Transformation relationship among different magnetic minerals within loess-paleosol sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evo- lution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high- resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim, and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol, and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess–paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau.

A rock magnetic record of Asian cooling and aridification processes during 1.95–0.40 Ma in the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau

The southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau is the terminal deposition area of dusts transported by the East Asian winter monsoon and the frontal area penetrated by the East Asian summer monsoon,and thus a climate sensitive region.This paper reports a rock magnetic study of a Quaternary loess-paleosol section in such a region.We tried to reconstruct the paleoclimate evolution history in the region during 1.95–0.40 Ma with magnetic parameters.The results show a general up-section decreasing trend of the ratio of HIRM/(SIRM–IRM100 mT),indicating a long-term decreasing trend of hematite coercivities in the deposits,which can be mainly related to the cooling and aridification trend of the environment in interglacial depositional area and glacial dust source region.The ratio,lf/ARM,widely used to reflect the variations of magnetic mineral grain size,manifests a long-term increasing trend of the magnetic mineral grain size and tends to indicate an overall weakening trend of the East Asian summer monsoon that controlled the pedogenic intensity.Although the regional multi-segmented paleoclimatic records revealed by several magnetic parameters in our study,the long-term Asian cooling and aridification trend inferred here is of global correlation significance.

中国黄土环境磁学

中国陆相风成沉积序列蕴含了晚新生代以来丰富的古地磁场和古气候信息。第四纪黄土-古土壤序列的岩石磁学性质可以揭示第四纪亚洲内陆地区干旱化过程和东亚古季风演化历史以及末次冰期-间冰期旋回的气候不稳定性特征。文章主要评述近年来中国黄土环境磁学研究所取得的一系列重要进展,同时提出目前需要深入研究的几个重要问题,如成土作用对黄土沉积物沉积剩磁的影响、微生物对磁性矿物的改造、亚洲内陆地区气候过程和环境演变的磁气候学记录等。

中国第四纪黄土环境磁学研究进展

中国黄土分布广泛、沉积连续性好 ,是进行磁性地层研究和重建古环境、恢复古气候的理想材料。中国黄土高原黄土—古土壤序列的环境岩石磁学性质详细地记录了 2 .5Ma BP以来古气候和古环境变化的信息 ,尤其是黄土和古土壤的磁化率作为很好的气候代用指标已得到广泛应用。古土壤磁化率增强成因机制一直在争论中 ,其中 ,与气候变化关系密切的成壤作用对古土壤磁化率增强起主导作用的观点已被普遍接受 ,目前利用不同方法建立了磁化率气候转换函数 ,从而使重建古降水量和古温度成为可能。

CBD方法对天然样品磁性矿物影响

本研究选择川西高原、天山和西伯利亚Kurtak剖面的黄土古土壤样品及亚热带非风成样品进行CBD处理,系统测量并对比处理前后的磁学参数,包括低频磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁、剩磁矫顽力和热磁曲线(J-T曲线),分析处理前后磁性矿物种类、含量和磁畴的变化.结果表明,CBD方法对于磁性矿物的溶解并无明显的选择性,在温度与反应时间一定的条件下,磁性矿物的溶出量主要受控于其粒径分布.CBD方法可以非常有效地去除具有更大比表面积的细粒(<1μm)磁性矿物,同时溶解粗粒(>1μm)磁性矿物外缘,使其粒径变细.CBD处理后磁化率变化存在多种可能,对于成土作用较强的古土壤,CBD方法可以较为准确地提取成土成因的磁性信息;而干旱和过度湿润条件下的风积黄土,不宜使用CBD方法区分原生与次生磁性矿物.

一种分离富集中国黄土中微米级磁性物质的方法

微米级磁性矿物在黄土-古土壤序列中含量不足1%,为了满足多种测试的需要,要尽可能地富集磁性矿物。介绍一种富集方法,即程序地采用浸泡-搅拌(转速为5900r/min)-湿法磁选(磁场梯度范围为0.8～2.5T)-重液分选(d≥2.5)-干法磁选(激磁电流在1～2A之间)的方法,从西峰和段家坡第五层古土壤(分别简称为XS和DS)的上浮物和沉砂中富集出6个不同磁性的矿物组分。经磁化率(MS-2)、磁滞回线(MICROMag2900)测定、高倍显微镜(MPV-3)及扫描电镜(S-3500N)观测,矿物的分散度与磁性分选良好,精选的强磁性组分(XS-4J和DS-4J)中磁性矿物含量约占该组分的30%,富集的磁性矿物种类多,包括含铁粘土、碎屑状磁性矿物和自生磁性矿物,磁选出的矿物代表性强并能满足多项分析测试的需要。湿法磁选(程序3)是流程中操作最复杂的一步,根据XS样的实测结果,这一步磁选的回收率为87.2%。

全新世安塞剖面的磁学特征变化历史及其受控因子分析

黄土高原黄土是第四纪古气候研究的主要对象之一,磁化率是黄土古气候研究的主要代用指标。然而,黄土地层磁学特征的主控因子依然存在争论。本文选取黄土高原中部的安塞黄土剖面为研究对象,对地层进行系统的磁学特征分析。安塞剖面在早全新世至中全新世早期(~10000~8500a)黄土层中磁性矿物含量较低且呈递增趋势,中全新世(8000~3000a)古土壤层中磁性矿物含量较高,在中全新世中期(7000~5000a)达到最高随后呈递减趋势,晚全新世(3000a以来)黄土层中磁性矿物含量很低并呈递减趋势。此外,地层的磁学特征表现出3次快速变化:6500a前后,地层中磁性矿物含量迅速增加;4500a前后和2700a前后,地层中磁性矿物含量快速降低。通过与全新世降水和气温等气候因子对比发现降水量是控制安塞剖面中次生强磁性矿物含量变化的关键性气候因子,低温并不能增加地层中强磁性矿物含量,而高温则可能限制地层中强磁性矿物的形成。土壤中强磁性矿物含量变化对气候好转响应迟缓,对气候恶化响应迅速。

Two pedogenic models for paleoclimatic records of magnetic susceptibility from Chinese and Siberian loess

The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of Chinese loess showing a general proportional relationship to pedogenic grade has been widely recognized and used for reconstruction of paleoclimate by Quaternary scientists. The in-situ pedogenic enhancement of ferrimag

中国黄土高原红粘土环境磁学研究进展

黄土高原地区的红粘土沉积序列蕴含着晚新生代气候变化和高原隆升的信息。最近的研究表明,红粘土与上覆的黄土-古土壤序列具有相似的磁学性质,用环境磁学的方法可以成功地提取红粘土中的古环境、古气候信息。文章评述了近年来红粘土环境磁学研究所取得的一系列进展,对黄土高原红粘土的磁学性质、磁学参数的古环境意义以及红粘土磁化率所记录的米兰科维奇气候周期和东亚夏季风的演化历史等问题进行了回顾和讨论。