“十七年”时期《中国文学》(Chinese Literature)“计划翻译模式”研究

“十七年”时期以《中国文学》(Chinese Literature)和外文出版社为代表的国家翻译机构翻译实践形成了一种特殊的翻译模式,即“计划翻译模式”。首先,作为中国文学对外翻译的组织者与业务负责人,叶君健经过“下乡”完成知识分子身份认同和思想认识的改造。其次,作为冷战时期中国国家对外文化交流的窗口,《中国文学》精心设计翻译策略,开展国家文学翻译实践。再次,作为国家翻译机构和国家文化单位,外文出版社服务于国家对外宣传的翻译目的。最后,翻译界经过组织化、计划化的整合,成为社会主义文化建设的工具,中国文学对外翻译是冷战时期重要的国家文化工程。

Discourse Analysis in Translation of Chinese Literature: The Case Study of Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s Translation of Kong Yiji

Since the early 1970s,discourse analysis has garnered significant attention across various academic disciplines,marked by the proliferation of numerous theoretical frameworks.Then the profound impact of discourse analysis on the field of translation research has become increasingly apparent,with a substantial body of translation studies embracing the discourse analysis approach.The disciplinary significance of discourse analysis has become undeniable.Contemporary China is in a relatively weak position in global cultural communication.To advance Chinese culture on the global stage,Chinese literary works serve as a precious channel.To effectively showcase the unique qualities of Chinese literature,translators must consider a multitude of influencing factors and address them judiciously to enable target language readers to fully immerse themselves in the essence of Chinese literary artistry.This paper takes Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s translation of Kong Yiji as an example to elucidate the function of discourse analysis in translation of Chinese literature.

Research on the Foreign Communication of Chinese Science Fiction Literature in the Perspective of Public Diplomacy

In recent years,China’s public diplomacy has flourished,with literary exchanges and external communication undoubtedly becoming an essential part.Particularly with the progress of Chinese technology,science fiction literature has become a focal point both domestically and internationally.This paper investigates the background of the Chinese science fiction literature’s national characteristics,the manifestation of these characteristics in works,and the advantages of communication from three aspects.It also explores new ideas for the external communication of Chinese science fiction literature from the perspective of public diplomacy,inspiring new pathways for the integration of Chinese culture with the world,and telling Chinese stories to the world.

On the National Symptoms of Boar Crossing the River:One Hundred Years of Solitude in a Malaysian Chinese Village

After the famous“Rainforest Trilogy”such as Monkey Cup and Elephants,Zhang Guixing,a Malaysian Chinese writer in Taiwan,recently published another Nanyang story Boar Crossing the River,in the background of anti-Japanese War,focusing on the massacres and resistance of the Chinese in Krokop,a Malaysian Chinese village in Borneo from 1941 to 1945 according to a list of“Committee for the Relief of Refugees of the Motherland”.In this novel,Zhang Guixing changes the accustomed narrative mode of individual family history,expands the description to the group images of the Chinese in Krokop,highlights their patriotic sacrifice,and saves the reality of the slaughter of the compatriots by magic means such as the myths and legends of Borneo and masks in children’s imagination.It is also noteworthy that the novel talks about the relationship between individual freedom and national identity in depth,and describes the tragic fate of cross-national love in the period of national opposition.These nation-state discourses in Boar Crossing the River are Zhang Guixing’s biggest transitions when missing in the literary world for 17 years,which indicate a landmark progress in his spiritual history.

Role of Modern Chinese Literature in College Education

Modern Chinese literature plays an important role in college education.It enhances patriotism,cultivates imaginary thinking and human sentiment,and encourages students to think deeply about life and improve their language ability.

The Intergenerational Conflicts in Selected Chinese/Indian American Literature

For the early generation of both Chinese and Indian immigrants,their deep immersion in their own language and cultural environment has given their life experience an indelible nostalgia.However,the children of their descendants born in the United States have no such cultural heritage and spiritual burden,their thinking on values,languages,education,occupation,clothing,social communications,etc.are more largely Americanized and culturally identified with the mainstream society.In this way,the various intergenerational conflicts reflected in Chinese and Indian American literature implies the importance of negotiation through the use of shared resource between the old and new identities to balance,adapt and integrate in the adopted land.

Intellectuals in Chinese Novels at the Dawn of the 21st Century

The dawn of the 21st century saw images of intellectuals in novels change in a drastic way.Intellectuals,and those in the humanities in particular,are no longer portrayed as privileged Enlightenment thinkers or sages with Confucian ideas of salvation.In the novels that take intellectuals as their subject matters,such characters often end up involved in betrayal,self-exile,or spiritual/mortal death.This is not a historical process,nor an inevitable course for intellectuals to be sure,but it remains a legitimate question to ask why these fictional intellectuals are becoming,more often than not,new tragic heroes.Why are they becoming misfits in their society and ending up in exile,abandonment,and even death?The present paper examines different images of intellectuals and the makings of their destinies.

Regionalism and Non-regionalism of Ba Jin’s Works

Modern Chinese literature witnessed the popularity of Sichuan writers like Li Jieren and Sha Ting,who were well known for their distinctive regional characters and the experiences portrayed in their works,telling unadulterated“Sichuan Stories”and depicting lives in the context of Ba-Shu culture.People even consider their works to be the modern“Chronicles of Huayang(Huayang Guo Zhi)in modern time.”However,when we look at Ba Jin,his works are not like typical Sichuan writers(such as Guo Moruo,Li Jieren,Sha Ting,and Ai Wu).He did not pay much attention to depicting the customs and lives in Sichuan,and we can seldom find the flavor of Ba-Shu culture in his works.When editing Chinese Literature and Regional Culture in the 20th Century in 1995,Yan Jiayan so commented,“To study Sichuan literature Ba-Shu culture,it is not appropriate to pick Ba Jin(though he was a great writer with great contributions)”(Li,1997).As it were,the relationship between Ba Jin and the Ba-Shu culture is delicate.Ba Jin showed his distinctive choices and pursuit in this relationship.By studying the“regionalism”and“non-regionalism”of Ba Jin’s works,we can better understand Ba Jin and his writing.It is also enlightening for us to review the future development of Ba-Shu culture.

The Historical Development of Literary Anthropology in China

From a perspective of the correlation between literature and anthropology,this paper unveils the background and characteristics of literary anthropology as an emerging subject.Through contrastive analysis of two correlative fields,this paper focuses on "literary issues" and "anthropological issues," highlights literature's anthropological turn and the interaction between anthropology and literature,and reviews the brief history of literary anthropology in contemporary China.

Out of Witchcraft to Zhuyou:Healing by Prayer

Zhuyou is one of the methods to treat diseases in ancient China.It is controversial in modern times because of its mysterious form.Based on the observation and analysis of literature records as well as the folk customs of traditional Chinese medicine,this article discusses the methods of treating herpes zoster and nocturnal fretfulness in infants by using Zhuyou,with a purpose to summarize its therapeutic mechanism and principle,while taking its essence to make use of the past to serve the present.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

OPHTHALMOLOGY Small Incision Extra-Capsular Cataract Extraction with a Manual Nucleus Division Technique and Intraocular Lens Implantation. Yao Ke et al. Dept Ophth, Affiliated 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang Med Uni, Hangzhou 310099. Chin J Ophth 1995; 30(3): 164. A 6 mm incision extra-capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with a manual nucleus division technique and

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

A retrospective analysis of the prognosis of Graves disease was carried on 224 cases, whose treatment has been stopped for 6 months to more than 10 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1. 92 cases, received long term antithyroid drug therapy: group 2. 100 cases, were treated

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

RESPIRATORY DISEASES Effects of Oxygen and Nikethamide on Central Drive, Ventilation and Blood Gases of Patients with Obstructive Lung Disease in Acute Exacerbation of Respiratory Failure. Ren Xiao-hui, et al. Beijing People’s Hospital. 100044. Chin J Tub Resp Dis 1993; 16（6）:331. Twelve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in acute exacerbation of respiratory failure were studied. The experiment on each subject was divided into three steps: room air breathing, 35% Oinhalation for one hour, and then intravenous drip of nikethamide （1.875%） for two hours with 35% oxygen inhalation at the same time. At the end of each step. mouth occlusion pressure （P0.1）. VT. VE, VA. UCO, VD and PaO, PaCOwere measured respectively. The results showed that, when breathing air all the patients presented significant higher P0.1 than normal sub-

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the spiral CT and the conventional CT, and feasibility of spiral CT in clinical applications. Several different kinds of phantom tests and variable scanning para-

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Damaging Effects of Methylmercury on Cell Membrane. Lin Xiuwu. et al. School of Preventive Medicine, Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences. Changchun 130021. Chin J Prevent Med 1995; 29（1）:9 Damaging to cell membrane system caused by methylmercury （Me-Hg） and its mechanism were studied with biochemical and cell biological methods experimentally. Results showed erythrocyte membrane and activities of T-ATPase, Mg-AtPase and Na-K-ATPase of microsome membrane in brain, liver and kidney of the exposed animals decreased more significantly than of controls with a dose-effect pattern. Activities of Mg-ATPase and Na-K-AATPase of erythrocyte membrane correlated posi

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

Percutancous transluminal laser angioplasty was done in 16 dogs.2 different fiber tips,bare tip and metal probe,connecte

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

Tuberculosis of the brain is still a commonly encountered condition in the developing countries.Before the

ABSTRACTS OF CHINESE MEDICAL LITERATURE

An immunological Study on Patients with Schizophrenia.Wang Yu-zhen, et al. Baotou Med Coll 014010. Chin J Neul Psych 1993; 26（3）: 131. Eight indices of the immunological function were studied in 100 patients with schizophrenia. Compared with the control group, the patients with Schizophrenia had a markedly decreased positive rate of the PHA test, ANAE（+） cells % and IgA; whereas significantly increased mean contents of lgG and CIC. However, the mean contents of the IgM,Cand lysozyme did not show any significant change. The results indicate that the schizophrenic patients have lower cell immunological function, which may be one of the probable attributing factors in the genesis of the disease.