Overseas Short-term Training Program for Chinese University Teacher Educators:Theoretical Basis and Course Design

Overseas three-month intra-university training program is rear in Yunnan,China.Using adult learning and social con-structivism as theoretical basis,the author,introduces the background of the program and the course design,highlighting the inten-tion for the program and similar programs.

Evaluation of Breeding Programs Combining Genomic Information in Chinese Holstein

Current study adopted gene flow theory and selection index method to compare the breeding efficiency of three breeding plans in the Chinese Holstein cattle using ZPLAN software. Simulated conventional progeny-testing program （PT） and young sire program （YS） were compared with breeding program using genomic selection （GS） taking parameters derived from Chinese Holstein breeding system. The results showed that, GS shortened generation interval by 1.5-2.2 years, and increased the genetic progress by 30-50%, comparing to PT and YS, respectively. Economic analysis showed that GS could obtain a higher breeding efficiency, being 119 and 97% higher than that of PT and YS, respectively; and GS was also powerful in improving functional traits with a low heritability. Main factors affecting breeding efficiency in GS were further discussed, including selection intensity, accuracy and the cost of SNP genotyping. Our finding provided references for future designing and implementing GS in Chinese dairy population.

Chinese investigation and research in Southern Ocean physical oceanography and meteorology during the Chinese Polar Programs 2011–2015

Within the context of developing a research presence in the Antarctic region, the first phase of the Chinese Polar Programs covered the period 2011-2015, which almost coincided with the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-2015）. For the promotion of full understanding of the progress of Chinese expeditions and research in Antarctica, the observations and achievements of cruises during 2011-2015 are summarized in this paper. Four Antarctic cruises （28th-31st） were performed in the Prydz Bay and Antarctic Peninsula regions during the first phase of the Polar Programs. These cruises performed systemic collections of physical oceanographic and meteorological data to support further research on the ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions in Antarctica. Overall, 248 CTD/LADCP stations, 66 microstructure profiles, 507 XBT/XCTDs, 181 air sounding balloons, 58000 total gaseous mercury （TGM） concentrations, 452 aerosol samples, 294 atmospheric samples, 11 moorings, and 28 surface drifters were acquired or deployed during the four cruises. Using these extensive observations and other data, Chinese scientists have achieved new recognition in the fields of Southern Ocean physical oceanography and meteorology, as well as in other interdisciplinary subjects. These studies, which have been associated with scientific techniques, instrumentation, ocean circulation, water mass formation, energy transformation, and carbon uptake, have elucidated the dynamic mechanisms and potential effects of climate change in Antarctica. Finally, some observations based on experience gained during previous Chinese Antarctic Research and Expedition campaigns are summarized with advice for the improvement of future investigations in the Antarctic region.

Progress in Antarctic marine geophysical research by the Chinese Polar Program

Marine geophysical survey by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHINARE） began with the first science expedition in 1984/1985, although only four cruises were performed in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula between then and 1991/1992. After a 20 year hiatus, Antarctic marine geophysical research was relaunched by the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs （known simply as the Chinese Polar Program） in 2011/2012. Integrated geophysical surveys have been carried out annually since, in Prydz Bay and the Ross Sea. During the last 5 years, we have acquired about 5500 km of bathymetric, gravimetric, and magnetic lines; more than 1800 km of seismic reflection lines; and data from several heat flow and Ocean Bottom Seismometer （OBS） stations. This work has deepened understandings of geophysical features and their implications for geological tectonics and glacial history in Antarctica and its surrounding seas. Compiled Antarctic Bouguer and Airy isostatic gravity anomalies show different features of tectonics between the East Antarctic stability and West Antarctic activity. Calculated magnetic anomalies, heat flow anomalies and lithospheric anisotropy offshore of Prydz Bay may imply high heat capacity of mantle shielded by the continental shelf lithosphere, but high heat dissipation of mantle due to the Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana along the continent and ocean transition （COT）, where large sediment ridges would be brought about by the Oligocene ice sheet retreat and would enlarge free-air gravity anomalies. In the western Ross Sea, CHINARE seismic profiles indicate northern termination of the Terror Rift and deposition time of the grounding zone wedge in the northern JOIDES Basin.

Short-term Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Since the London fog in 1952, numerous epidemioLogical studies have revealed that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development of diseases[1]. Up to date, the assessment of air quality on health and air quality standard establishment in developing countries were mainly relied on extrapolation based on the results from long-term cohort studies conducted in Europe and North America.

Development of Automatic Programming System for NC Laser Cutting of Chinese Characters

This Paper presents an automatic programming system developed for NC laser onning of Chinese charaCterswhich combines AutoCAD with NC Under Windows environment, and generates numerical controlled Programs by extracting outline (stroke) figures of Chinese Characters from outline character base, optimizing cutting routes, transferring them to AutoCAD for editing operations, such as rotation transfer, enlarging an mirroring, the system can transferto a laser cutting machine througy RS-232 series interface to accomplish laser cutting of large Chinese characters.

Clinical Observation on the Improved Short-Term Effects of Anti-Tumor Purified Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing for 138 Cases with Malignant Tumors

The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients included 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008 (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2 ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10 - 20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively 18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-inflam-matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth.Additionally,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace.Over the past two years,significant progress has been made on the IMCP.In particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction.The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted.To facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.

Chinese Stories of Young Sinologists from the 2019 Visiting Program

Editor s Note:On June 16,2019 Visiting Program for Young Sinologists(Shanghai)opened?It was hosted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People s Republic of China,coordinated by the Network of International Culturalink Entities,organized by the Shanghai Academy of Social Science and co-organized by the Institute of China Studies,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences and Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Think Tank Foundation.The Visiting Program for Young Sinologists has been successfully held in Shanghai for three years since 2016,attracting the active participation of young Sinologists from all over the world?

A Case Study of Intercultural Interventions for Chinese University Students During Study Abroad Program in the University of Minnesota

In 21st Century, Chinese and American universities are experiencing great development in the number of students studying abroad. This research adopts the method of natural investigation, selecting Chinese student samples during study abroad program in the University of Minnesota to complete the designed questionnaires to examine the intercultural interventions taken before, during and after this type of study abroad in Chinese universities. Also, after students complete the questionnaires, email communication is made to analyze the reasons for their answers to the questionnaires. The questionnaire results and email communication show that there is a great gap in the practice of intercultural interventions in study abroad programs between Chinese universities and students expectations. It is time for Chinese universities to design appropriate intercultural interventions in order to maximize Chinese university students＇ intercultural development during study abroad. These intercultural interventions should be run consistently to cover the phrases of pre-departure, during and after the study abroad program. Also, more dynamic and interactive intercultural interventions rather than knowledge-based intercultural instructions or guidance should be the focus for intercultural interventions.

Implementation status quo of traditional Chinese medicine nursing program for advantaged diseases

With the promulgation of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing program for advantaged diseases,its application in the clinic has drawn wide attention.TCM nursing program can actively promote the clinical development of TCM syndrome differentiation and nursing.This article introduces the implementation status quo of the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases in clinical practice,summarize the existing problems in the implementation and put forward measures to promote its perfection.Finally,the article discusses and looks forward to the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases.Provide theoretical basis and reference for medical workers to effectively promote the application and implementation of TCM nursing programs for advantaged disease.

The Program for the Development of Chinese New and Renewable Energy (1996-2010) Worked Out

The State Science and Technology Commission, State Economic and Trade Commission, and State Planning Commission of China have jointly worked out the Program for the Development of Chinese New and Renewable Energy recently.

Chinese Scientists Contribute to the AMS program

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) program is regarded as a huge international scientific project following the world-known International Space Station (ISS) project, Human Genome project

Gender Equality:Now a Basic State Strategy——On the Salient Features of the National Program on the Development of Chinese Women(2011-2020)

The National Program on the Development of Chinese Women （2011-2020）, herein- after referred to as the ＂NewProgram,＂ was published in August 2011. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of the basic state strategy of gender equal- ity and the all-round development of Chinese women. The New Program is a part of China＇s policy program for the protection of human rights. It sets 57 major targets to be attained over the decade. The targets cover seven fields, namely, health, education, economy,

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program(CMSP),several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship(Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science,and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.

Chinese Named Entity Recognition with Character-Level BLSTM and Soft Attention Model

Unlike named entity recognition(NER)for English,the absence of word boundaries reduces the final accuracy for Chinese NER.To avoid accumulated error introduced by word segmentation,a deep model extracting character-level features is carefully built and becomes a basis for a new Chinese NER method,which is proposed in this paper.This method converts the raw text to a character vector sequence,extracts global text features with a bidirectional long short-term memory and extracts local text features with a soft attention model.A linear chain conditional random field is also used to label all the characters with the help of the global and local text features.Experiments based on the Microsoft Research Asia(MSRA)dataset are designed and implemented.Results show that the proposed method has good performance compared to other methods,which proves that the global and local text features extracted have a positive influence on Chinese NER.For more variety in the test domains,a resume dataset from Sina Finance is also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

《“十四五”中医药发展规划》背景下中医骨伤科学专业研究生的培养方案研究

《“十四五”中医药发展规划》公布,明确提出在新时期将全力助推中医药事业振兴发展。在此背景下,我国对高素质中医药人才的需求日益增加。中医骨伤科学是传统中医药的重要组成部分,但在当前中医骨伤科学专业研究生的培养方案下,培养出的研究生对中医传统治疗方法掌握较少、专业素质较弱,很难满足新时代对中医骨伤科学优秀人才的需求。文章对新时代背景下,对中医骨伤科学专业研究生的培养方案进行探索,以期提高研究生专业能力,培养出高素质中医药人才。

结直肠癌术后脾虚证患者肠功能恢复中医护理方案的应用研究

目的探讨中医护理方案对结直肠癌术后脾虚证患者肠功能恢复的影响。方法便利选取上海市某三级甲等中西医结合医院胃肠外科住院的224例患者作为研究对象,采用非同期前后对照研究分为对照组(n=109)和试验组(n=115)。对照组采用快速康复护理联合中医常规护理,试验组在此基础上实施脾虚证患者肠功能恢复中医护理方案,比较两组患者术后肠功能恢复情况、72 h排气率、腹胀程度。结果试验组患者术后肠功能恢复时间、术后72 h排气率均较对照组缩短(P<0.05),腹胀程度较对照组减轻(P<0.05)。结论中医护理方案应用于结直肠癌术后脾虚证患者可促进患者早期恢复肠功能,改善胃肠功能。