“十七年”时期《中国文学》(Chinese Literature)“计划翻译模式”研究

“十七年”时期以《中国文学》(Chinese Literature)和外文出版社为代表的国家翻译机构翻译实践形成了一种特殊的翻译模式,即“计划翻译模式”。首先,作为中国文学对外翻译的组织者与业务负责人,叶君健经过“下乡”完成知识分子身份认同和思想认识的改造。其次,作为冷战时期中国国家对外文化交流的窗口,《中国文学》精心设计翻译策略,开展国家文学翻译实践。再次,作为国家翻译机构和国家文化单位,外文出版社服务于国家对外宣传的翻译目的。最后,翻译界经过组织化、计划化的整合,成为社会主义文化建设的工具,中国文学对外翻译是冷战时期重要的国家文化工程。

On the Strategic Paths of the Going Global Strategy of Chinese Literature

The going global strategy of Chinese literature is a vital part of the going global strategy of Chinese culture. In recent years,the Chinese government has launched and strongly supported a series of activities and projects to promote this strategy,but little effect has been produced. Starting from analyzing the predicament and reasons of the current strategy,the essay suggests four strategic paths: enhancing the overall strength of the country to promote the international influence of Chinese culture,strengthening cultural awareness and cultural introspection,integrating the nationality and cosmopolitan of literature and establishing a market-oriented literary translation mechanism.

Decrypting the Success of Decoded Abroad -- Enlightenment of the Success of Decoded on Chinese Literature Going Abroad

In contrast to Chinese literature's previous attempt to go abroad,which was not so successful,the English version of Mai Jia's novel Decoded became well received since its publication by Penguin Press in Britain and FSG Press. The fascination of the novel,the proficiency of the translator and her interest in the novel,the publication by famous publishers are the main factors that contribute to the success of Decoded abroad as well as other factors.The success of Decoded gives enlightenment on Chinese literature going abroad in the following aspects: it is primary to choose novels that have universal subjects and interesting plots; it is advised to choose sinologists and excellent native Chinese translators to work together,it and joint efforts from individuals including writers,agents and institutions and the Chinese government.

The Renditions Series and Modern Chinese Literature’s “Going-out”: Its Model and Enlightenment of Translation, Communication and Dissemination

In the process of Chinese Literature’s “Going-out” project, it istypical of the dilemma faced by the external translation and dissemination of modernChinese literature. The Renditions Series serves as a classical case of providing aneffective model of “literature’s overseas distribution”. The successful experience of itstranslating-cum-disseminating model can be concluded as follows: all the translatorsare from China and overseas with cross-cultural background; the selection oftranslation is stylistically far-ranging among the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong,and feminine literature in modern China is highly valued; translating method aims atconvoying the original literary aesthetics, and disseminating channels are manifold;the foreign recipients are common and professional readers; the eminent effects canbe proved by its considerable sales, library collections and acceptance in the targetcountries and regions. From the successful model of translation of Renditions Series,five implications can be made out for the modern Chinese literature’s “Going-global”:domestic and overseas translators cooperate well with all-round cultural identities; theselection holds onto diversification and literary character; various spreading channelsshould be broadened; target readers should be accurately located and continuouslywidened; translating and disseminating effects can be focused on and analyzed, so asto adjust and improve the corresponding sections in the model.

Discourse Analysis in Translation of Chinese Literature: The Case Study of Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s Translation of Kong Yiji

Since the early 1970s,discourse analysis has garnered significant attention across various academic disciplines,marked by the proliferation of numerous theoretical frameworks.Then the profound impact of discourse analysis on the field of translation research has become increasingly apparent,with a substantial body of translation studies embracing the discourse analysis approach.The disciplinary significance of discourse analysis has become undeniable.Contemporary China is in a relatively weak position in global cultural communication.To advance Chinese culture on the global stage,Chinese literary works serve as a precious channel.To effectively showcase the unique qualities of Chinese literature,translators must consider a multitude of influencing factors and address them judiciously to enable target language readers to fully immerse themselves in the essence of Chinese literary artistry.This paper takes Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s translation of Kong Yiji as an example to elucidate the function of discourse analysis in translation of Chinese literature.

Research on the Foreign Communication of Chinese Science Fiction Literature in the Perspective of Public Diplomacy

In recent years,China’s public diplomacy has flourished,with literary exchanges and external communication undoubtedly becoming an essential part.Particularly with the progress of Chinese technology,science fiction literature has become a focal point both domestically and internationally.This paper investigates the background of the Chinese science fiction literature’s national characteristics,the manifestation of these characteristics in works,and the advantages of communication from three aspects.It also explores new ideas for the external communication of Chinese science fiction literature from the perspective of public diplomacy,inspiring new pathways for the integration of Chinese culture with the world,and telling Chinese stories to the world.

Analysis of the Differences between Chinese and Western Culture from Love Literature

Love is an eternal theme of world literature.Both the ancient and the modern literature tend to take marriage and love as their paramount theme;however,there is rarely any research sorting out these themes from the perspective of cultural difference.Being engaged in exploring the love literature,this paper intends to make a comparison with Chinese and western perspectives of love and analyzes the embodied culture essences and differences from the comparative researches on their literary status,attitudes towards love,and the choice of themes.

Renovation and Involution — Paradox of Chinese Literature in Modernity

With a special matter, Chinese literature has differences with traditional theories from western countries in essence, so that Chinese literature demonstrates its renovation and involution. The main reason is its trends of modernity. The transformation from oversea exchange is very important. This paper mainly explains the specific content of paradox of Chinese literature in mo dernity, and explores the reasons for differences between China and western countries.

Treatment of cholecystitis with Chinese herbal medicines:A systematic review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the literature on the use of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of cholecystitis.METHODS:The literature on treatment of cholecystitis with traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) was analyzed based on the principles and methods described by evidence-based medicine(EBM).Eight databases including MEDLINE,EMbase,Cochrane Central(CCTR),four Chinese databases(China Biological MedicineDatabase,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Database of Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals,Database of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) and Chinese Clinical Registry Center,were searched.Full text articles or abstracts concerning TCM treatment of cholecystitis were selected,categorized according to study design,the strength of evidence,the first author's hospital type,and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A search of the literature published from 1977 through 2009 yielded 1468 articles in Chinese and 9 in other languages;and 93.92% of the articles focused on clinical studies.No article was of levelⅠevidence,and 9.26% were of level Ⅱ evidence.The literature cited by Science Citation Index(SCI),MEDLINE and core Chinese medical journals accounted for 0.41%,0.68% and 7.29%,respectively.Typically,the articles featured in case reports of illness,examined from the perspective of EBM,were weak in both quality and evidence level,which inconsistently conflicted with the fact that most of the papers were by authors from Level-3 hospitals,the highest possible level evaluated based on their comprehensive quality and academic authenticity in China.CONCLUSION:The published literature on TCM treatment of cholecystitis is of low quality and based on low evidence,and cognitive medicine may functions as a useful supplementary framework for the evaluation.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Lung Cancer——A Critical Literature Review(Continued)

CLINICAL STUDIES Clinical studies on Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)in lung cancer(LC)have largely been on anumber of basic formulae selected by syndrome(Zheng)differentiation,or specific formula basedon clinical experience.There have also been anumber of studies comparing combination ofCHMs with either chemotherapy or radiotherapywith chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone,to as-sess any additional benefits or synergistic outcomesof the combination.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in hyperten hypertension with insomnia: A literature review

At present, unified and effective treatment for hypertension with insomnia is still lacking, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing technology can improve insomnia symptoms, reduce blood pressure, alleviate fatigue, improve anxiety, depression, improve the quality of life for patients with hypertension and insomnia. There is not only the application of the single TCM nursing technology, such as acupoint massage, acupoint application, ear acupoint pressure beans and so on, but also the application of two or a variety of TCM nursing techniques in hypertension with insomnia. In this article, the results of TCM nursing technology on hypertension with insomnia in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the treatment of hypertensive with insomnia.

The“going global”of Chinese Fantasy Fiction through the Internet:Using I Shall Seal the Heavens on Wuxiaworld.com as an Example

In the 21st century,Chinese online fantasy fiction is gaining popularity overseas.Lai Jingping,a Chinese-American widely known online as RWX,inspired by the popularity of his translation of a Chinese fantasy fiction,Coiling Dragon,established a website called Wuxiaworld.com to disseminate Chinese fantasy culture.Now it has become the largest website in the world to translate these kinds of works.This paper,in order to explore the advantages of Wuxiaworld.com,examines the translation landscape and its trends as presented on this website,and further analyzes the translation of fiction and interactive platforms using I Shall Seal the Heavens,one of the stories on the website,as an example.Our study,through text analysis and data collection,found that Wuxiaworld.com is good at hyperlink-aided translations,and has translation awareness based on the analysis of covers,synopses and glossaries;foreignization is the main translation strategy when it comes to the fantasy terms in I Shall Seal the Heavens,while annotation in text as well as hyperlinks in the forms of text,pictures and music are adopted for cultural compensation;interactive platforms,such as comments,forums and announcements,are conducive to improving translation quality and stimulating readers’enthusiasm for these translations and Chinese culture.

Discussion on the Translation of Chinese Ancient Literatures

The Chinese ancient literature has a long history.More and more foreign friends give strong interest into reading and learning it.However,not all the foreign people are proficient at classical Chinese,the metre and rhyme of Chinese poems,thus,translators have to translate these words into English or other languages,which brought a discussion about whether the Chinese ancient poems can be translated or not.This paper starts from this very point,to analyze current situation of the research on Chinese ancient literatures translation,taking Chinese ancient poems as examples,to discuss this topic,and to give opinions and possible solutions.

The Comparison of Chinese and Western Cultures from the Perspective of Chinese Culture “Going Global”: With Confucius and Socrates’ Thoughts as Examples

Chinese culture “going global” is an inevitable requirement for China’s economic and social development.As an important part of Chinese traditional culture,the dissemination of Confucian thought is just the spread of Chinese culture.Therefore,the spread of Chinese Confucian thought abroad is also the key to Chinese culture “going global”.However,there are some cultural hinders between China and the West due to the differences in cultures.On the basis of summarizing Confucius and Socrates’ thoughts,this paper analyzes their essence of thoughts by contrast,which represent the eastern and Western cultures respectively.From the perspective of cross-cultural communication,the paper adopts the methods of multiculturalism,criticism and down-to-earth attitudes to deal with Chinese and Western cultures in order to make Chinese go global and share China’s wisdom with the world.

Chinese Language Teacher Competency: A Literature Review for a Study Series

Teaching is a special profession with complex pedagogical procedures. It prepares qualified workers and citizens who are expected to yield values and bring benefits to the society, the nation, and the whole world (Nessipbayeva, 2012). This makes the profession require well-qualified teachers. In light of this, teachers must have (and be able to exercise) a broad range of competency array every day in an especially complex environment so that students can realize their full academic potential with the help of teachers (Jackson, 1990). The more competent a teacher is, the better students' achievements will be (Johansson, Myrberg,& Rosen, 2015). It is urgent for us to know how to prepare competent teachers.

Empathy and Cognitive Schema:The Ways of Chinese Culture Going Global Reconsidered

In spite of its acknowledged achievements and contributions in recent years,it is still necessary to review the diplomacy of Chinese culture going global.Approached from the perspective of cognition and affection,the main reason leading to the low efficiency of Chinese official cross-cultural communication is that the collectivism implied in the governmental institutes is in conflict with the individualism schema in Western mainstream discourse,making it difficult to invoke empathy from Western audience.By contrast,some popular culture spread through the Internet is empathy-provoking only because it contains two schemata of nostalgia and individualism that have been embedded in many Western netizens’cognition.In other words,popular culture has little communicating power to transmit the essence of Chinese culture.Given the limitations of these two ways,China should at least make adjustments on four aspects to improve the effect of its culture going out:(1)integrate more mutually shared schemata into the selected Chinese culture;(2)modernize the cultural contents and transmission methods;(3)reduce the role of the government and insist on diversifying and individualizing communication subjects;(4)encourage the creation of fine culture.

Chinese Brands Need to Tell Good Brand Stories for ＂Going Global＂

Under the national wave of ＂going global＂, more and more Chinese enterprises and brands are nudging into the overseas market, with the focus shifting from pure manufacturing to quality focus and to the current innovation orientation,

Issues of Chinese Culture Going Global in the Era of Big Data and Wireless Internet

In the process of Chinese culture going global,the overseas communication effect of Chinese culture leaves much to desire. With the arrival of new media and big data,the translation and transmission of Chinese culture begin to embark on a new challenge. Based on big data and new media platform,this thesis mainly analyzes the material selection,transmission channels and inspirations from internet stars,for example,Li Ziqi,advocating reader analysis mechanism and diversified communication modes,so as to let foreigners understand and love Chinese culture through various channels,and promote Chinese culture going global.

History of recurrent miscarriage in traditional Chinese medicine literature

Recurrent miscarriage （RM） as a gynecological disorder was recognized by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）practitioners long before the age of modern medicine. TCM physicians reported and recorded RM in the canonical TCMliterature, which dates back more than 1500 years. The first cases of RM as a fertility abnormality were reported inChanjing, which was written during the Nanbei Dynasty of China （420 A.D. – 589 A.D.）. Some prescriptions for thetreatment of RM are still actively used by modern TCM practitioners. In addition, many recent pharmacological andclinical studies have focused on the TCM therapy for RM. To identify the new therapeutic targets for RM and furtherpromote the interest in treating RM with TCM, we reviewed the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of RMdiscussed both in the TCM literature and in contemporary pharmacological and clinical studies.

What Are the Determinants of China’s Export Growth?―A Systematic Review of Chinese Literature (1997-2016)

The purpose of this review is to communicate the research results of Chinese academia in this field to interested scholars in Western academia.Our review question is:What were the factors that positively or negatively influenced China’s export?We designed a systematic review protocol and then conducted a seven-round in-depth search.After the searching and checking process,a database of 620 academic journal articles was created.Altogether,we find 269 factors have boosted or hindered China’s export.Majority of researches focused on macro level factors.Very few papers studied the firm level or individual level factors.Based on our database,several most frequently studied factors that affect China’s export are identified.In the end,a future research direction is proposed.