-5.00 g/L; Radix Paeoniae Rubra： 1.25-2.50 g/L; Semen Plantaginis：2.50-10.00 g/L; Herba Lysimachiae： 5.00-20.00 g/L; Rhizoma Coptidis： 5.00-20.00g/L, Herba Houttuyniae： 10.00-20.00 g/L. The MICs of compound herbs were： Liuheji： 0.625-2.50 g/L; Bazhengsan： 5.00-20.00 g/L; Wulinsan：2.50-20.0 g/L.Conclusion：Galla Chinensis, Fructus Forsythiae, Cortex Phellodendrim, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, and Semen Plantaginis, exerted the stronger antibacterial effect against clinical strains of UU, whereas Herba Lysimachiae, Rhizoma Coptidis and Herba Houttuyniae, had relatively weaker activity against UU. Compound herbs, Bazhengsan and Wulinsan, and particularly Liuheji, also had antibacterial effects against UU. Further studies of the effects and mechanisms of action of Chinese crude drugs against UU infections are worthwhile.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CHINESE HERBS REMEDIES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER

IMMUNITY AND TUMOR Immune system has closely relation to the growth and development of tumor. One of its immune functions is to constantly recognize and kill malignant cells which develop from normal cells. The occurance of tumor indicates to some extent the failure of this "immune serveillance" function. Many studies have shown that the tumor cells of body have some tumor interrelative antigen that dose not exist in normal tissues. Tests in vitro

Effect of Chinese Herbs Bu-shen on PRLR, PR, ER mRNA of Decidue in Bromocriptine-induced Hypoprolac- tin Rat Abortion Model

Objective To explore the effect of Chinese herbs on PRLR, PR, ER mRNA of decidue in Bromocriptine-induced hypoprolactin abortion rat model from gene transcription level, and observe the changes of blood PRL, P, E2.Methods RT-PCR method was taken to analyses the differences of PRLR, PR, ER mRNA in decidue between model group (A group) and model + herbs group (A + H group); RIA was taken to measure the serum levels of PRL, P, E2. Results PRLR, PR mRNA expression in decidue of Group A was significantly lower than the A + H group (P<0. 01) , no difference in ER mRNA expression (P>0. 05); the abortion rate of Group A was 67 %, Group A+H was 17% , the difference was significant; as for the PRL and P level of day 7-1.0, the A group was significantly lower than the A+H group (P<0. 05).Conclusion Bromocriptine could induce abortion by declining the blood PRL, P level and downregulating PRLR, PR mRNA expression in decidue. Chinese herbs might maintain pregnancy by promoting PRL, P secretion and upregulating PRLR, PR mRNA expression in decidue.

Effect of Chinese Herbs Bu-shen on Expression of Pituitary PRL-R and PrRP-R in the Bromocriptine-induced Hypoprolactin Rat Abortion Model

Objective To study the effect of Chinese herbs preparation Bu-shen on pituitary prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRP-R) and prolactin receptor (PRL-R) expression in the bromocriptine-induced rat abortion model Materials & Methods Female SD rats were divided into five groups randomly. Group A,B,C and D were injected with bromocriptine [0. 3 mg/(kg · d)] during the pregnant day 6～ 8, respectively. Group B was given powder of Bu-shen herbs [3 g/(kg · d)]. Group C was injected with prolactin (8 IU) twice a day and Group D with progesterone [(8 mg/kg · d) in the pregnant day 1～ 11. The rats in Group E were normal pregnant rats. All these rats were killed at the pregnant day 12 to observe the expression of PrRP-R, PRL-R from the pituitary using RT-PCR. Results The pregnant rate and total number of litters in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B, C, D and E (P＜0. 01) and the expression of PrRP-R and PRL-R in the pituitary of Group A was higher than that of any other group. Conclusion Preparation Bu-shen plays a regulatory role in the secretion of prolactin possibly via modulating rats' hypothalamus and pituitary.

Effects on SOD, LPO and Micro-elements by Point-Injecting Chinese Herbs into

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Anti-aging properties of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs and potential mechanisms

Aging is the primary risk factor for many neurode-generative diseases.Kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs,including Liu-Wei-Di-Huang,Cornus officinalis and Epimedium,have been reported to show beneficial effects on several aging-related diseases.Based on recent studies,the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects might explain the possible mechanisms of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs on aging and central nervous system disorders.

Prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections by traditional Chinese herbs

Objective This review focuses on current knowledge of traditional Chinese herbs on prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections,especially caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes （SARS） virus,respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） and influenza viruses.Data sources The data used in this review were obtained from PubMed and CNKI up to May 2013.Terms of Chinese herbs and infections of respiratory tract were used in the search.Study selection Articles related that Chinese herbs preventing and treating infections in respiratory tract were retrieved and reviewed.The risk of bias of included studies was assessed by the method in the ＂Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reveiws of Interventionsand studies＂ with high risk of bias were excluded.Four criteria for selections were set as following：randomized controlled trial,particular effective compound or derivative,reproducible result and animal test.Results Infectious respiratory tract diseases cause most mortality among infectious illnesses around the world.As traditional medicines,Chinese herbs have been widely used to deal with diseases for centuries and have been proved effective in practice.The administration of some Chinese herbs stimulates,suppresses or regulates the activity of immune system,thus protecting the respiratory tract or relieving infections of pathogens.Many herbs have remarkable antiviral effects,therefore they are used as substitutes of antimicrobial drugs.Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,mix-using herbs provide a synergistic benefit on preventing and healing respiratory tract infections.Many commercial herbal medicines containing one or more compounds have been successfully applied to prevent and treat viral infections of respiratory tract clinically.Conclusions Traditional Chinese herbs could directly inhibit pathogens infecting respiratory tract,or coordinate the activity of immune system to avoid or relieve infections.With the emergence of antidrug pathogens or new variants,Chinese herbs.give strong evidence to protect human health.

Antifibrotic Effect of the Chinese Herbs Modified Danggui Buxue Decoction(加味当归补血汤)on Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy in Rats

Objective： To investigate the antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs Modified Danggui Buxue Decoction （加味当归补血汤, MDBD） on adraimycin-induced nephropathy in rats. Methods： Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： the control, model, and two treatment groups, with 8 in each group. Nephropathy was induced in the latter 3 groups by intravenous injection of adriamycin. Rats in the two treatment groups received intragastric administration of benazepri （a positive control） or MDBD, which is composed of extracts of Radix Angelicae sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bge and Rhizoma chuanxiong. Serum albumin, blood lipids, 24-h urine protein and urine N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase （NAG） were measured every 2 weeks. The ratio of kidney to body weight was measured. The expressions of extracellular matrix proteins in the renal cortex, including colleagen Ⅳ （Col-Ⅳ） and fibronectin （FN）, were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the transcription of genes encoding transforming growth factor β 1 （TGF-β 1）, the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 1 （TIMP-1） and matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP-9） were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） at the end of the 8-week treatment. Results： Compared with the untreated rats in the model group, MDBD significantly increased serum albumin, lowered the blood lipids and decreased the ratio of kidney to body weight. MDBD significantly reduced the excretion levels of urinary protein and NAG as well as the accumulation of extrecellular matrix （ECM）, including Col-Ⅳ and FN, in the renal cortex. Further, MDBD decreased TIMP-1 and TGF- β 1 gene expressions and increased MMP-9 gene expression in the kidney. Conclusions： MDBD was effective in treating the rat model of nephropathy. The clinical benefit was associated with reduction of renal fibrosis. The antifibrotic effect of MDBD may be mediated through the regulation of TIMP-1, MMP and TGF- β 1 gene expressions.

A Data Mining-Based Study on Medication Rules of Chinese Herbs to Treat Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Objective:To summarize the medication rules of Chinese herbs to treat heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFPEF)based on data mining and to provide references for clinical utilization.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database(Wanfang),VIP database(VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature(CBM),PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to October 2021 to identify relevant literature on treating HFPEF with Chinese herbs.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to set up a database,and then,association rule analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed by using apriori algorithm and hclust function respectively in R-Studio(Version 4.0.3).Results:A total of 182 qualified papers were included,involving a total of 92 prescriptions,130 Chinese herbs,and 872 individual herbs prescribed,with an average of 9.5 herbs per prescription.The six most frequently prescribed herbs were Astragali Radix(Huangqi),Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma(Danshen),Poria(Fuling),Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma(Gancao),Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi),and Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma(Renshen).There were 35 herbs used more than 5 times,involving 11 efficacy categories.The top three categories were deficiency-tonifying herbs,blood-activating and stasis-removing herbs,and dampnessdraining diuretic herbs.The most commonly used herbs were mainly warm and sweet.The primary meridian tropisms were Lung Meridian,Heart Meridian and Spleen Meridian.Association rule analysis yielded 26 association rules,such as Astragali Radix(Huangqi)&Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma(Danshen),Poria(Fuling),Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi)&Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu).Hierarchical cluster analysis yielded four herb classes,and their functions were mainly qi-replenishing and yang-warming,bloodactivating and diuresis-inducing.Conclusions:HFPEF is the syndrome of root vacuity and tip repletion,and its core pathogenesis is"deficiency","stasis",and"wafer",with"deficiency"being the most principal,which is closely related to Xin(heart),Fei(Lung),and Pi(Spleen).The treatment of this disease occurs by improving qi,warming yang,activating blood and inducing diuresis.Astragali Radix(Huangqi)with Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma(Danshen)is the basic combination of herbs applied.

Efficacy of integrating short-course chemotherapy with Chinese herbs to treat multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a study protocol

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)causedMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb)is one of infectious disease that lead a large number of morbidity and mortality all over the world.Although no reliable evidence has been found,it is considered that combining chemotherapeutic drugs with Chinese herbs can significantly improves the cure rate and the clinical therapeutic effect.Methods:Multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(MDR-PTB,n=258)patients with Qi-yin deficiency syndrome will be randomly assigned into a treatment group(n=172)or control/placebo group(n=86).The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs granules(1+3 granules),while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs placebo(1+3 placebo granules).In addition,MDR-PTB(n=312)patients with Yin deficiency lung heat syndrome will be randomly assigned to a treatment(n=208)or control/placebo(n=104)group.The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic regimen combined with Chinese herbs granules(2+4 granules),while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs and Chinese herbs placebo(2+4 placebo granules).The primary outcome is cure rate,the secondary outcomes included time to sputum culture conversion,lesion absorption rate and cavity closure rate.BACTEC^(TM)MGIT^(TM)automated mycobacterial detection system will be used to evaluate theM.tb infection and drug resistance.Chi-square test and Cox regression will be conducted with SAS 9.4 Statistical software to analyze the data.Discussion:The treatment cycle for MDR-PTB using standardized modern medicine could cause lengthy substantial side effects.Chinese herbs have been used for many years to treat MDR-PTB,but are without high-quality evidence.Hence,it is unknown whether Chinese herbs enhances the clinical therapeutic effect of synthetic drugs for treating MDR-PTB.Therefore,this study will be conducted to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of combining Chinese herbs and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat MDR-PTB cases.It will assist in screening new therapeutic drugs and establishing treatment plan that aims to improve the clinical therapeutic effect for MDR-PTB patients.Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(ChiCTR1900027720)on 24 November 2019(prospective registered).

A Case of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Overlap Syndrome Treated with Chinese Herbs

Some patients present with overlapping features between disorders within the spectrum of autoimmune liver diseases, i.e., autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）, primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC）, and primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC）, and are commonly classified as having an ＂overlap syndrome＂. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AIH-PBC overlap remain unclear.^（1） Due to the lack of standardization and variations in the populations under study,

Stabilizing the Bactericidal Activity of Hydrogen Peroxide:A Brandnew Function of Certain Chinese Herbs

Objective： To explore natural herbs to maintain the bactericidal activity of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. Methods： Eighteen extracts of Chinese herbs were prepared complying with the standard protocol. Each of the solutions was then mixed with 1% H2O2. The mixtures were handled with two approaches： autoclaved daily for one, two or three times; stored at room temperature from one through five years. Then the bactericidal activity were evaluated by assaying the minimal bactericidal concentration （MBC） and minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） against Gram positive （Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC25923） and Gram negative （Escherichia coli, ATCC12421） bacteria. Results： While mixed with 1% H2O2, 10 out of 18 kinds of assessed Chinese herbs displayed MBC values at 1：12800 or higher after three times of autoclaving, and 8 of them preserved such level of MBC value after stored at room temperature for three years. Some Chinese herbs, i.e. Fl. Scutellariae, R. Coptidis, R. Bupleuri, H. Epimedii, C. Phelledendri and F. Chrysanthemi, can significantly maintain the bactericidal activity of diluted H2O2. Conclusions： Certain Chinese herbs can effectively stabilize the bactericidal activity of H2O2 undergoing autoclave or long-term storage. This paper reported a brandnew pharmaceutical function of Chinese herbs and provided experimental data for the potential enhancement of H2O2 usage while its stability level is promoted.

Natural Chinese herbs for the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis:a narrative review

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a disease characterized by local inflammation in the pancreas,followed by trypsin activation,and may result from multiple etiologies.Approximately 20%of AP can progress to severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),which can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes(MODS).SAP mortality rates have remained high in recent years,but there are currently no specific drugs designed to reduce these rates.Clinical studies have shown that patients can reduce the symptoms of the disease and slow down the development of the disease after taking the Chinese medicine decoction.Basic studies have shown that in AP or SAP disease models,the use of Chinese medicine monomers can improve the condition of rates.These natural Chinese herbal products can improve pancreatitis,given their ability to act on multiple targets.However,they have not been widely employed clinically and studied sufficiently and thoroughly.Therefore,this review aimed to summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying pancreatitis and review the potential role of natural Chinese herbs(monomers and decoctions)in clinical and basic research.

Foundation and Clinical Research on the Effect of Traditional Chinese Herbs on Gastrointestinal Motility

Gastric dyskinesis functional dyspepsia is a commonly clinical condition characterized as epigastric discomfort,distension after meals,early satiety and belching,which are commonly associated with the dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility.

RELIEVING EFFECTS OF CHINESE HERBS,EAR-ACUPUNCTURE AND EPIDURAL MORPHING ON POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IN LIVER CANCER

In the evaluation of Chinese berbs(A),ear-acupuncture(B) and epidural morphine(C) to relieve postoperative pain and abdominal distension,sixteen male patients with primary liver cancer were observed.This study was conducted by means of orthogonal experiment and double blind,randomized design.

Clinical Study on Application of Chinese Herbs during the Perioperative Period of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Objective： To explore the effect of Chinese herbs during the perioperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）. Methods： Three hundred and sixty patients of chronic lithic cholecystitis （LOOT） were randomly assigned to two groups by lottery, 180 patients in each group. During the peri-operative period, the control group was treated with conventional Western medicine and placebo. The treated group was given the same conventional Western medicine and Chinese herbal decoctions, with Shitong mixture No. 1 （石通1号） added before LC, and Liujunzi decoction （六君子汤） added after LC for three days. The operation time, body temperature after LC, white blood cell count, wind-breaking time after operation, as well as the changes of tongue coating in the first three post-operative days were recorded. Results： There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time （P〉0.05）, while the improvement in body temperature recovery, windbreaking time and changes of tongue coating in the treated group were better than those in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Applying Chinese herbs during perioperative period of LC could effectively benefit early recovery in such patients.