Study on Current Trends in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Australia and Policy Proposals of Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Education in Future

With the rapid rise of China’s economy and the deployment of the Belt and Road Initiative,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),one of the main components of Chinese culture,has become an important aspect of foreign exchange.Therefore,recent research has focused on how to effectively spread TCM culture internationally and improve TCM acceptance.Australia is currently a representative region with decent TCM development.Taking TCM development in Australia as a starting point,this article analyzes the challenges in TCM development,discusses countermeasures to address these issues,and provides recommendations for improving the international development and dissemination of TCM.

The Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine into the Western World

This paper introduces the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine into the western world.Internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)into the Western world is not a simple or easy task.Its exposure and exportation into the rest of the world should be a task taken on with a special focus and determination on staying strong along the way.Keeping the truth,strength,and integrity in TCM medicine as it is exported is the highest priority and the best way to promote it.Doing this will give it a solid foundation in its new land and for its new patients.Let’s study and analyze what really is required to help TCM avoid all problems and hardships of this exportation process as TCM goes west.

Integrating traditional Chinese (herbal) medicines into risk based regulation-With focus on non-clinical requirements to demonstrate safety

Within the public health sector of Hong Kong(China),there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines.For Hong Kong(China)to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global market requires a concerted effort from the government,academic institutes and industries.The release of the final version of the European Medicines Agencies guidance document,which details the acceptance of minimum requirements to nonclinical package in bibliographical applications,grants the opportunity for well-established and traditional herbal medicines to demonstrate an‘acceptable safe’status for registration in the European Union.It is anticipated that this minimum nonclinical package can be applied to demonstrate the safe use of many traditional Chinese medicines regardless of their eligibility to be registered under the simplified procedure within the European Union.This paper conceptualizes an integration of a simplified evaluation route for eligible proprietary Chinese medicines(pCm)with long history of use into the existing drug regulatory framework in Hong Kong(China).Such integration utilizing the minimum nonclinical package,based on bibliographical data or expert report,as proof of evidence to demonstrate safety for pCm with long history of use requires less demand in scientific resources.With Hong Kong(China)conducting‘first hand’review for eligible pCm,it provides an option for overseas and local pharmaceutical companies to register their products in Hong Kong(China)without the need to rely on issuance of Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from other countries.This could bring eligible pCm with long history of use to reach international risk-based standard and to be marketed globally as‘medicines’to reach their full therapeutic potential.An important process to positioning Hong Kong(China)to compete with other countries in promoting importation and exportation of pCm to better serve the global health.

Promotion of Standardization and Internalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Interpretation of Chapters in the 13^(th) Five-Year Special Project for Scientific Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) contains profound scientific connotation and has great potential in guiding the future development of bioscience,thus becoming the Chinese Treasure of Ancient Science and the Key to Open the Treasury of Chinese Civilization. 13^(th) Five-Year Special Project for Scientific Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine has proposed to promote the standardization and internalization of TCM,including implementation of TCM standardized action,establishment of TCM standard system to complete system and adapt development requirements,establishment of a standard system for TCM that can complete system and meets the requirement of development to capture the advantages in international standardization competition,so as to seize the leadership and discourse power in the establishment of TCM international standardization;to promote the implementing great scientific TCM plan to accelerate the international registration of brand-name and high-quality TCM,expedite TCM service and products entering into international main markets of medicines and heath care,propel the scientific cooperation and application of TCM in various countries along One Belt and One Road(B & R),and create Chinese standards and brands,so as to promote the TCM moving towards the whole world.

Discussion on the Chinese Materia Medica Under EU Regulations for Traditional Herbal Medicines

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a valuable resource for the Chinese nation.With its rich theoretical foundation and long-term practical experience,it provides a solid foundation and rich source for various types of pharmaceutical innovation.The European Union(EU)established Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products(HMPC)and issued 2004/24/EC Directive and 2001/83/EC Directive,which provides legal protection for strengthening the management of traditional medicines and unifying the drug registration standards of member states.It also provides the possibility for Chinese herbal medicine,a precious medical resource,to enter the European market and benefit European citizens.However,in the application process by Chinese traditional medicine manufacturers,there are practical problems such as unclear mechanism of action and differences in drug quality requirements between China and EU.By selecting an appropriate application direction and strategy,the type of drug applied is inclined to the direction of simpler drugs with a simpler mechanism of action.Meanwhile,the policy advantages of local drug manufacturers should be fully taken to strengthen bilateral or multilateral cooperation and other ways to deal with it,providing the possibility to promote the traditional Chinese herbal medicine to go abroad,better serve the people of all countries,and promote the international development of TCM.

Safety Issues of Chinese Medicine:A Review of Intoxication Cases in Hong Kong

Chinese medicine (CM) has been widely used in Hong Kong for centuries. In fact, CM practitioners currently provide over 20% of the medical consultations in Hong Kong and about 60% of the population has previously used CM. In 1999, the Legislative Council passed the Chinese Medicine Ordinance with aims to govern practice, use, trading, and manufacturing of CM in Hong Kong. While it is usually safe to use CM under proper application and guidance, there have been frequent reports on intoxication and fatalities. The misuse of potent/toxic CM, because of misidentification or overdose, can cause severe aconite, aristolochic acid, anticholinergic, podophyllin, grayanotoxin, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, matrine, gelsemine, teucvin, and strychnine poisoning. In this review, we summarized CM intoxication cases in Hong Kong, concentrating on the discussion of toxic and adverse effects as well as the quality control of CM. By increasing the awareness of CM toxicity, we hope to enhance the regulatory process and stimulate further research on their toxic dose, toxic ingredients, intoxication mechanisms, and quality control.

Interviews on the Cooperation between Hainan and Macao region in the TCM Industry to Promote Hainan’s TCM Industry

Objective To develop the internationalization and modernization of Hainan’s TCM industry,explore the development direction and fill in the research gap.Methods Design qualitative approaches,including fieldwork,semi-structured interviews,and policy analysis,were employed to identify development challenges for the cooperation between Hainan and Macao region in TCM industry.Ten interviews with key TCM industry stakeholders in Hainan and Macao region were conducted in 2020.These stakeholders are from schools,hospitals,companies,and governments.Hainan Province is the only free trade port with Chinese characteristics.Macao region is an international free trade port that has special economic relations with European and Portuguese-speaking countries.Therefore,this study focuses on the cooperation in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry between Hainan and Macao region.Besides,it investigates the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Hainan and Macao region according to the SWOT model.Results and Conclusion The study revealed strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats for cooperation between Hainan and Macao region in TCM industry.Cooperation between Hainan and Macao region can be taken as a priority outline and a standard for the internationalization and modernization of Hainan’s TCM industry.

基于国际化卓越人才培养的中医内科学双语教学探索与实践

中医内科学蕴含着丰富的原创中医思维和独特诊疗思路,对中医学术的传承发展和推广应用具有基础性的关键作用。双语教学是指以两种语言作为教学媒介,达到学习学科知识和打破语言障碍的双重目的。以培养国际化卓越人才为目标,在高等中医药院校开展中英文双语的中医内科学教学,可以使学生提高中医药专业英语的表达与运用能力,拓展其临床与学术的交流领域,获得更大的发展潜力。文章提出开展中医内科学双语教学能提高中医药学国际认可度、加强中西医学交流合作、传播中华民族特色文化、吸引国外人才来华访问学习。通过探索与实践中医内科学双语教学,努力达到创新教学理念、改革教学方法、开展形成性评价等,有利于提升高等中医药院校中医学专业国际化教学水平与学术影响力。

高质量发展视域下中医药院校教师国际化培养模式研究

教师是人才培养的关键所在,是高等教育质量的有力保障。中医药院校教师在国际化建设中面临的问题和挑战主要有:学校顶层设计缺乏、学科间国际化发展不均衡、教师国际化意识不足。面对这些挑战,中医药院校需要建立学校-部门-教师三级联动的“点、线、面”教师国际化培养模式,通过加强顶层设计,完善培养体系,夯实政策保障,扩大国际交流,引进海外人才带动本土教师发展,提升教师国际化意识和跨文化能力,多元协同培养,加快教师队伍的国际化进程,从而推进中医药高等教育高质量发展。

刘燕池应用角药治疗内科杂病经验撷菁

刘燕池教授治疗内科杂病,以中医基础理论为指导,临床上善用角药,强调角药之间互相配伍,体现角药相互连接、相辅相成的作用,做到药与药互相搭建,方与方互相联合,针对病证疗效显著。现选用刘燕池教授常用于治疗内科疾病的角药,从中药疗效结合现代研究角度出发,揭示其组成角药之奥妙,以供同道参考。

从德国传统与补充医学史看中医药国际化

以德国为代表的欧洲医学界在现代生物医学的强势主导下,依旧存在种类繁多的传统与补充医学,并且随着时代的变迁,逐渐经历了从“替代”到“补充”再到“整合”的过程。这个历史的变迁受到过16世纪科学革命的重塑,也曾因1933—1945年的德国产生过民粹主义的转向和反噬,也被政治运动和社会思潮影响。当前新科学技术的不断突破必将深刻影响新的医学范式,本文在历史研究的基础上探讨了中医药应如何应对新时代的机遇和挑战,提高自身国际竞争力。

基于SWOT分析的中医援外医疗队海外推广中医药策略研究——以中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队为例

中医药是我国独特的卫生资源、经济资源和科技资源,近年来中医药国际传播范围逐步扩大,影响力不断提升,首支中国援外中医医疗队派出为中医药海外推广提供了新路径。本文应用SWOT法,分析得出中医援外医疗队海外推广中医药具有推广力度强、范围广、程度深、效果佳的优势,存在派出与管理机制尚不健全、组建与海外工作难度高、中医器材、药品运输、出口挑战大的劣势。在国家层面高度重视中医药“走出去”、中医药国际认可度提高海外需求提高、全球疫情形势发生转变的机遇下,还需应对文化障碍、法律障碍、全球传统医学替代性竞争加剧的挑战。在中医援外医疗队海外推广中医药方面提出尽快形成中医援外医疗队常态化建制、高位推动形成中医药海外推广合力、优化中医药出口环境、加强海内外人才培养的建议。

“一带一路”背景下留学生家属朋友的中医药认知及应用的调查研究

目的 中医药为中华民族的健康繁衍贡献了巨大的力量,但在国际社会中的认知度和接受度仍有待提高。本研究的目的是调查山西中医药大学具有中医药学习经历的留学生的家属朋友的中医药认知及应用度。方法 以学习过中医药课程的留学生的家属朋友为研究对象。自行设计问卷,通过问卷星网站收集数据。结果 87.9%(87/99)的留学生家属朋友认同中医药对疾病的防治作用,并乐意接受中医药的预防保健知识。超过50%的留学生家属朋友在日常生活中应用中医非药物保健方法。约80%的留学生家属朋友通过家庭成员、朋友和医生了解中医药知识。结论 大多数留学生家属朋友认同中医,但对中医的诊疗方法尤其是汤药的认识和理解有待提高。建议提高留学生的中医药基础教育,使其成为中医药的崇拜者和实施者,进而增强其中医药使者的作用,加快中医药国际化的进程。

中医药对外传播视域下大学英语口语课程模式研究

在中医药对外传播的背景下,此研究基于中国特色的产出导向法(POA),探讨了中医药院校大学英语口语递进式课程体系的构建与实施。以“驱动-促成-评价”为课堂实践流程,从初阶英语口语课到进阶英语演讲课程,让学生以中华传统文化及中医药文化为内容基石,用英语讲中国故事,推广中医药,在提高学生英语口语能力的同时,培养学生中外文化互鉴交流的能力和对外传播中医药的跨文化能力。

面向临床的中药标准化研究

本文从源自临床的几个中药基本问题入手,通过对中药标准的概念与范畴以及当今中药标准化研究的现状与问题的探讨分析,首次提出面向临床的中药标准化研究的重要设想。结合临床的中药标准化研究的核心目标和关键就是要建立面向临床的中药标准体系,包括药性标准、品质标准、用量标准以及中药调剂操作规程(GUP),"使质量标准更加贴近临床,使临床标准更有科学依据",为中医临床"用好药,用好药"与中药科技产业上中下游协调发展提供技术支持和参考依据。

张伯礼院士谈“中医药发展这十年”

党的十八大以来,党和政府高度重视中医药工作,中医药事业迎来了重要的发展机遇,迈入高质量发展阶级,同时也面临新的挑战,肩负新的历史使命。过去十年间,中医药服务能力不断增强,现代化和产业化持续推进;中医药进一步走出国门、走向世界,在国内和国际上的地位和影响力得到显著提升;中医药学术研究亦取得重要进展。回首过去,展望未来,张伯礼院士立足近十年中医药的发展情况,针对发展过程中的关键问题提出了个人见解,并对中医药未来的发展方向进行了展望。

以标准化推动中医药国际化的相关问题

推进中医药现代化是中医药事业发展的战略选择,中医药国际化是中医药现代化的主要内容之一,而标准化战略是实现中医药现代化、国际化的三大战略之一。本文论述了如何整合各方面的力量,做好宏观规划,全面推进中医药标准化建设,并以标准化推动中医药国际化的相关问题。

高等中医药教育国际化背景及发展趋势与战略选择

高等中医药教育国际化,既是高等教育国际化的组成部分,也是我国推行中医药国际化战略的重要基础。系统研究高等教育国际化对我国高等中医药教育改革和发展带来的严峻挑战及难得机遇,科学制定国际化发展战略,对推进高等中医药教育国际化进程具有重要意义。文章在论述中医药教育国际化背景及特征的基础上,提出推进高等中医药教育国际化,关键是推进中医药教育标准化建设、促进中医药教育与文化传播相结合、强化中医药科技创新,重点是深化中医药人才培养模式改革,促进教学资源及人力资源双向流动,建设多样化平台促进中医药教育国际合作交流。

中医药现代化、国际化的策略是标准化

由于中医药诊疗模式适应现代疾病谱,并具有"整体观、恒动观、时空观"等特色,其在国内外发展迅速。然而,受中医思维逐步淡化、中药质量存疑、疗效评价方法不当及虚假医疗屡禁不止等诸多因素干扰,中医药临床疗效遭到质疑,加上安全事故频发,导致中医药公信力急剧下降。同时中医药国际化道路曲折,深陷技术贸易壁垒及"去中国化"等一系列困境。中医药标准化作为中医药特色和优势的重要载体,是实现中医药现代化和国际化的前提。本文认为中医药在发展过程中要想摆脱上述困扰,必须走标准化的道路,并提出了借助标准化维护公信力、传承中医诊疗技术和保障中药质量和安全、克服技术贸易壁垒及纠正"去中国化"等系列策略和建议。